Neuropathies in the older patient

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf A Rajabally
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Impaired Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Older Patient ◽  
Target Organs

Peripheral neuropathy encompasses disorders of the peripheral nervous system, affecting the axon and/or the myelin sheath. The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy increases with age. Thought to be of about 3000 per 100 000 in adults generally, this figure could be as high as 8000 above the age of 60 years. However more than half of these cases would be due to impaired glucose metabolism in its various forms. In the remainder, an aetiology may be found in about 70% of cases. The elderly population is at higher risk of peripheral neuropathy, as there is a correlation between age and impairment of the peripheral nervous system. The natural aging process affects adversely the function of peripheral nerves and of their target organs, resulting in the development of motor, sensory and autonomic symptoms in the absence of additional damage of other causes. In addition, the increased prevalence of chronic systemic disorders causing neuropathy, as well as the use of neurotoxic drugs in older patients, contribute to the onset of neuropathy.

scholarly journals Management of Peripheral Neuropathy and Cardiovascular Effects in Vitamin B12 Deficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishant Kumar Singh ◽  
Hirni J. Patel ◽  
Mohit Buddhadev ◽  
S P Srinivas Nayak ◽  
Gunosindhu Chakraborthy
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Artery Disease

Peripheral nerves are susceptible to damage by a wide array of toxins, medications, and vitamin deficiencies. Vitamin B12 (VB12) deficiency neuropathy is a rare debilitating disease that affects mostly the elderly. It is important to consider these etiologies when approaching patients with a variety of neuropathic presentations in this review were have included most relevant and latest information on mechanisms causing Peripheral neuropathy in VB12 deficiency. We also have included cardiovascular disorders and their management. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been implicated in endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. The association of homocysteine (Hcy) and VB12 with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) has also been studied Keywords: Peripheral Neuropathy, Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Cardiovascular Disease and Homocysteine.

CLINICALAND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE ELDERLY PEOPLE IN DARBHANGA

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Nutan Bala ◽  
Priyanka Priyanka ◽  
Sheela Kumari ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Effect Of Age

The effect of age on the peripheral nervous system was investigated by clinical examination and neurophysiological studies in 59 subjects aged 60- 103 years and 23 young subjects. Afull laboratory screen for factors which, though clinically silent, may constitute risk factors (RFs) for peripheral neuropathy was also performed in the elderly subjects. Our ndings show that the presence of RFs affects exceptionally the electrophysiological parameters in a statistically signicant way. The age-dependent changes in nerve conduction parameters were well predicted by non-linear models. The simultaneous electromyographical study demonstrates the re-innervation capacity of the motor system

scholarly journals Propylthiouracil and peripheral neuropathy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-240
Author(s):  
Valentina Van Boekel ◽  
José Maurício Godoy ◽  
Luiz A. Lamy ◽  
Samira Assuf ◽  
João G. Corrêa Meyer Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Rare Manifestation

Peripheral neuropathy is a rare manifestation in hyperthyroidism. We describe the neurological manifestations of a 38 year old female with Graves' disease who developed peripheral neuropathy in the course of her treatment with propylthiouracil. After the drug was tapered off, the neurological signs disappeared. Therefore, we call attention for a possible toxic effect on peripheral nervous system caused by this drug.

scholarly journals ДИНАМИКА ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ СТРУКТУР ПАРАНЕВРИЯ В ПОСТНАТАЛЬНОМ ОНТОГЕНЕЗЕ

Innova ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Бородина К.А. ◽  
Затолокина М.А. ◽  
Харченко В.В. ◽  
Затолокина М.А. ◽  
Мишина Е.С. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Depth Data ◽  
Age Related

Currently, there is a lot of literature and research that reflects data on the structure of the peripheral nervous system. However, it should be noted that the results available in the sources do not contain a full range of data on the structural features of paraneural structures and have some contradictions. In addition, data on the morphological features of the structure of the paranephrium of peripheral nerves in ontogenesis are practically absent. This was the beginning of our research, in order to obtain new, more in-depth data on the age-related variability of the peripheral nerve paraneurium.

Peripheral Nerves: Not Only Cross-sectional Area in the Era of Radiomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Alberto Stefano Tagliafico ◽  
Raquel Prada González ◽  
Federica Rossi ◽  
Bianca Bignotti ◽  
Carlo Martinoli
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Musculoskeletal Radiology ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractThe peripheral nervous system is increasingly being investigated using medical imaging as a complement or in association with electrodiagnostics tests. The application of imaging techniques, such as ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allows detailed visualization of the peripheral nervous system. According to the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology, the use of US for nerve evaluation is strongly encouraged. In addition, the role of US is further enhanced by the wide application of US-guided techniques to diagnose or to treat peripheral nerve disorders.Standard evaluation of peripheral nerves on US usually relies on cross-sectional area evaluation with different cutoff values in the osteofibrous tunnels and outside them. In several anatomical areas, side-to-side comparison is highly recommended because it helps distinguish subtle variations by using the unaffected limb as an internal control.US is widely used to perform US-guided interventional procedures on peripheral nerves. The recent development of radiomics and machine and deep learning applied to peripheral nerves may reveal new insights beyond the capabilities of the human eye. Radiomics may have a role in expanding the diagnostic capabilities of US and MRI in the study of peripheral nerve pathology, especially when the cross-sectional area is not markedly increased.

Disorders of hearing and balance

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Linda M Luxon
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Eighth Decade

The cochleovestibular system is unique in that the peripheral labyrinth subserves two senses, hearing and balance, while the central auditory and vestibular connections diverge within the central nervous system and interact with a multiplicity of information from other sensory inputs. During the seventh decade of life, approximately 40% of people in Great Britain have a significant hearing impairment while in the eighth decade of life this figure rises to 60%. By the age of 65, 35% of people have experienced episodes of dizziness and by the age of 80, two-thirds of women and one-third of men have suffered episodes of vertigo. The elderly population is reported to be increasing by approximately 30% every 20 years and the prevalence of vertigo and hearing loss has been reported to rise in parallel with advancing age.

scholarly journals Liver X Receptors and Their Implications in the Physiology and Pathology of the Peripheral Nervous System

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4192
Author(s):  
Venkat Krishnan Sundaram ◽  
Charbel Massaad ◽  
Julien Grenier
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Liver X Receptors ◽  
X Receptors

Recent research in the last decade has sought to explore the role and therapeutic potential of Liver X Receptors (LXRs) in the physiology and pathologies of the Peripheral Nervous System. LXRs have been shown to be important in maintaining the redox homeostasis in peripheral nerves for proper myelination, and they regulate ER stress in sensory neurons. Furthermore, LXR stimulation has a positive impact on abrogating the effects of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and obesity-induced allodynia in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). This review details these findings and addresses certain important questions that are yet to be answered. The potential roles of LXRs in different cells of the PNS are speculated based on existing knowledge. The review also aims to provide important perspectives for further research in elucidating the role of LXRs and assessing the potential of LXR based therapies to combat pathologies of the Peripheral Nervous System.

scholarly journals Diagnostic significance of electroneuromyographic (enmg) indices in diphtheria polyneuropathy

1997 ◽  
Vol XXIX (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
V. N. Komantsev ◽  
М. N. Sorokina ◽  
N. V. Skripchenko
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
The State ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
F Wave ◽  
Wave Latency

There studied changes of electroneuiomyographical indices for evaluation of incidence and dynamics of lesion of peripheral nervous system during diphtheria. For this purpose 37 patients with diphtheria polyneuropathy at the age of 214 years at different terms of disease were examined. It was shown that during diphtheria most often the nerves of lower extremities are damaged: fibular and tibial. Information of ENMG indices of the latter is more significant. For revealing the initial symptoms of the nervous system lesion it is useful to investigate the state of myelinization of proximal parts of peripheral nerves according to F-wave latency.

scholarly journals Progressive Degeneration and Inhibition of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in the SOD1-G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 2358-2372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Deng ◽  
Wenjing Lv ◽  
Weisong Duan ◽  
Yakun Liu ◽  
Zhongyao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Sod1 Mutant ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Background: Myelination, degeneration and regeneration are implicated in crucial responses to injury in the peripheral nervous system. Considering the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we used the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-G93A transgenic mouse model of ALS to investigate the effects of mutant SOD1 on the peripheral nerves. Methods: Changes in peripheral nerve morphology were analyzed in SOD1 mutant mice at various stages of the disease by toluidine blue staining and electron microscopy (EM). Schwann cell proliferation and recruitment of inflammatory factors were detected by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative reverse transcription PCR and were compared between SOD1 mutant mice and control mice. Furthermore, western blotting (WB) and TUNEL staining were used to investigate axonal damage and Schwann cell survival in the sciatic nerves of mice in both groups. Results: An analysis of the peripheral nervous system in SOD1-G93A mice revealed the following novel features: (i) Schwann cells and axons in mutant mice underwent changes that were similar to those seen in the control mice during the early development of peripheral nerves. (ii) The peripheral nerves of SOD1-G93A mice developed progressive neuropathy, which presented as defects in axons and myelin, leading to difficulty in walking and reduced locomotor capacity at a late stage of the disease. (iii) Macrophages were recruited and accumulated, and nerve injury and a deficit in the blood-nerve barrier were observed. (iv) Proliferation and the inflammatory micro-environment were inhibited, which impaired the regeneration and remyelination of axons after crush injury in the SOD1-G93A mice. Conclusions: The mutant human SOD1 protein induced axonal and myelin degeneration during the progression of ALS and participated in axon remyelination and regeneration in response to injury.

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