scholarly journals Role of vitamin D supplementation for prevention and control of covid-19: A review article

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-248
Author(s):  
Dr. Harsh Vardhan Chawla ◽  
Dr. Nikita Singh ◽  
Dr. Arun Kumar ◽  
Dr. Sangeeta Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Review Article ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Is Vitamin D Deficiency a New Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease?

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Ribeiro Mandarino ◽  
Francisco das Chagas Monteiro Júnior ◽  
João Victor Leal Salgado ◽  
Joyce Santos Lages ◽  
Natalino Salgado Filho
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
And Control

The role of vitamin D in the regulation of bone metabolism has been well established. However, in recent years, many studies have demonstrated that its role extends far beyond bone health. Growing evidence has shown a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. The mechanisms by which vitamin D exerts its cardiovascular protective effects are still not completely understood, but there is evidence that it participates in the regulation of renin-angiotensin system and the mechanisms of insulin sensitivity and activity of inflammatory cytokines, besides its direct cardiovascular actions. In this review, several studies linking vitamin D deficiency with cardiometabolic risk as well as small randomized trials that have evaluated the cardiovascular effects of its supplementation are presented. However, large randomized placebo-controlled studies are still needed before we can definitively establish the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease.

Vitamin D in older people

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian C Logan ◽  
Miles D Witham
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Older People ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Clinical Use

Vitamin D has been known to play a key role in calcium homeostasis and bone health for almost a century. Its main current clinical use is as an agent to prevent osteomalacia and reduce fragility fractures in older people. Vitamin D may however play a wider physiological role, with effects on cancer prevention, cardiovascular health and immune function. This review article will outline the physiological role of vitamin D, the disease processes that have been associated with insufficiency and examine whether vitamin D supplementation can ameliorate these disease processes in older people.

The role of vitamin D in metabolic and reproductive disturbances of polycystic ovary syndrome: A narrative mini-review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniela Menichini ◽  
Gianpiero Forte ◽  
Beatrice Orrù ◽  
Giuseppe Gullo ◽  
Vittorio Unfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Beneficial Role

Abstract. Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that plays a pivotal role in several metabolic and reproductive pathways in humans. Increasing evidence supports the role of vitamin D deficiency in metabolic disturbances and infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Indeed, supplementation with vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on insulin resistance and endometrial receptivity. On the other hand, exceedingly high levels of vitamin D appear to play a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. In the current review, we summarize the available evidence about the topic, aiming to suggest the best supplementation strategy in women with PCOS or, more generally, in those with metabolic disturbances and infertility. Based on the retrieved data, vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on IR, insulin sensitivity and endometrial receptivity, but high levels and incorrect timing of administration seem to have a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. Therefore, we encourage a low dose supplementation (400–800 IU/day) particularly in vitamin D deficient women that present metabolic disturbances like PCOS. As far as the reproductive health, we advise vitamin D supplementation in selected populations, only during specific moments of the ovarian cycle, to support the luteal phase. However, ambiguities about dosage and timing of the supplementation still emerge from the clinical studies published to date and further studies are required.

scholarly journals Considerations for and Mechanisms of Adjunct Therapy in COPD

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Rachana Mandru ◽  
Christine Y. Zhou ◽  
Rachel Pauley ◽  
Robert M. Burkes
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotics ◽  
Oral Corticosteroids ◽  
Expert Recommendations

Inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids, when indicated, form the backbone of COPD therapy. However, over the last decade there has been an emergence of adjunct therapies in oral or inhaled form that are now part of the therapeutic approach to COPD. While these therapies have shown to be beneficial when used in the appropriate instances, there are particular considerations that need to be minded when using these therapies. This review article discussed the mechanism of roflumilast, macrolide antibiotics, other chronic antibiotic regimens, vitamin D supplementation, oral corticosteroids, n-acetylcysteine, and nebulized hypertonic saline, the clinical data behind each of these therapies, adverse events associated with therapy, and the expert recommendations for their utilization. Our goal is to provide a brief but informative and clinically useful review of commonly encountered therapies used in advanced COPD.

scholarly journals Does vitamin D supplementation prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in military personnel? Review of the evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001686
Author(s):  
Iain T Parsons ◽  
R M Gifford ◽  
M J Stacey ◽  
L E Lamb ◽  
M K O'Shea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Military Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Military Populations ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Recruit Training

For most individuals residing in Northwestern Europe, maintaining replete vitamin D status throughout the year is unlikely without vitamin D supplementation and deficiency remains common. Military studies have investigated the association with vitamin D status, and subsequent supplementation, with the risk of stress fractures particularly during recruit training. The expression of nuclear vitamin D receptors and vitamin D metabolic enzymes in immune cells additionally provides a rationale for the potential role of vitamin D in maintaining immune homeostasis. One particular area of interest has been in the prevention of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). The aims of this review were to consider the evidence of vitamin D supplementation in military populations in the prevention of ARTIs, including SARS-CoV-2 infection and consequent COVID-19 illness. The occupational/organisational importance of reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2, especially where infected young adults may be asymptomatic, presymptomatic or paucisymptomatic, is also discussed.

scholarly journals Vitamin D supplementation, COVID-19 and disease severity: a meta-analysis

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Shah ◽  
D Saxena ◽  
D Mavalankar
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Objective: Current meta-analysis aims to understand the effect of oral supplementation of vitamin D on intensive care unit (ICU) requirement and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: Databases PubMed, preprint servers, and google scholar were searched from December 2019 to December 2020. Authors searched for the articles assessing role of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19. Cochrane RevMan tool was used for quantitative assessment of the data, where heterogeneity was assessed using I2 and Q statistics and data was expressed using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Results: Final meta-analysis involved pooled data of 532 hospitalized patients (189 on vitamin D supplementation and 343 on usual care/placebo) of COVID-19 from three studies (Two randomized controlled trials, one retrospective case-control study). Statistically (p<0.0001) lower ICU requirement was observed in patients with vitamin D supplementation as compared to patients without supplementations (odds ratio: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.210-0.626). However, it suffered from significant heterogeneity, which reduced after sensitivity analysis. In case of mortality, vitamin D supplements has comparable findings with placebo treatment/usual care (odds ratio: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.413-2.113; p=0.87). The studies did not show any publication bias and had fair quality score. Subgroup analysis could not be performed due to limited number of studies and hence dose and duration dependent effect of vitamin D could not be evaluated. Conclusions: Although the current meta-analysis findings indicate potential role of vitamin D in improving COVID-19 severity in hospitalized patients, more robust data from randomized controlled trials are needed to substantiate its effects on mortality.

scholarly journals Design and Main Results of STURDY: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Four Vitamin D3 Doses to Prevent Falls in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 759-759
Author(s):  
Lawrence Appel ◽  
Jennifer Schrack ◽  
Erin Michos ◽  
Christine Mitchell ◽  
Stephen Juraschek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Dose Finding ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Event Rates ◽  
And Control

Abstract STURDY was a Bayesian, response-adaptive trial with dose-finding and confirmatory stages. Participants (n=688; ≥70years with serum 25(OH)D of 10-29ng/mL) were randomized to 200 (control), 1000, 2000, or 4000 IU/day of vitamin D3. The primary outcome was time to first fall or death over 2 years. During dose-finding, the best non-control dose was determined to be 1000IU/day based on higher primary outcome event rates in the 2000 and 4000IU/day doses than the 1000IU/day dose (posterior probability of being best dose=0.90; hazard ratios[HR] were 1.86 [95%CI: 1.16-2.97] and 1.68 [95%CI: 1.05-2.69], respectively). Participants were then switched from other non-control doses to 1000IU/day, and event rates did not differ between the pooled higher doses and control groups (HR=1.02, P=0.84). There was no heterogeneity by baseline 25(OHD). In conclusion, high-dose vitamin D supplementation ≥1000IU/day did not prevent falls. Whether vitamin D doses >2000IU/day increase the risk of falls is uncertain.

scholarly journals Using genetic variants to evaluate the causal effect of serum vitamin D concentration on COVID-19 susceptibility, severity and hospitalization traits: a Mendelian randomization study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Cui ◽  
Yun Tian
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Global Test ◽  
Serum Vitamin D

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has struck globally and is exerting a devastating toll on humans. The pandemic has led to calls for widespread vitamin D supplementation in public. However, evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in the COVID-19 pandemic remains controversial. Methods We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to analyze the causal effect of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration on COVID-19 susceptibility, severity and hospitalization traits by using summary-level GWAS data. The causal associations were estimated with inverse variance weighted (IVW) with fixed effects (IVW-fixed) and random effects (IVW-random), MR-Egger, weighted edian and MR Robust Adjusted Profile Score (MR.RAPS) methods. We further applied the MR Steiger filtering method, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) global test and PhenoScanner tool to check and remove single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were horizontally pleiotropic. Results We found no evidence to support the causal associations between the serum 25(OH)D concentration and the risk of COVID-19 susceptibility [IVW-fixed: odds ratio (OR) = 0.9049, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8197–0.9988, p = 0.0473], severity (IVW-fixed: OR = 1.0298, 95% CI 0.7699–1.3775, p = 0.8432) and hospitalized traits (IVW-fixed: OR = 1.0713, 95% CI 0.8819–1.3013, p = 0.4878) using outlier removed sets at a Bonferroni-corrected p threshold of 0.0167. Sensitivity analyses did not reveal any sign of horizontal pleiotropy. Conclusions Our MR analysis provided precise evidence that genetically lowered serum 25(OH)D concentrations were not causally associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, severity or hospitalized traits. Our study did not provide evidence assessing the role of vitamin D supplementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. High-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary to explore and define the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

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