Vitamin D in older people

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian C Logan ◽  
Miles D Witham
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Older People ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Clinical Use

Vitamin D has been known to play a key role in calcium homeostasis and bone health for almost a century. Its main current clinical use is as an agent to prevent osteomalacia and reduce fragility fractures in older people. Vitamin D may however play a wider physiological role, with effects on cancer prevention, cardiovascular health and immune function. This review article will outline the physiological role of vitamin D, the disease processes that have been associated with insufficiency and examine whether vitamin D supplementation can ameliorate these disease processes in older people.

scholarly journals Bone Health, Fragility and Fractures

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-134
Author(s):  
Helen Wilson ◽  
Diana Calcraft ◽  
Cai Neville ◽  
Susan Lanham-New ◽  
Louise R. Durrant
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Base Balance

AbstractAchieving and maintaining skeletal health throughout the life trajectory is essential for the prevention of bone diseases such as rickets, osteomalacia and osteoporosis. Rickets and osteomalacia are usually a result of calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency, causing softening of bones and bone pain, and both conditions are treatable with calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Osteoporosis is a multifaceted disease mainly affecting older people, and its pathogenesis (and hence treatment) is more complex. Untreated osteoporosis results in fragility fractures causing morbidity and increased mortality.Nutrition is one of many factors that influence bone mass and risk of bone disease. Developing a nutritional sciences approach is a feasible option for improving bone health.The importance of adequate calcium and vitamin D in ensuring skeletal integrity throughout the life course has a sound evidence base. Poor vitamin D status in population groups of all ages is widespread across many countries (including affluent and non-affluent areas). Public health approaches are required to correct this given the fact that vitamin D is not just required for musculoskeletal health but also for other health outcomes.Dietary protein may be beneficial for bone due to its effect of increasing insulin-like growth-factor-1 (IGF-1). Recent meta-analyses show that dietary protein has a beneficial role to play in bone health at all ages.Other nutritional factors and nutrients (such as potassium, magnesium, vitamin K and acid-base balance) are also likely to have an important role in bone health, though the literature is less clear in terms of the association/relationship and more research is required.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Supplementation in Sarcoidosis: A Double-Edged Sword

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishikesh Chandran ◽  
Lakshmi Nagendra ◽  
Shrikrishna Acharya ◽  
Giridhar Belur Hosmane ◽  
Vijith Shetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Osteoporosis Prevention ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Severe Hypercalcemia ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractSarcoidosis is complicated by disordered vitamin D and calcium metabolism, which has important implications on disease activity and bone health. Although the majority of the patients with sarcoidosis are typically deficient in 25-hydroxyvitamin D, repletion of vitamin D is controversial in light of the hypercalcemia risk. Presently, there are no clear guidelines regarding vitamin D supplementation as a part of osteoporosis prevention in patients with vitamin D deficiency and sarcoidosis. We report a patient with sarcoidosis who presented with severe hypercalcemia following vitamin D supplementation and review the debated role of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D-deficient sarcoid patients.

scholarly journals Minerals and vitamins in bone health: the potential value of dietary enhancement

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 1581-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Bonjour ◽  
Léon Guéguen ◽  
Cristina Palacios ◽  
Martin J. Shearer ◽  
Connie M. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Hard Evidence

Nutrition is important to bone health, and a number of minerals and vitamins have been identified as playing a potential role in the prevention of bone diseases, particularly osteoporosis. Despite this, there is currently no consensus on maximum levels to allow in food or as dietary supplements. The benefits of supplementation of populations at risk of osteoporosis with Ca and vitamin D are well established. Prolonged supplementation of Ca and vitamin D in elderly has been shown to prevent bone loss, and in some intervention studies to prevent fragility fractures. Although P is essential to bone health, the average intake is considered to be more than sufficient and supplementation could raise intake to adverse levels. The role of vitamin K in bone health is less well defined, though it may enhance the actions of Ca and vitamin D. Sr administered in pharmacological doses as the ranelate salt was shown to prevent fragility fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, there is no hard evidence that supplementation with Sr salts would be beneficial in the general population. Mg is a nutrient implicated in bone quality, but the benefit of supplementation via foodstuffs remains to be established. A consensus on dietary supplementation for bone health should balance the risks, for example, exposure of vulnerable populations to values close to maximal tolerated doses, against evidence for benefits from randomised clinical trials, such as those for Ca and vitamin D. Feedback from community studies should direct further investigations and help formulate a consensus on dietary supplementation for bone health.

scholarly journals Challenges and opportunities for osteoporosis care during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J Cromer ◽  
Elaine W Yu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has both directly and indirectly affected osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment throughout the world. Methods This mini-review summarizes the available evidence regarding the effects of COVID-19, its treatment, and the consequences of the pandemic itself on bone health. Additionally, we review evidence and expert recommendations regarding putative effects of osteoporosis medications on COVID-19 outcomes and vaccine efficacy and summarize recommendations for continuation of osteoporosis treatment during the pandemic. Results The use of standard screening procedures to assess for osteoporosis and fracture risk declined dramatically early in the pandemic, while rates of fragility fractures were largely unchanged. COVID-19, its treatments, and public health measures to prevent viral spread are each likely to negatively affect bone health. Osteoporosis treatments are not known to increase risk of adverse events from COVID-19, and pre-clinical data suggests possible beneficial effects of some therapies. Vitamin D deficiency is clearly associated with adverse outcomes from COVID-19, but it remains unclear whether vitamin D supplementation may improve outcomes. Osteoporosis treatment should be continued whenever possible, and recommendations for substituting therapies, if required, are available. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has decreased screening and disrupted treatment for osteoporosis. Osteoporosis medications are safe and effective during the pandemic and should be continued whenever possible. Further studies are needed to fully understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term bone health.

scholarly journals Role of vitamin D supplementation for prevention and control of covid-19: A review article

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-248
Author(s):  
Dr. Harsh Vardhan Chawla ◽  
Dr. Nikita Singh ◽  
Dr. Arun Kumar ◽  
Dr. Sangeeta Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Review Article ◽  
And Control

The role of vitamin D in metabolic and reproductive disturbances of polycystic ovary syndrome: A narrative mini-review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniela Menichini ◽  
Gianpiero Forte ◽  
Beatrice Orrù ◽  
Giuseppe Gullo ◽  
Vittorio Unfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Beneficial Role

Abstract. Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that plays a pivotal role in several metabolic and reproductive pathways in humans. Increasing evidence supports the role of vitamin D deficiency in metabolic disturbances and infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Indeed, supplementation with vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on insulin resistance and endometrial receptivity. On the other hand, exceedingly high levels of vitamin D appear to play a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. In the current review, we summarize the available evidence about the topic, aiming to suggest the best supplementation strategy in women with PCOS or, more generally, in those with metabolic disturbances and infertility. Based on the retrieved data, vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on IR, insulin sensitivity and endometrial receptivity, but high levels and incorrect timing of administration seem to have a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. Therefore, we encourage a low dose supplementation (400–800 IU/day) particularly in vitamin D deficient women that present metabolic disturbances like PCOS. As far as the reproductive health, we advise vitamin D supplementation in selected populations, only during specific moments of the ovarian cycle, to support the luteal phase. However, ambiguities about dosage and timing of the supplementation still emerge from the clinical studies published to date and further studies are required.

Vitamin D supplementation for 12 months in older people prevents bone loss and suppresses parathyroid hormone levels

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry J Aspray ◽  
Roger M Francis ◽  
Elaine McColl ◽  
Thomas Chadwick ◽  
Elaine Stamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Older People ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Hormone Levels

Diabetes and osteoporosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (29) ◽  
pp. 1161-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Valkusz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Skeletal Changes ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Bone Quantity

Over the last decades a considerable amount of data has accumulated to indicate that metabolic and endocrine alterations of diabetes affect bone quantity and quality. These skeletal changes may increase the risk of bone fracture. There is strong evidence that in type 1 diabetes the decreased bone mass, lack of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1, dysregulation of adipokines, and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines are in the background of fragility fractures. In type 2 diabetes hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and increased body weight may result in an increase of bone mass; however, accumulation of advanced glycation end products within the bone collagen driven by glucotoxicity may increase the cortical porosity. There is a higher incidence of falls resulting from diabetes-related co-morbidities such as diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, hypoglycemic episodes and sometimes from the medications. Vitamin D deficiency has special impact on glucose metabolism and the prevalence of diabetes. Vitamin D supplementation in childhood can decrease incidence of type 1 diabetes by 80%. The effect of thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists and metformin, agents for treatment of diabetes open a new connection between bone, carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1161–1166.

The Renal Outer Medullary Potassium Channel (ROMK): An Intriguing Pharmacological Target for an Innovative Class of Diuretic Drugs

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 2627-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Calderone ◽  
Alma Martelli ◽  
Eugenia Piragine ◽  
Valentina Citi ◽  
Lara Testai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
First Line ◽  
Potassium Homeostasis ◽  
Diuretic Drugs ◽  
Pharmacological Target ◽  
Diuretic Agents ◽  
Effective Drugs

In the last four decades, the several classes of diuretics, currently available for clinical use, have been the first line option for the therapy of widespread cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases. Diuretic drugs generally exhibit an overall favourable risk/benefit balance. However, they are not devoid of side effects. In particular, all the classes of diuretics cause alteration of potassium homeostasis. <p> In recent years, understanding of the physiological role of the renal outer medullary potassium (ROMK) channels, has shown an intriguing pharmacological target for developing an innovative class of diuretic agents: the ROMK inhibitors. This novel class is expected to promote diuretic activity comparable to (or even higher than) that provided by the most effective drugs used in clinics (such as furosemide), with limited effects on potassium homeostasis. <p> In this review, the physio-pharmacological roles of ROMK channels in the renal function are reported, along with the most representative molecules which have been currently developed as ROMK inhibitors.

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