Breeding and mortality of Oriental White-backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis in Punjab Province, Pakistan

Populations of Oriental White-backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis and Long-billed Vulture G. indicus declined in India between the mid 1980s and late 1990s. Regional reports from India described declines of 95–100% across a wide area. This study was conducted to investigate the breeding success and pattern of mortality in two vulture colonies (Dholewala and Changa Manga) within Punjab Province, Pakistan between December 2000 and June 2001. Breeding success was found to be 62% in Dholewala and 59% in Changa Manga. A total of 668 sick and dead vultures were collected of which 591 were less than one month post mortem. No significant variation was found in the weekly mortality rate of adult and subadult vultures during the study period spanning winter through summer. A peak in mortality rate was observed during late April and early May that corresponded to mortality of newly fledged juveniles. Minimum annual mortality rate in the adult breeding population was calculated to be 11.4% and 18.6% in Dholewala and Changa Manga respectively. In a subsample of dead vultures (n = 185) visceral gout was found in 80% of adults, 63% of subadults, 19% of juveniles and 13% of nestlings. These mortality rates were consistent with a rapid population decline. Results imply that the mortality factor responsible for the decline in Gyps vultures described in India is also present in Pakistan and will potentially lead to a population decline of a comparable magnitude.

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Abstract P261: Intensive Systolic Blood Pressure Lowering Will Prevent Over 100,000 Deaths Annually

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.68.suppl_1.p261 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Holly Kramer ◽

Adam Bress ◽

Srinivasan Beddhu ◽

Paul Muntner ◽

Richard S Cooper

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Blood Pressure Lowering ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Pressure Lowering ◽

Annual Mortality ◽

The U.S

Background: The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) trial randomized 9,361 adults aged ≥50 years at high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk without diabetes or stroke to intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering (≤120 mmHg) or standard SBP lowering (≤140 mmHg). After a median follow up of 3.26 years, all-cause mortality was 27% (95% CI 40%, 10%) lower with intensive SBP lowering. We estimated the potential number of prevented deaths with intensive SBP lowering in the U.S. population meeting SPRINT criteria. Methods: SPRINT eligibility criteria were applied to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006, a representative survey of the U.S. population, linked with the mortality data through December 2011. Eligibility included (1) age ≥50 years with (2) SBP 130-180 mmHg depending on number of antihypertensive classes being taken, and (3) presence of ≥1 CVD risk conditions (history of coronary heart disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 20 to 59 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , 10-year Framingham risk score ≥15%, or age ≥75 years). Adults with diabetes, stroke history, >1 g/day proteinuria, heart failure, on dialysis, or eGFR<20 ml/min/1.73m 2 were excluded. Annual mortality rates for adults meeting SPRINT criteria were calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods and the expected reduction in mortality rates with intensive SBP lowering in SPRINT was used to determine the number of potential deaths prevented. Analyses accounted for the complex survey design. Results: An estimated 18.1 million U.S. adults met SPRINT criteria with 7.4 million taking blood pressure lowering medications. The mean age was 68.6 years and 83.2% and 7.4% were non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black, respectively. The annual mortality rate was 2.2% (95% CI 1.9%, 2.5%) and intensive SBP lowering was projected to prevent 107,453 deaths per year (95% CI 45,374 to 139,490). Among adults with SBP ≥145 mmHg, the annual mortality rate was 2.5% (95% CI 2.1%, 3.0%) and intensive SBP lowering was projected to prevent 60,908 deaths per year (95% CI 26, 455 to 76, 792). Conclusions: We project intensive SBP lowering could prevent over 100,000 deaths per year of intensive treatment.

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Analysis of mortality from diarrheic diseases in under-five children in Brazilian cities with more than 150,000 inhabitants

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2009000500016 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 1093-1102 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Juraci Vieira Sergio ◽

Antônio Carlos Ponce de Leon

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Time Trends ◽

Sharp Decrease ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

The North ◽

Indicator Variables ◽

Before And After ◽

Geographic Regions ◽

Annual Mortality ◽

Children Under 5

This study analyzes mortality from infectious diarrheic diseases in children under 5 years of age in Brazilian municipalities with more than 150,000 inhabitants, excluding State capitals. The annual mortality rates by municipality from 1990 to 2000 were analyzed using a multilevel model, with years as first level units nested in municipalities as second level units. The dependent variable was the yearly mortality rate by municipality, on the log scale. Polynomial time trends and indicator variables to account for differences in geographic regions were used in the modeling. Time trends were centered on 1995, so they could be modeled differently before and after 1995. From 1990 to 1995 there was a sharp decrease in mortality rates by diarrheic diseases in most Brazilian municipalities, while from 1995 to 2000 the decrease was more heterogeneous. In 1995 the North and Northeast of Brazil had higher mortality rates than the Southeast, and the differences were statistically significant. Most importantly, the study concludes that there was an important difference in the pattern of mortality rate decreases over time, comparing the country's five geographic regions.

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A csípőtáji törések hazai ellátásának elemzése a 2004–2009 közötti időszakban

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/650.2016.30560 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 157 (41) ◽

pp. 1642-1648

Author(s):

István Flóris ◽

Éva Belicza

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Femoral Fractures ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Hospital Treatment ◽

Proximal Femoral Fractures ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Fracture Group ◽

Annual Mortality

Introduction: Proximal femoral fractures with severe outcome are most common in the increasing group of elderly patients. Aim: Based on the regular data gathered by the EuroHOPE research, the most important aspects and results of the treatment of proximal femoral fractures were studied. Method: Data of hospital admissions due to proximal femoral fractures were analyzed. Results: There was a slight increase in the number of hospitalized patients between 2004 and 2009 in Hungary. 88% of the patients received operative treatment, 41% suffered femoral neck fractures. Mortality rates did not change significantly in the analyzed period. Standardized annual mortality rates for patients who had suffered a femoral neck fracture were 28% when prosthesis was implanted; this result was somewhat more favorable than in case of other surgical procedures. Annual mortality rates were higher in the peritrochanteric fracture group where intramedullary nailing was performed (36%). The ratio of operated patients did not differ significantly from international results. Mortality rates in Hungary were significantly less favorable. 30 day standardized mortality rate was 13.6% in 2008, twice as high as the rate in Finland, The Netherlands, Norway, Scotland and Sweden. The 40% mortality rate calculated for 365 days was significantly higher than international results. Conclusion: To define the measures needed to improve results, systematic analysis of both in-hospital treatment protocols, and follow-up treatment is necessary. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(41), 1642–1648.

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Estimations of Ocean Mortality Rates for Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus)

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f62-037 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 561-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Robert R. Parker

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Sockeye Salmon ◽

Pacific Salmon ◽

Pink Salmon ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Mortality Factor ◽

Sampling Errors ◽

Instantaneous Rate ◽

Factor C

A conceptual model representing natural marine mortality rates of Pacific salmon is developed. Ocean mortality rate (q) is taken as the base to which coastal mortality rates of juveniles (c) and of adults (k) are additive factors. The effect of marking is taken as a multiplicative factor (m) of the instantaneous rate (i) where i = q + c + k. Together with time these values are incorporated into the balanced equation[Formula: see text]where N0 denotes the population entering the sea and R1, R2, R3 denote the returns at succeeding times of maturity. The locus of c + k = f(q) is used to graphically depict all possible combinations of c + k and q within the limits [q, c + k = 0]. Intersections of loci are taken as estimates of values of q and c + k which satisfy two sets of data. Available data for sockeye salmon (O. nerka) from Cultus Lake, Chilko Lake and Hooknose Creek, British Columbia, Karluk River and Bare Lake, Alaska, and Dalnee River, Kamchatka, pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) and chum salmon (O. keta) from Hooknose Creek, chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) from the coast of Southeast Alaska and coho (O. kisutch) from the Eel River, California, are utilized. It is concluded that ocean mortality is relatively constant, of the order of magnitude q = 0. 32 or S = 73% annually. A juvenile coastal mortality factor (c) apparently exists and is characteristic of the species and race through the media of size of migrants, time spent in the costal area, and geography. An adult coastal factor (k) may exist but is of negligible influence on the total mortality rate. While the data utilized collectively may be considered as extensive, serious defects in sampling errors and undefined variability were encountered. It is doubted that mortality rates can be more accurately defined from any repetition of experiments used, hence a more direct approach is indicated for solution of this problem.

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Temporal trends in female breast cancer mortality in a state in Legal Amazon

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1331 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

J C S Oliveira ◽

N D Galvão ◽

B S N Souza ◽

A M C S Andrade ◽

J F Cabral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Breast Cancer Mortality ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Female Breast Cancer ◽

Age Group ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Annual Mortality

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the fifth most common cause of death from cancer in women worldwide. In Brazil, mortality rates are increasing. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze breast cancer mortality between 2000 and 2018 in Mato Grosso, a Brazilian state in Legal Amazon. Methods Ecological study analyzing temporal trends. Data were extracted from the Mortality Information System. The selected variables were: sex (female), cause of death (C-50, in the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases - ICD 10), age (less than 50 years-old, equal or older than 50 years-old) and year of death (2000-2018). Resident population data were obtained from the Ministry of Health's database (DATASUS) for calculation of breast cancer annual mortality rates. Temporal trends were estimated using linear regression. All analyses were done in the STATA 14.0. Results Between 2000 and 2018, 2,276 deaths from breast cancer were registered in women. Of these, 756 (33.2%) in the youngest age group and 1,520 (66.8%) in the oldest age group. A statistically significant increase in breast cancer mortality was found for both age groups (p < 0.001). In the annual mortality rates analysis, women in the youngest age group had the lowest rate in 2003 (1.98 deaths/100,000 women) and the highest rate in 2018 (7.88 deaths/100,000 women). The oldest age group had the lowest mortality rate in 2000 (21.48 death/100,000 women) and the highest rate in 2017 (47.09 deaths/100,000). The mean mortality rate was 5.69 for the youngest age group and 33.19 for the oldest age group. The annual percentage of change was 33.31 for the youngest group and 62.49 for the oldest group. Conclusions There is a statistically significant increase in female breast cancer mortality rate in Mato Grosso, one of the Brazilian states in Legal Amazon. It is imperative to invest in breast cancer screening to enable the reduction of the mortality rate of the disease. Key messages Our study presents information of breast cancer in a state from Legal Amazon that has increased death rates by the years 2000 to 2018. Besides breast cancer is relevant in Brazil, this is the first analysis from this specific data, potential to support improvement in disease control.

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Changes in scale and bark stem surface injuries and mortality rates of a saguaro cacti (Carnegiea gigantea, Cactaceae) population in Tucson Mountain Park

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b05-005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

pp. 311-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lance S Evans ◽

April Jan B. Young ◽

Sr. Joan Harnett

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Carnegiea Gigantea ◽

Field Plots ◽

Annual Mortality

Rates that stem surfaces of saguaro cacti (Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britt & Rose) accumulate scale and bark injuries and the mortality rates of cacti were determined on a population of 1149 saguaro cacti in 50 field plots over the 9-year period of study (from 19931994 until 2002). Twenty-three percent of the saguaro population had few surface injuries throughout the 9-year period while 27% showed a marked increase in stem area with scale and bark injuries. Thirty percent of all cacti had more than 80% stem areas with combined scale and bark injuries on south-facing stem surfaces throughout the study period. Finally, 20.3% of the saguaro population died over the 9-year period, a rate of 2.3% per year. Thirty-three percent of all cacti that died by 2002 exhibited few surface injuries in 19931994 while 54% of the cacti that died over the period had more than 98% stem areas with combined scale and bark on south-facing stem surfaces in 19931994. In this manner, stem scale and bark injuries on south-facing surfaces were usually associated with the death of saguaros. The annual mortality rate of 2.3% appears high considering that this species may live for more than 200 years.Key words: saguaros, Carnegiea gigantea, Cactaceae, stem areas with scale and bark injuries, mortality rates.

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Mortality and recruitment of trees in a secondary montane rain forest in Southeastern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842003000100007 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 47-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

E. P. C. Gomes ◽

W. Mantovani ◽

P. Y. Kageyama

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Rain Forest ◽

Population Decline ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Montane Rain Forest ◽

Breast Height ◽

Species Dynamics ◽

Partial Shade ◽

Slow Growing

Mortality and recruitment rates were obtained for tree species over a 5.6 year period in a 1-ha fragment of secondary montane rain forest in Southeastern Brazil. All plants with a diameter at breast height (dbh) > 8 cm were sampled in 1989-1990 and 1995. There was an increase from 90 to 96 species, and 669 ind./ha to 749 ind./ha over the period. The mortality rate of 1.67%/yr was similar to findings for other forests, while recruitment of 3.46%/yr was the highest rate reported. Both mortality and recruitment were significantly higher in the smaller dbh classes. Recruitment was higher among rare species, and the relatively slow-growing species had significantly higher mortality rates. Differences between species dynamics were marked. Species with high values of l were mainly early successional and understorey trees but some understorey species also suffered a marked population decline. The classification system of species in response to light which divides understorey species into "partial shade-bearers" and "shade-bearers" groups showed to be the most suitable to the obtained results. The results suggest that this forest is undergoing a process of recovery from past disturbance.

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Initial Report of Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery as Sole Therapy for Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation: Operative and Intermediate-Term Outcome

The Heart Surgery Forum ◽

10.1532/hsf98.20041162 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kevin M. Harris ◽

Avinash Reddy ◽

Dorothee Aepplii ◽

Betsy Wilson ◽

Robert W. Emery

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Mitral Regurgitation ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery ◽

Bypass Surgery ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Off Pump ◽

Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation ◽

Pump Coronary Artery Bypass

Background: Patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (CAB) with coexistent moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) have a significant mortality rate compared to patients without MR. The mortality rate is elevated both perioperatively (0%-12% mortality), as well as over a 1- and 2-year postoperative period (15%-25%). It is thought that some patients are best served by off-pump CAB (OPCAB); however, outcomes have not been reported for such patients with coexistent moderate IMR. Methods: We reviewed the independent database of patients undergoing OPCAB between 1995 and 2002 to find 989 patients, 17 (1.7%) of whom had moderate or moderately severe MR. Patients were contacted and clinical and echocardiographic data were obtained. Results: The patient group consisted of 11 men and 6 women (age, 65 15 years). The study group had a PA pressure of 52 14, creatinine of 1.6 0.7, and left ventricular ejection fraction of 43 18. Nine patients (53%) had advanced New York Heart Association (class III-IV) heart failure. Mortality rates perioperatively and at 1, 2, and 3 years were 0%, 6.25% (1/16), 12.5% (2/16), and 38% (4/8), respectively. At the time of this report, no patient had returned for a reparative procedure. Conclusion: In patients felt to be best served by OPCAB with ischemic MR, operative and intermediate mortality rates are remarkably similar to those previously reported for on-pump series. These data underscore the continued need to understand which patients undergoing CAB require mitral valve problems to be addressed at the time of surgery.

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Effects of some bioinsecticides on the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-020-00346-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alime Bayindir Erol ◽

Oktay Erdoğan ◽

İsmail Karaca

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Active Ingredient ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Tomato Leaf ◽

Tuta Absoluta ◽

Leaf Miner ◽

Verticillium Lecanii ◽

Main Body ◽

Tomato Leaf Miner

Abstract Background In this study, commercial bioinsecticides including entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Verticillium lecanii, and Spinetoram active ingredient insecticide were evaluated against the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvae. Main body The active ingredients were prepared at the recommended concentrations under laboratory conditions and applied to the 2nd instar larvae of T. absoluta by spraying with a hand sprayer. On the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of the application, evaluations were made by counting survived individuals. The findings showed that the highest mortality rates were detected in the case of Spinetoram with 56, 60, 88, and 100% on all counting days of the experiments, respectively. The highest mortality rate among bioinsecticides was recorded for M. anisopliae, with 87% mortality on the 7th day of application. Short conclusion As a result, Spinetoram was found the most effective insecticide when applied to T. absoluta, followed by M. anisopliae.

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Long-Term Exposure to Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rate in Chile during 2020

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7409

Author(s):

Macarena Valdés Salgado ◽

Pamela Smith ◽

Mariel Opazo ◽

Nicolás Huneeus

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Transport Model ◽

Surface Concentration ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Pm2.5 And Pm10

Background: Several countries have documented the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollutants and epidemiological indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as incidence and mortality. This study aims to explore the association between air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and PM10, and the incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 during 2020. Methods: The incidence and mortality rates were estimated using the COVID-19 cases and deaths from the Chilean Ministry of Science, and the population size was obtained from the Chilean Institute of Statistics. A chemistry transport model was used to estimate the annual mean surface concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in a period before the current pandemic. Negative binomial regressions were used to associate the epidemiological information with pollutant concentrations while considering demographic and social confounders. Results: For each microgram per cubic meter, the incidence rate increased by 1.3% regarding PM2.5 and 0.9% regarding PM10. There was no statistically significant relationship between the COVID-19 mortality rate and PM2.5 or PM10. Conclusions: The adjusted regression models showed that the COVID-19 incidence rate was significantly associated with chronic exposure to PM2.5 and PM10, even after adjusting for other variables.

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