Unions and agricultural protests in inland Spain during the Transition: the example of Burgos province (1975–80)

Rural History ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jesús-Ángel Redondo-Cardeñoso
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Francisco Franco ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Civil Government

Abstract This article analyses the creation of unions and the evolution of protests (demonstrations, tractor blockades) instigated by farmers in the province of Burgos, in the interior of northern Spain, during the period following the death of the dictator Francisco Franco known as the Transition (1975–80). The study uses press articles, documentation from the Civil Government and information gathered through personal interviews. The aim of the article is to show that the farmers of the interior of northern Spain – an electorally conservative region – also participated in the citizens’ protests that were the driving force behind the democratisation process in the country during the 1970s.

Maximising Soft Power: the Role of Digital Diplomacy in Building Trust with Nation-Branding

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jess Gosling
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Nation Branding ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Digital Diplomacy

Perceptions of attractiveness and trustworthiness impact the prosperity and influence of countries. A country's soft power is not guaranteed. Countries have their brands, an image shaped by the behaviour of governments, by what they do and say, whom they associate with, and how they conduct themselves on the global stage. Increasingly, digital diplomacy plays a crucial role in the creation and application of soft power. This paper argues that digital diplomacy is increasingly vital in the articulation of soft power. Digital diplomacy is a new way of conducting public diplomacy, offering new and unparalleled ways of building trust with previously disengaged audiences. Soft power is now the driving force behind reputation and influence on the global stage, where increasingly digital diplomacy plays an essential role.

Porter, Edwin S. (1870–1941)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Adriaensens
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Motion Picture ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
American Film ◽  
Continuous Action ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Short Films ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Narrative Film

Edwin Stanton Porter was an American film exhibitor, producer, and director. He started his career in cinema in 1896 as a traveling exhibitor and moved on to become the motion picture operator of the New York Eden Musee wax museum. He also built motion picture machinery, which he continued doing until well after his retirement in 1925. As an operator and programmer, Porter edited short films into programs with narrative structures, effectively acting as producer and director. When the Edison Company was reorganized in 1900 he was hired to improve their cameras and projectors, but quickly became a cameraman, producer, and director. He produced over a hundred short films for Edison by collaborating with theater-trained directors, and became an important driving force behind the creation of modern, elaborate multishot films, the most famous of which is undoubtedly The Great Train Robbery (1903). Musser and Everson see Porter as a technician at heart—an editor who did not fully grasp the possibilities and principles of editing or acting, but who had an instinctive understanding of "continuity," or the safeguarding of smooth, continuous action through the combination of fragmented shots. Though Porter had been instrumental in lifting cinema out of what Tom Gunning has dubbed the "cinema of attractions" era, he arguably never realized his full potential as he was unwilling to invest himself in narrative film. When his methods had become antiquated in 1909, Edison fired him.

The Living Legacy: Hajo Holborn as a Teacher of Power and Responsibility

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
John L. Snell
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
European History ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Human Kind

Theodore S. Hamerow provided the driving force within the Conference Group for Central European History for the creation of this journal. Both he and the editor became historians under the sensitive supervision of Hajo Holborn, as did many others who read Central European History. Less directly, Holborn taught other colleagues who never registered for a course at Yale; any roster of these would start with his fellow students in Germany in the 1920's and include all of us who ever met the man. It seems imperative, therefore, that the formative influence Holborn exerted as a teacher not be overlooked in this number of Central European History, least of all in a reviewessay on the Festschrift presented him in 1967; for—directly or indirectly—he taught all twenty-four contributors. Twelve can loosely be described as Holborn's colleagues. The remaining dozen studied with Holborn (I include his daughter). Taken together, they comprise a remarkable array of talent. Holborn himself might well have memorialized these friends in the lines from Addison that he once quoted on the relationship between Prince Eugene and Marlborough: “To souls like these in mutual friendship joined / Heaven dares intrust the cause of human kind.”

scholarly journals Human Language as a Natural Artifact of Planetary-Noospheric Mind: Coevolutionary-Macromutational Reinterpretation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (34) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Roman Vasko ◽  
Alla Korolyova ◽  
Tetiana Tolcheyeva ◽  
Yan Kapranov
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Subsequent Stage ◽  
Human Language ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Fusion Theory ◽  
New Hypothesis

The article discusses a new hypothesis of coevolutionary-macromutational origin of human language, through the prism of which this planetary-noospheric phenomenon is proposed to be considered as a natural artifact of holisticsynergetic coevolution of nature, society and culture. The following assumption has been suggested: the proposed hypothetical idea is a resonance of the former two philosophical theories: the fusion theory and the thesis theory, which were regarded by scientists either as natural or artificial (conventional / conditional) nature of human language. At the same time, they did not completely deny the origin of the human language as a result of various types of activities. The represented arguments helped to confirm the views of anthropologists, culturologists and other scholars. The creation of various artifacts (tangible and intangible) took place in all stages of evolution: geogenesis – biogenesis – psychogenesis – anthropogenesis and at a subsequent stage of Homo sapiens. However, language as the most important product of global evolutionism was formed at the stage of anthropogenesis, in particular as a corollary to the molecular mutations of human brain. The term “coevolution” has been transferred to the sphere of linguoanthropogenesis. In conjunction with the hypothesis of macromutation the natural artifact origin of human language is consistently explained under the scenario of biogenesis – sociogenesis – culturogenesis. The essence of the hypothetical result is that a qualitatively new driving force for the continuation of this scenario can be noospherogenesis, which is determined by historical and cultural development of mankind, its activities in all spheres of life and, most importantly, by the planetary high-tech mind.

Oceanic Commerce and Platine Merchants, 1796-1806: The Challenge of War

1989 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry W. Cooney
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Real ◽  
La Plata ◽  
The Creation

The creation of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata in 1776 by Charles III of Spain and his Edict of Free Commerce two years later brought unprecedented commercial prosperity to the port cities of Buenos Aires and Montevideo. Unlimited trade was now allowed between this region of South America and Spain. Exports—mainly silver from Alto Perú and pastoral products from the pampas—flowed in ever greater volume to the Iberian Peninsula. In return, merchants of the estuary received from Spanish commercial houses European manufactures and luxury items. This trade which spanned the South Atlantic depended upon a complex web of credit and merchant associations between the Old World and the New, and also upon the unobstructed traffic of Spain's merchant marine. In the 1780s and early 1790s with the Empire at peace Platine commerce contributed to both government revenues and the growth of a dynamic immigrant merchant community recently arrived from northern Spain. By 1794 the booming trade of the new viceroyalty justified the creation of the Real Consulado de Buenos Aires, essentially an official merchants guild to regulate the business affairs of this region.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE SME IN SERBIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1557-1562
Author(s):  
Gabrijela Lilić ◽  
Dragana Jovanović Kuprešanin
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Flexible Part ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Competitive Economy

Turbulent environment, crisis, globalization, rapid technical and technological progress, constant changes require new creative ideas from SME, new knowledge and constant innovation. SME should learn to live with constant changes. Knowledge is the driving force of any innovative venture.Isak Adizes points out: "On one occasion, I asked Ferdinand Porsche (the son of a founder of a car company) if he had two choices ahead of you: to lose all your people or to lose all your machines from which to give up before? He answered the machine! Why? What is easier to replace machines or people? Well machines of course. People have become the most valuable assets of SME because they have knowledge .. The recovery, development and competitiveness of SME depends on the ability and speed of using new knowledge and technologies (innovation capabilities). According to the European Commission, the creation, use and commercialization of new knowledge and technologies are essential for achieving competitiveness. The knowledge base encourages the development of innovations. Innovations as the most important source of change occupy a central place in the knowledge economy. Innovative SME are those who have implemented a one innovation. According to the OECD, a knowledge-based economy is an economy based on the creation, use and dissemination of knowledge and information. The innovative SME are the driving force for knowledge-based economy, they are the most efficient, most dynamic and flexible part of the economy and contribute to increasing the overall competitiveness of the Serbian economy. The paper presents the concept of innovative SME, development conditions and limitations. The importance that innovative SME have for the development of the SME sector in Serbia, as well as the creation of a competitive economy. The importance of the knowledge and innovation relation in innovative SME is also shown, as a key factor in the change and development of the economy as a whole.We given guidelines for improvement and further development of innovative SME in Serbia.

scholarly journals Estrellas sobre fondos cambiantes: convocando la luz

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Álvarez Gallego ◽  
Silvia Blanco Agüeira
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
The Real ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Sobre Todo

Resumen: Tras crear y desarrollar durante siete años diecinueve poemas manuscritos, que hoy en día son considerados síntesis de su pensamiento, Le Corbusier publicó en 1955 su Poème de l´Angle Droit. Al estudiar este poema reconocemos en él los principales temas presentes en su trayectoria, así como algunos elementos —la espada, la nube y la estrella— que aparecen en su obra pictórica y arquitectónica. La presente comunicación pretende desvelar las conexiones que se establecen entre uno de estos elementos en concreto, como es la imagen de la estrella, y su incorporación al proceso de proyecto lecorbusieriano. Se trata de analizar cómo este tema, que se repite de forma obsesiva, configura imágenes que permanecen en las estrategias arquitectónicas que llevó a cabo el maestro suizo. La estrella habla de faro, de guía, de motor dentro de un proceso de viaje. Es el elemento que representa la movilidad del cosmos, que rige ese carácter de repetición ligado al arte; una señal que guía al viajero y define el itinerario que deben seguir sus pasos, que nos hace pensar en una brillante luz y en la distancia entre lo real y lo imaginado. Y, sobre todo, es la referencia presente en edificios, que condensaban así reflexiones que daban coherencia y unidad a las distintas opciones del proyecto. Abstract: Following a seven year period dedicated to the creation and development of nineteen manuscript poems, which today are considered a synthesis of his thinking, in 1955 Le Corbusier published his Poème de l´Angle Droit. The study of this poem reveals the principal themes that dominated his trajectory, as well as a series of elements, namely the sword, the cloud and the star, which appear in his pictorial and architectural work. This paper aims to shed light on the connections established between one of these elements in particular —the star— and its incorporation into Lecorbuserian method of architectural design. It seeks to analyse how this item is repeated obsessively, forming images which remain rooted in the architectural strategies developed by the Swiss architect. The star speaks of a lighthouse, a guide, a driving force that spurs on the journey. It is the element that represents the mobility of the cosmos, which governs the nature of repetition linked to art; a signal that guides the traveler and traces the route their steps must take them, leading us to think of a bright light and the distance that separates the real and the imagined. And above all, it is the reference in those buildings that condensed the reflections that gave coherence and unity to the various project options.  Palabras clave: estrella; cosmos; proyecto; mirada; símbolo; proceso creativo. Keywords: star; cosmos; project; gaze, symbol; creative process. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.980

Mechanism of honeydew formation by Claviceps species

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (23) ◽  
pp. 2826-2834 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Mower ◽  
J. G. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
The Creation

The biochemical and biophysical relationships of sugar movement were studied in ergot-infected grasses. The results indicate a mechanism for honeydew formation by various Claviceps species. Significant increases in the rates of translocation and transpiration were noted in culms of grasses infected with ergot and appear to be due in part to a 10- to 50-fold difference in water potential between the host and the parasite. The conversion of host sucrose to fungal honeydew sugars was demonstrated by radioactive labeling techniques. The creation of a 'sucrose sink' is probably the major driving force behind increased translocation in the direction of the parasite.

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