The ageing cardiovascular system

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Bolton ◽  
Chakravarthi Rajkumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Ageing Processes ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
The Uk

SummaryThe increase in the ageing population has generated much interest and research into what constitutes normal ageing. By identifying normal ageing processes it is hoped it will be possible to distinguish risk factors for the development of abnormal or premature ageing.This review discusses biological, structural and mechanical changes in the cardiovascular system with ageing that are thought to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease with ageing. Contributory factors are thought to be genetic and lifestyle related. Measurements of biological as opposed to chronological ageing such as vascular stiffness are explored as a possible useful predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, indicating its possible utilization as a non-invasive screening tool in older people.The identification of those at risk of cardiovascular disease and modification of risk factors may minimize interactions of the ageing process and therefore reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease within the UK population.

IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS ROLE IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-783
Author(s):  
Victor A. Ognev ◽  
Anna A. Podpriadova ◽  
Anna V. Lisova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
The Impact

Introduction:The high level of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease is largely due toinsufficient influence on the main risk factors that contribute to the development of myocardial infarction.Therefore, a detailed study and assessment of risk factors is among the most important problems of medical and social importance. The aim: To study and evaluate the impact of biological, social and hygienic, social and economic, psychological, natural and climatic risk factors on the development of myocardial infarction. Materials and methods: A sociological survey was conducted in 500 people aged 34 to 85. They were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 310 patients with myocardial infarction. The control group consisted of 190 practically healthy people, identical by age, gender and other parameters, without diseases of the cardiovascular system. Results: It was defined that 30 factors have a significant impact on the development of myocardial infarction.Data analysis revealed that the leading risk factors for myocardial infarction were biological and socio-hygienic. The main biological factors were: hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The man socio-hygienic factor was smoking. Conclusions: Identification of risk factors provides new opportunities for the development of more effective approaches for the prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction.

Normal ageing and the brain

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
CS Breathnach
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Cell Shrinkage ◽  
Ageing Processes ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ageing Brain ◽  
The Brain

AbstractInterest in the psychiatric aspects of old age predated the institution of geriatrics as a clinical discipline, but the systematic study of the ageing brain only began in the second half of this century when an ageing population presented a global numerical challenge to society. In the senescent cerebral cortex, though the number of neurons is not reduced, cell shrinkage results in synaptic impoverishment with consequent cognitive impairment. Recent advances in imaging techniques, combined with burgeoning knowledge of neurobiological structure and function, have increased our understanding of the ageing processes in the human brain and permit an optimistic approach in the application of the newer insights into neuropsychology and geriatric psychiatry.

Waist-to-height ratio as a screening tool for children with risk factors for cardiovascular disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Dal Bó Campagnolo ◽  
Daniel J. Hoffman ◽  
Márcia Regina Vitolo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Heart Failure Stages in Middle‐Aged Black People in the Community: Prevalence and Prognosis in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramachandran S. Vasan ◽  
Solomon K. Musani ◽  
Kunihiro Matsushita ◽  
Walter Beard ◽  
Olushola B. Obafemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk

Background Black individuals have a higher burden of risk factors for heart failure (HF) and subclinical left ventricular remodeling. Methods and Results We evaluated 1871 Black participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study cohort who attended a routine examination (1993–1996, median age 58 years) when they underwent echocardiography. We estimated the prevalences of 4 HF stages: (1) Stage 0 : no risk factors; (2) Stage A : presence of HF risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease without clinical myocardial infarction), no cardiac structural/functional abnormality; (3) Stage B : presence of prior myocardial infarction, systolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, regional wall motion abnormality, or left ventricular enlargement; and (4) Stage C/D : prevalent HF. We assessed the incidence of clinical HF, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events, and all‐cause mortality on follow‐up according to HF stage. The prevalence of HF Stages 0, A, B, and C/D were 3.8%, 20.6%, 67.0%, and 8.6%, respectively, at baseline. On follow‐up (median 19.0 years), 309 participants developed overt HF, 390 incurred new‐onset cardiovascular disease events, and 651 individuals died. Incidence rates per 1000 person‐years for overt HF, cardiovascular disease events, and death, respectively, were Stage 0, 2.4, 0.8, and 7.6; Stage A, 7.4, 9.7, and 13.5; Stage B 13.6, 15.9, and 22.0. Stage B HF was associated with a 1.5‐ to 2‐fold increased adjusted risk of HF, cardiovascular disease events and death compared with Stages 0/A. Conclusions In our large community‐based sample of Black individuals, we observed a strikingly high prevalence of Stage B HF in middle age that was a marker of high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Abstract 360: Neighborhood-level Poverty and Incident Atrial Fibrillation: Analysis of Electronic Health Records From 2005-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Utibe R Essien ◽  
Megan McCabe ◽  
Sadiya S Khan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Neighborhood Poverty ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Disparities in AF outcomes have been related to individual-level social determinants of health, including race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. While neighborhood-level factors, such as poverty, have been related to prevalence of key risk factors (e.g. obesity, hypertension), the association between neighborhood poverty and incident AF has not been previously examined. Methods: Using the Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse, we identified adults free of cardiovascular disease, with at least 5 years of follow-up from January 1, 2005 - December 31, 2013. Residential addresses were geocoded and matched to census tract level poverty estimates from the American Community Survey. Neighborhood poverty was defined as the proportion of residents in the census tract living below the US-defined poverty threshold. We categorized neighborhood poverty levels into tertiles. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to examine the association between tertiles of neighborhood poverty and incident AF, adjusting for demographic (age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance type) and AF risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, obesity and smoking status). Results: The cohort comprised 29,069 adults with a mean (SD) age of 51.4 (11.3) years, which included 58% women and 10% non-Hispanic Blacks. Higher rates of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking were observed in higher poverty groups. Approximately, 3.4% of patients developed incident AF over a follow-up of 5 years. The adjusted odds of incident AF were higher for the medium poverty compared to the low poverty group (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.30 (95% CI 1.05-1.56). The aOR of incident AF was similarly higher in the high poverty compared to low poverty group though not statistically significant (Table). Conclusions: In a cohort of adults free of cardiovascular disease at baseline, we found that residence in a more deprived neighborhood was associated with higher rates of incident AF, even after adjustment for traditional risk factors. Understanding how neighborhood and individual-level clinical factors interact to increase the incidence of AF is critical to developing equitable prevention strategies in this increasingly common condition.

The ageing population

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Zein Toukan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older People ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

The UK is undergoing a significant demographic change, due to a steadily ageing population. By 2040 nearly one-in-four people will be aged 65 years or over. This will have several implications for the individual, society, the healthcare system and the economy. This article aims to highlight some of the risk factors that contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in older people and to outline strategies aimed at reducing ill health and disability.

scholarly journals Whole almond consumption is associated with better diet quality and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the UK adult population: National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008–2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Dikariyanto ◽  
Sarah E. Berry ◽  
Lucy Francis ◽  
Leanne Smith ◽  
Wendy L. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Diet Score

Abstract Purpose  This work aimed to estimate whole almond consumption in a nationally representative UK survey population and examine associations with diet quality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods  Four-day food record data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008–2017 (n = 6802, age ≥ 19 year) were analyzed to investigate associations between whole almond consumption and diet quality, measured by the modified Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and modified Healthy Diet Score (HDS), and CVD risk markers, using survey-adjusted multivariable linear regression. Results  Whole almond consumption was reported in 7.6% of the population. Median intake in whole almond consumers was 5.0 g/day (IQR 9.3). Consumers had higher diet quality scores relative to non-consumers; higher intakes of protein, total fat, monounsaturated, n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fats, fiber, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and iron; and lower intakes of trans-fatty acids, total carbohydrate, sugar, and sodium. BMI and WC were lower in whole almond consumers compared to non-consumers: 25.5 kg/m2 (95% CI 24.9, 26.2) vs 26.3 kg/m2 (25.9, 26.7), and 88.0 cm (86.2, 89.8) vs 90.1 cm (89.1, 91.2), respectively. However, there were no dose-related fully adjusted significant associations between increasing almond intake (g per 1000 kcal energy intake) and lower CVD risk markers. Conclusions  Almond intake is low in the UK population, but consumption was associated with better dietary quality and lower CVD risk factors. Habitual consumption of whole almonds should be encouraged as part of a healthy diet.

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