scholarly journals Diagnostic significance of electroneuromyographic (enmg) indices in diphtheria polyneuropathy

1997 ◽  
Vol XXIX (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
V. N. Komantsev ◽  
М. N. Sorokina ◽  
N. V. Skripchenko
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
The State ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
F Wave ◽  
Wave Latency

There studied changes of electroneuiomyographical indices for evaluation of incidence and dynamics of lesion of peripheral nervous system during diphtheria. For this purpose 37 patients with diphtheria polyneuropathy at the age of 214 years at different terms of disease were examined. It was shown that during diphtheria most often the nerves of lower extremities are damaged: fibular and tibial. Information of ENMG indices of the latter is more significant. For revealing the initial symptoms of the nervous system lesion it is useful to investigate the state of myelinization of proximal parts of peripheral nerves according to F-wave latency.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH VIBRATION DISEASE BY ELECTRONEUROMIOGRAPHY INDICES

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1119-1123
Author(s):  
D. V. Rusanova ◽  
Larisa S. Vasileva ◽  
N. V. Slivnitsyna ◽  
O. L. Lakhman
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Spinal Cord Neurons ◽  
Vibration Disease ◽  
Prolonged Contact ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
F Wave

Introduction. Vibration disease (VD) is a chronic occupational disease caused by the long-term influence of industrial vibration on the body, with prolonged contact with which a polyneuropathic syndrome is formed. Material and methods. 150 males were examined in the clinic. The first group consisted of 50 patients with VD associated with combined exposure to local and General vibration (48.7±3.1 years); the second - 50 patients with VB associated with exposure to local vibration (48.9±2.8 years); the third - 50 relatively healthy individuals without contact with vibration (49.1±2.5 years). Stimulation electroneuromyography (ENMG) was carried out according to the generally accepted method. The results of ENMG show demyelinating lesions of motor and sensory components to be registered in the examined VD patients, changes in the speed indices of axons of nerves of the upper and lower extremities are observed. Analysis of F-wave indices revealed the lesion of both the fastest and the slowest conductive fibers of the tibial and peroneal nerves in patients of both groups. There is an increase in the maximum amplitude of the F-wave and the F/M ratio, more pronounced in patients of the first examined group. In patients of the first and second examined groups, there is an increase in the blocks of the pulse, more pronounced with the combined effect of general and local vibration. Conclusion. Changes in the state of the peripheral nerves of the upper extremities are similar in patients of the first and second groups and consist in the presence of processes of demyelination of motor and sensory axons. In patients of the first group, there are more pronounced disorders in the state of the motor component of the nerves of the upper and lower extremities, while in persons of the second group there are sub-threshold changes in the lower extremities. Changes at the level of roots and in the functional state of the spinal cord neurons are more pronounced in patients of the second group.

scholarly journals ДИНАМИКА ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ СТРУКТУР ПАРАНЕВРИЯ В ПОСТНАТАЛЬНОМ ОНТОГЕНЕЗЕ

Innova ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Бородина К.А. ◽  
Затолокина М.А. ◽  
Харченко В.В. ◽  
Затолокина М.А. ◽  
Мишина Е.С. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Depth Data ◽  
Age Related

Currently, there is a lot of literature and research that reflects data on the structure of the peripheral nervous system. However, it should be noted that the results available in the sources do not contain a full range of data on the structural features of paraneural structures and have some contradictions. In addition, data on the morphological features of the structure of the paranephrium of peripheral nerves in ontogenesis are practically absent. This was the beginning of our research, in order to obtain new, more in-depth data on the age-related variability of the peripheral nerve paraneurium.

Peripheral Nervous SystemLower Extremity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Lumbosacral Plexus

Chapter 4 discusses how to draw the peripheral nervous system (lower extremities), including the lumbosacral plexus, the leg and foot, and the thigh.

Peripheral Nerves: Not Only Cross-sectional Area in the Era of Radiomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Alberto Stefano Tagliafico ◽  
Raquel Prada González ◽  
Federica Rossi ◽  
Bianca Bignotti ◽  
Carlo Martinoli
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Musculoskeletal Radiology ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractThe peripheral nervous system is increasingly being investigated using medical imaging as a complement or in association with electrodiagnostics tests. The application of imaging techniques, such as ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allows detailed visualization of the peripheral nervous system. According to the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology, the use of US for nerve evaluation is strongly encouraged. In addition, the role of US is further enhanced by the wide application of US-guided techniques to diagnose or to treat peripheral nerve disorders.Standard evaluation of peripheral nerves on US usually relies on cross-sectional area evaluation with different cutoff values in the osteofibrous tunnels and outside them. In several anatomical areas, side-to-side comparison is highly recommended because it helps distinguish subtle variations by using the unaffected limb as an internal control.US is widely used to perform US-guided interventional procedures on peripheral nerves. The recent development of radiomics and machine and deep learning applied to peripheral nerves may reveal new insights beyond the capabilities of the human eye. Radiomics may have a role in expanding the diagnostic capabilities of US and MRI in the study of peripheral nerve pathology, especially when the cross-sectional area is not markedly increased.

scholarly journals Liver X Receptors and Their Implications in the Physiology and Pathology of the Peripheral Nervous System

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4192
Author(s):  
Venkat Krishnan Sundaram ◽  
Charbel Massaad ◽  
Julien Grenier
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Liver X Receptors ◽  
X Receptors

Recent research in the last decade has sought to explore the role and therapeutic potential of Liver X Receptors (LXRs) in the physiology and pathologies of the Peripheral Nervous System. LXRs have been shown to be important in maintaining the redox homeostasis in peripheral nerves for proper myelination, and they regulate ER stress in sensory neurons. Furthermore, LXR stimulation has a positive impact on abrogating the effects of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and obesity-induced allodynia in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). This review details these findings and addresses certain important questions that are yet to be answered. The potential roles of LXRs in different cells of the PNS are speculated based on existing knowledge. The review also aims to provide important perspectives for further research in elucidating the role of LXRs and assessing the potential of LXR based therapies to combat pathologies of the Peripheral Nervous System.

Neuropathies in the older patient

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf A Rajabally
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Impaired Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Older Patient ◽  
Target Organs

Peripheral neuropathy encompasses disorders of the peripheral nervous system, affecting the axon and/or the myelin sheath. The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy increases with age. Thought to be of about 3000 per 100 000 in adults generally, this figure could be as high as 8000 above the age of 60 years. However more than half of these cases would be due to impaired glucose metabolism in its various forms. In the remainder, an aetiology may be found in about 70% of cases. The elderly population is at higher risk of peripheral neuropathy, as there is a correlation between age and impairment of the peripheral nervous system. The natural aging process affects adversely the function of peripheral nerves and of their target organs, resulting in the development of motor, sensory and autonomic symptoms in the absence of additional damage of other causes. In addition, the increased prevalence of chronic systemic disorders causing neuropathy, as well as the use of neurotoxic drugs in older patients, contribute to the onset of neuropathy.

scholarly journals Progressive Degeneration and Inhibition of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in the SOD1-G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 2358-2372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Deng ◽  
Wenjing Lv ◽  
Weisong Duan ◽  
Yakun Liu ◽  
Zhongyao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Sod1 Mutant ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Background: Myelination, degeneration and regeneration are implicated in crucial responses to injury in the peripheral nervous system. Considering the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we used the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-G93A transgenic mouse model of ALS to investigate the effects of mutant SOD1 on the peripheral nerves. Methods: Changes in peripheral nerve morphology were analyzed in SOD1 mutant mice at various stages of the disease by toluidine blue staining and electron microscopy (EM). Schwann cell proliferation and recruitment of inflammatory factors were detected by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative reverse transcription PCR and were compared between SOD1 mutant mice and control mice. Furthermore, western blotting (WB) and TUNEL staining were used to investigate axonal damage and Schwann cell survival in the sciatic nerves of mice in both groups. Results: An analysis of the peripheral nervous system in SOD1-G93A mice revealed the following novel features: (i) Schwann cells and axons in mutant mice underwent changes that were similar to those seen in the control mice during the early development of peripheral nerves. (ii) The peripheral nerves of SOD1-G93A mice developed progressive neuropathy, which presented as defects in axons and myelin, leading to difficulty in walking and reduced locomotor capacity at a late stage of the disease. (iii) Macrophages were recruited and accumulated, and nerve injury and a deficit in the blood-nerve barrier were observed. (iv) Proliferation and the inflammatory micro-environment were inhibited, which impaired the regeneration and remyelination of axons after crush injury in the SOD1-G93A mice. Conclusions: The mutant human SOD1 protein induced axonal and myelin degeneration during the progression of ALS and participated in axon remyelination and regeneration in response to injury.

The Role of Peripheral Nervous System in Colour Changes of Bufo Arenarum Hensel

1954 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
A. O. M. STOPPANI ◽  
P. F. PIERONI ◽  
A. J. MURRAY
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Secondary Role ◽  
Bufo Arenarum ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Stimulation of the peripheral nerves of Bufo arenarum Hensel produces a partial paling of the skin due to concentration of pigment in the intracutaneous melanophores, and dispersion of guanin-granules in the guanophores. This effect is attributed to the liberation in situ of an adrenergic-like substance. Noradrenalin and the cutaneous secretion (which contains adrenalin and active bases) play no part in the blanching of the skin. 2. The nervous system plays a secondary role in the paling of the skin which follows hypophysectomy. 3. There is no evidence that stimulation of the peripherai nervous system is essential for the colour changes of B. arenarum.

scholarly journals Differential diagnosis of flaccid palsy of the upper extremities in children first months after birth (Literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Olga E. Agranovich ◽  
Galina A. Ikoeva ◽  
Elena L. Gabbasova ◽  
Ekaterina V. Petrova ◽  
Vladimir M. Kenis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Traumatic Origin ◽  
Children First

This article analyzes the literature related to flaccid paresis and paralysis of the upper extremities in children during the first months of life. This pathology is a heterogeneous group of diseases with different etiopathogenesis. There are various courses of flaccid paresis and paralysis of the upper extremities in children: damage to the spinal cord, brachial plexus, peripheral nervous system to the level of the brachial plexus, and isolated damage to peripheral nerves. According to the time of occurrence, flaccid paresis and paralysis can be divided into three groups: antenatal, intranatal, and postnatal pathology. The main mechanism of occurrence of this pathology is intranatal trauma. More rare causes of flaccid paresis and paralysis of the upper extremities are antenatal conditions of dysplastic and traumatic origin, postnatal damage to the peripheral nervous system due to trauma or infection. Congenital contractures of the upper extremities combined with flaccid paralysis are connected with genetically determined diseases of the lower motor neurons and congenital myopathies, intrauterine injuries of the brachial plexus peripheral nerves. This article discusses the issues of topical and differential diagnosis of this pathology, the clinical picture suitable for each period of the childs life, and the prognosis of the disease. This research will be useful not only for neurologists, but also for specialists of related specialties: orthopedists, physiotherapists, and neonatologists for making correct the diagnosis, providing adequate treatment, and predicting its results.

The Peripheral Nervous System

Neuroanatomy ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 27-58
Author(s):  
Adam J Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
System P ◽  
Neural Signaling

This chapter focuses on learning the origination and components of the peripheral nervous system and how to draw them. Structures addressed include the neuron, glial cells, neuroglia, neurotransmitters, peripheral nerves, muscle tissues, motor units, and skeletal muscle myofibril. The processes of membrane potential, neural signaling, postsynaptic neuronal integration, and histology are also illustrated in detail,.

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