scholarly journals Interparental conflict, children's security with parents, and long-term risk of internalizing problems: A longitudinal study from ages 2 to 10

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Brock ◽  
Grazyna Kochanska
Keyword(s):  
Marital Conflict ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Interparental Conflict ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractAlthough the negative impact of marital conflict on children has been amply documented, few studies have examined the process of risk in a long-term, longitudinal design. We examined parent–child attachment security as a mechanism that may account for the impact of interparental conflict on children's long-term risk of internalizing problems. Sixty-two community mothers, fathers, and children were followed from ages 2 to 10. Parents reported on their conflicts when their children were 2. Trained observers produced parent–child attachment security scores (Attachment Q-Set, Waters, 1987), based on lengthy naturalistic observations of the child with each parent. Parents rated children's internalizing problems at age 10. A conditional process model and bootstrap approach were implemented to examine conditional indirect effects of conflict on child internalizing problems through attachment security for girls versus boys. Maladaptive marital conflict (destructive strategies, severity of arguments) increased internalizing problems 8 years later due to the undermined security for girls, whereas negative emotional aftermath of conflict (unresolved, lingering tension) increased internalizing problems for both boys and girls. The emotional aftermath of conflict is often overlooked, yet it appears to be a key dimension influencing emotional security in the family system, with significant consequences for children's development.

Parent–child attachment and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence: A review of empirical findings and future directions

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Brumariu ◽  
Kathryn A. Kerns
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the theory and evidence for the links of parent–child attachment with internalizing problems in childhood and adolescence. We address three key questions: (a) how consistent is the evidence that attachment security or insecurity is linked to internalizing symptoms, anxiety, and depression? (b) How consistent is the evidence that specific forms of insecurity are more strongly related to internalizing symptoms, anxiety, and depression than are other forms of insecurity? (c) Are associations with internalizing symptoms, anxiety, and depression consistent for mother–child and father–child attachment? The current findings are consistent with the hypothesis that insecure attachment is associated with the development of internalizing problems. The links between specific insecure attachment patterns and internalizing problems are difficult to evaluate. Father–child and mother–child attachments have a comparable impact, although there are relatively few studies of father–child attachment. No moderators consistently affect these relations. We also propose two models of how attachment insecurity may combine with other factors to lead to anxiety or depression.

scholarly journals Drivers of Housing Demolition Decision Making and the Impact on Timber Waste Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry John Forsythe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
No Value ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Housing Demolition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expected Increase ◽  
Project Level

The study investigates housing demolition and timber waste recovery – with the aim to identify ways of improving recovery. Using case studies the research focused on demolisher decision making, their onsite processes and the associated network of participants that influence timber recovery. From the data, a process model was developed that identifies and orders the drivers of demolition decision making. One aspect of the model identified the initiators of demolition and the waste created, including issues revolving around the demolition feedstock. Another aspect covers organisational business drivers and includes site safety, productivity, economies of scale, market value of waste and supply chain entrepreneurship. A third component deals with project specific drivers including the recurring cost versus income equation that impacts on the viability of project level decisions. The model includes a typology of the operational onsite response to the above drivers. Here, the deconstruction approach was found to provide high timber recovery mainly used where high-value timber waste was involved; the miscellaneous salvage approach provided some recovery of high and low-value timber; the crunch and dump approach provided low recovery or dumping at landfill and was used where low and no-value timber was involved. An expected increase in supply of these latter timber categories creates a significant need to increase the market value of currently low value timber groups. Designing for deconstruction is also posed as a long term strategy for this. 

scholarly journals Early Attachment to Mothers and Fathers: Contributions to Preschoolers' Emotional Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Fernandes ◽  
Marilia Fernandes ◽  
António J. Santos ◽  
Marta Antunes ◽  
Lígia Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Attachment Relationships ◽  
Preschool Classrooms ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Parent Child

Children acquire and develop emotional regulatory skills in the context of parent-child attachment relationships, nonetheless empirical studies have focused mainly on mother and less information is available regarding the role of both parent-child attachment relationships. Furthermore, despite its importance, there is no information regarding preschool years. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the potential influences of both mother-child and father-child attachments on preschooler's later emotion regulation observed in the peer group. Fifty-three Portuguese nuclear families (mother, father and focal child) participated in the study; 47% of the children were boys and 53% were girls. Attachment Security was assessed at home using the Attachment Behavior Q-set when children were 3 years of age, and emotion regulation was observed in the preschool classrooms attended by the children at age 5, using the California child Q-sort to derive an Emotion Regulation Q-Scale. Results showed that the combined influence of both parent-child attachment security predicted better emotion regulation results, than did the specific contributions of each parent per se. Findings are consistent with integrative approaches that highlight the value of including both mother- and father-child attachment relationships, as well as their combined effect, when studying emotion regulation.

The Impact of Parent–Child Attachment on Aggression, Social Stress and Self-Esteem

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 552-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Phaik Ooi ◽  
Rebecca P. Ang ◽  
Daniel S. S. Fung ◽  
Geraldine Wong ◽  
Yiming Cai
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parent Child

Models of internalizing outcomes of early rejection

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Salzer Burks ◽  
Kenneth A. Dodge ◽  
Joseph M. Price
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
First Year ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Third ◽  
School Year

AbstractViewing social rejection from same-age peers as a source of stress for children, the current study sought to determine the most appropriate model of the effects of temporary versus consistent experiences with rejection for both short-term and long-term internalizing problems. Adopting a cross-sectional longitudinal design, the sociometric status of children in the first year of the study (when the children were in the first, second, or third grades), and then again in the next school year (when children were in the second, third, or fourth grades) was assessed to determine which children were rejected by their peers. Internalizing outcome measures were administered in the third and sixth years of follow-up. Results indicated that, for boys, the Threshold Model best represented the stressful effects of rejection. That is, only boys who were exposed to rejection for 2 consecutive years demonstrated both short-term and long-term internalizing problems in subsequent years. For girls, however, there appeared to be few significant differences among those who never experienced rejection, who had only temporary experiences with rejection, and girls who were consistently exposed to rejection. Results are discussed in terms of the significance of a Threshold Model as well as possible explanations for these gender differences.

An Examination of the Developmental Impact of Continuing Destructive Parental Conflict on Young Adult Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Fozard ◽  
Peter Gubi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Role Reversal ◽  
Parental Conflict ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

This research investigates the impact of destructive parental conflict in continuously married parents, on young adult children. Four trainee or practicing counselors, who had personal experience of growing up in families in which there was continuing destructive parental conflict, were interviewed. The data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The findings resulted in four superordinate themes: feelings of loss, impact to family structure, trauma associated with the conflict, and impacts to personal and professional development, within which were 12 subordinate themes. Short-term impacts focused on mental health and self-esteem, and loss of security at home. Long-term impacts focused on future relationships, defensiveness, parent–child role-reversal, impacts to career, trauma, and parent–child relationships. The results demonstrate the necessity for support to be made available to children who are exposed to destructive parental conflict in parents who remain married, as well as to the adult children of continuing destructive parental conflict.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SAME-AGE AND MIXED-AGE GROUPING IN DAY CARE ON PARENT-CHILD ATTACHMENT SECURITY

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina M. Pool ◽  
Catrien C.J.H. Bijleveld ◽  
Louis W.C. Tavecchio
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Attachment Relationships ◽  
Daycare Centers ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Mixed Age ◽  
Q Sort ◽  
Parent Child

This pilot study investigates the effect on parent-child attachment relationships of same-age versus mixed-age grouping in daycare centers in the Netherlands. For 45 children in the age range of 2 to 6 years, parent-child attachment relationships were assessed by means of the Attachment Q-Sort. It was found that attachment security did not differ significantly for children who had been in mixed-age or in same-age grouping, or who had experienced a change of daycare center.

The Association Between Peer Victimization and Attachment Security: A Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Ward ◽  
Kylee Clayton ◽  
Jennifer Barnes ◽  
Jennifer Theule
Keyword(s):  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Moderator ◽  
Modest Effect ◽  
Parent Child

Numerous studies have explored the relationship between parent–child attachment and peer victimization, a problem for many Canadian children and youth; however, research in this area has been mixed. The present study utilized meta-analytic procedures to clarify the relationship between parent–child attachment and peer victimization. A random effects model was used to complete these analyses. Following extensive database searches, 16 studies were found to be eligible for inclusion. A significant relationship was found between attachment security and peer victimization, r = −.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [−.18, −.10], p < .001. Sample ethnicity was the only significant moderator; samples with higher proportions of White participants had a stronger relationship between attachment and peer victimization. Although the results of this study highlight the existence of a relationship between attachment relationships and peer victimization, modest effect sizes suggest that this relationship is likely indirect, with other key variables mediating this relationship.

Parent-Child Attachment Concept: Crucial for Permanency Planning

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peg Hess
Keyword(s):  
Permanency Planning ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Child Visitation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parent Child

Various dimensions of the concept of parent-child attachment, including the impact of separation on attachments and factors which contribute to change in attachments are reviewed. Emphasis is given to early designation of the foster child's expected, permanent caretaker, and to frequent, regular parent-child visitation.

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