scholarly journals Census of Brazilian Merganser Mergus octosetaceus in the region of Serra da Canastra National Park, Brazil, with discussion of its threats and conservation

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVANA REIS LAMAS
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Local People ◽  
Tape Recording ◽  
Potential Threat

The biggest and best-known population of Brazilian Merganser Mergus octosetaceus occurs in the region of Serra da Canastra National Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. However, prior to our study it had been recorded in only six sites in the park and its buffer zone. In 2001 and 2002 we surveyed the region to confirm the occurrence of the Brazilian Merganser in different areas within and outside the park. Samples were taken by walking along the banks of the watercourses, using tape-recording playback. We sampled 49 stretches of streams, and observed Brazilian Mergansers in nine localities, totalling 29 sightings. Taking into consideration the reports by biologists who participated in the fieldwork for the review of the park's management plan, the guaranteed reports of the occurrence of the species from local people, and the sites where its occurrence is judged to be very likely, we believe there are at least 81 individuals in the areas sampled. We point out that the absence of records in an area does not mean the absence of the species. Indeed, the presence of the Brazilian Merganser was confirmed, after the end of our field studies, in some stretches where we indicated its occurrence as very likely but had failed to detect it during the sampling. All anthropogenic activities that influence the quality and integrity of the rivers and their banks are a potential threat to Mergus octosetaceus. Efforts to preserve the species entail the conservation of its habitats, which comprise important watercourses and the surrounding natural vegetation.

Long-term changes in water quality and ecological status of lakes in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone with special reference to effectiveness of the lakes’ protection

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka E. Ławniczak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Protection Strategies

AbstractThis paper evaluates water quality and ecological status of lakes located in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone. Changes in water quality were analyzed from 1974 to 2012 in order to assess the effectiveness of the protection strategies implemented on the studied lakes since 1957, i.e. the date when the park was established. The ecological status of the lakes was assessed with the use of macrophytes as well as hydromorphological and physicochemical analyses performed in 2012. Changes in water quality of the studied lakes within the last 40 years were analyzed based on available published and unpublished data, as well as field studies. All water bodies are characterized by advanced eutrophication. However, evaluation of the ecological status showed good status of the charophyte-dominated lakes, i.e. Lake Wielkowiejskie and Lake Budzyńskie. Lack of significant differences in physicochemical water qualities between the park and its buffer zone indicated that measures implemented to protect the water, particularly in the park, are ineffective. This study shows that more radical conservation measures are necessary to protect and improve the water quality, not only in WPN and its buffer zone but also in the whole catchment area.

A Buffer Zone for Biodiversity Conservation: Viability of the Concept in Nepal's Royal Chitwan National Park

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay K. Nepal ◽  
Karl E. Weber
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local People ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Chitwan National Park

A buffer zone for RCNP is considered an effective means to mitigate and contain the Park–local people conflict. Its creation adjacent to the National Park will enable local people to engage in multiple-use activities that will provide benefits not only to themselves but protect the Park's integrity as well. Except for the much-degraded Barandabar Forest, the other small parcels of forest that exist around the Royal Chitwan National Park are highly inadequate to provide additional wildlife protection and environmental conservation. RCNP does not have any area that, to date, is exclusively designated as a buffer zone. The Barandabar Forest is still envisaged as an additional protection to the Park, although continual grazing, lopping of branches and twigs from trees, and timber extraction, by the local people, have extensively diminished its biological values.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal association of human-elephant conflict around Parsa National Park, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Kurmi ◽  
Narayan Prasad Koju
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Local People ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Raiding Behavior ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Local Farmers

This study was carried to evaluate the Spatio-temporal association of human-elephant conflict (HEC) among five different rural municipalities (Nirmalbasti, Jirabhawani, Sakhuwaparsauni, Parsagadhi, and Paterwasugauli) of Parsa District around Parsa National Park in 2019. Primary data was collected by using questionnaire surveys with victims’ family and local people using random sampling method, key informant interviews with Chief Conservation Officer of Parsa National Park, District Forest Officer, ZSL field official, Chairperson of Batika Buffer Zone User Committee, focus group discussion, and field visit to verify the information. Total six people were killed and one person was survived with severe injury by the elephant attacks between 2013 and 2019 in the study area. Crop raiding was perceived as the most serious conflict from the elephants by local people. People around the national park are mostly farmers with a low level of income. They are mostly dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. Elephants are damaging the crops of the farmers making their livelihood difficult. HEC intensity was highest during the rice harvest season (65%), and at night (83%). Local farmers also reported that the aroma of ripening paddy had an interesting relation with HEC, it was associated with elephants’ crop-raiding behavior. Local farmers did not use any specific traditional mitigation measure but believed that planting unpalatable crops and constructing a solar fence around the national park minimizes HEC and will promote co-existence between people and elephants.

scholarly journals Park-people interaction - Its impact on livelihood and adaptive measures: A case study of Shivapur VDC, Bardiya District, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Narayan Prasad Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Local People ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Village Development Committee

This paper deals with the concept of theoretical and conceptual framework in a research with park-people interaction of Bardiya National Park (BNP) with specific reference to Shivapur Village Development Committee (VDC) of Bardiya district. The local people enter the park illegally and exploit the park resources like fodder, firewood, thatch, etc. They also try to kill wildlife either for food as traditional profession or for money. They frequently encounter with wildlife and get injured; sometimes they are killed. Similarly, wildlife cross the park boundary and destroy the crops and kill the livestock. Villagers also get their shelters and sheds damaged by them. BNP, therefore, has introduced various programmes to keep the conservation intact without disturbing the livelihood of Buffer Zone people. Several efforts, such as construction of Trench, Machan etc. have been made to address the issues associated with park people conflicts. In addition, endowment funds, such as Rahat Kosh, Apatkalin Kosh and Chetipurti Kosh have been established to provide and compensate to the human casualty and property (mainly building) damage.The Park-People interaction is the reality and the need is felt from both sides. Despite ups (harmony) and downs (conflicts) and despite differential use of resources by localities, the interface continues and is likely to continue so long as both these entities exist there. The need is to realize each-others limitations and strengthen their mutual understanding and the benefits.The Geographical Journal of Nepal Vol. 10: 167-180, 2017

scholarly journals Exploring environmental connection: ecological network opportunities in the Shahdagh National Park, Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Emil Akif oghlu Jabrayilov
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Ecological Network ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Ecological Corridors ◽  
Erdas Imagine

The high growth rate of consumption of natural resources by people in the last century have seriously and negatively affected ecosystems and led to the loss of biodiversity. At present, it is important to take the necessary measures to ensure sustainable development and biodiversity conservation. Ecological networks play an important role in maintaining and controlling the stability and balance of communication between ecosystem complexes. For this purpose, the possibility of creating an ecological network that includes core areas, buffer zones, ecological corridors and restoration areas in the section of Shamakhi district of the Shahdagh National Park was explored. The designated buffer zone of the national park includes 14 villages and 1 settlement type administrative unit. Mountainous landscapes predominate in the area, and the absolute height ranges from 500-200 m. Riverbeds, intermountain depression, mountain passes, trails and forests which should be planted in the areas we offer, were considered as main factors during the construction of ecological corridors in the national park and the buffer zones. The materials obtained from the literature and our field studies, also, vector and raster data were used during the site identification. The data was processed in software such as ArcGIS 10, ERDAS Imagine, Global Mapper, Google Earth, etc. Existing ecosystems were identified, and areas were calculated in separate elements of the ecological network in the study area.

scholarly journals Chiropteran diversity in the peripheral areas of the Maduru-Oya National Park in Sri Lanka: insights for conservation and management

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 784 ◽  
pp. 139-162
Author(s):  
Gayan Edirisinghe ◽  
Thilina Surasinghe ◽  
Dinesh Gabadage ◽  
Madhava Botejue ◽  
Kalika Perera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
National Park ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Peripheral Areas

In Sri Lanka, there are 31 species of bats distributed from lowlands to mountains. To document bat diversity and their habitat associations, 58 roosting sites in Maduru-Oya National Park periphery were surveyed. Fifteen bat species were recorded occupying 16 different roosting sites in this area. Among all the species recorded, Rhinolophusrouxii was the most abundant species per roosting site whereas Kerivoulapicta was the least abundant. A road-kill specimen similar to genus Phoniscus was found during the survey, a genus so far only documented in Southeast Asia and Australasia. Although our study area provided habitats for a diverse chiropteran community, the colony size per roost was remarkably low. Although our study area is supposedly a part of the park’s buffer zone, many anthropogenic activities are threatening the bat community: felling large trees, slash-and-burn agriculture, excessive use of agrochemicals, vengeful killing, and subsidized predation. We strongly recommend adoption of wildlife-friendly sustainable land management practices in the buffer zone such as forest gardening, agroforestry (alley cropping, mixed-cropping), and integrated farming. Bat conservation in this region should take a landscape-scale conservation approach which includes Maduru-Oya National Park and other surrounding protected areas into a regional conservation network. Extents of undisturbed wilderness are dramatically declining in Sri Lanka; thus, future conservation efforts must be retrofitted into anthropocentric multiuse landscapes and novel ecosystems like areas surrounding Maduru-Oya National Park.

scholarly journals Cross River National Park and Communities: Is Authoritarian Park Protection the Answer?

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver O. O. Enuoh ◽  
Augustine U. Ogogo
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Park Management ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Bush Meat ◽  
Drawing Board ◽  
Ecological Importance

Cross River National Park (CRNP) is a rainforest biodiversity hotspot and region of species endemism in Nigeria. It has solid minerals, valuable timber, assorted fauna species, rich agricultural lands, medicinal plants and several other plant species that are new to science. The formal establishment of the park in 1991 was anchored on the global ecological importance attached to the region. Instead of implementing the resettlement of enclave communities and a 7 year livelihoods program, as was originally proposed in the park management plan (prepared by WWF and ODNRI in 1989), the park has been concentrating on authoritarian protection as park management strategy. Using a combination of document research, participatory rural appraisal techniques and rural livelihoods survey, the study assesses the effectiveness of authoritarian protection in the midst of economic and ecological contestations in CRNP. Findings reveal that donor partners abandoned CRNP in 1995 without implementing the resettlement and buffer zone livelihoods program. This led to the explosion of commercial bush meat hunting activities in the park (despite authoritarian protection). The paper argues that authoritarian protection alone cannot save biodiversity in CRNP. It presents the perspectives and conservation standpoints of buffer zone communities on the bush meat crisis and how to address it in CRNP. It highlights the need for the creation of arenas for finding common ground on all contentious issues threatening biodiversity conservation in CRNP, the need to revisit the drawing board and donor return, and the present and future dangers facing CRNP if nothing is done.

scholarly journals Depredation and deteriorating condition of Shorea robusta and Terminalia alata in Bardia National Park: an imperative to address park biodiversity sustainably

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
GR Acharya ◽  
B Bhatta ◽  
AR Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Local People ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Resource Needs

The paradigm shift in park management from a fortress mentality to the participatory concept is represented as a major transformation in the conservation discourse in Nepal. The involvement of local people in the management of resources in national parks has been significantly effective in attaining the conservation goals of conserving wildlife without compromising the basic forest resource needs of the local people. Nevertheless, some economically important species have not been afforded due consideration during such management. This study investigates the species composition and regeneration status of Shorea robusta (Sal) and Terminalia alata (Saj) in 4 Buffer Zone community Forests of Bardia National Park in Thakurdwara VDC in 1999/2000, 2002/2003 and 2005. The results reveal that Shorea robusta (Sal) and Terminalia alata (Saj) both constituted a large proportion of species diversity but that their regeneration from seedlings to established stages were low, suggesting vulnerability of this forest and their sustainability at risk due to their dwindling conditions. Immediate management concern of these economically important forest tree species is warranted. Keywords: Biodiversity, national park, shorea robusta, sustainability, terminalia alata   doi: 10.3126/banko.v19i1.2181Banko Janakari, Vol. 19, No. 1, 37-40

scholarly journals Análise temporal do uso e ocupação do terreno do Parque Estadual do Biribiri e de sua Zona de Amortecimento, município de Diamantina, Minas Gerais / Temporal analysis from the land use and occupation of the Biribiri State Park and its Buffer Zone (...)

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (46) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Marcelino Santos Morais
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Time Required

<p>O Parque Estadual do Biribiri, situado no Alto Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, caracteriza-se por aspectos geológicos, morfopedológicos e geoambientais que lhe confere atributos de grande potencialidade econômica, mas também de extrema fragilidade, fato que justificou a sua criação. Tal cenário gerou o o objetivo geral deste trabalho, que é analisar a evolução temporal do uso e ocupação do terreno na área do parque assim como em sua zona de amortecimento. Para fins de metodologia a pesquisa abarcou revisão bibliográfica, o reconhecimento de campo da área do parque e entorno e a realização de mapas de uso e ocupação do terreno no período entre 1991 e 2011 pelo <em>software</em> Multispec a partir de imagens LANDSAT 5 com composição de bandas R5G4B3. A classificação paisagística, constituída por fitofisionomias nativas predominantes na região, foi: Formação Savânica/Florestal Associada; Formação Campestre, Afloramento Rochoso. A classe caracterizada por ação antrópica foi denominada Solo Exposto. Em áreas do parque há uma tendência de estabilização da Formação Campestre e um decréscimo da classe Formação Savânica/Florestal Associada, condicionada ao tempo necessário a sua regeneração, uma vez que as imagens analisadas foram obtidas nas estações mais secas aliadas a recorrência de incêndios florestais. Evidenciou-se uma tendência de estabilização para a classe Solo Exposto. Mesmo em período anterior a criação do parque essa classe apresentou menos de 1% em sua área total. A realidade exposta pela análise temporal do uso e ocupação do terreno discorda das informações desta natureza contida no Plano de Manejo do parque o qual afirma que atividades de cunho tradicional foram fatores determinantes para a perda de qualidade ambiental na área do parque.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Unidades de Conservação. Fitofisionomias do Cerrado. Dinâmica da paisagem.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The Biribiri State Park, located in the Upper Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, is characterized by geological, morphopedological and geoenvironmental features giving it attributes of great economic potential, but also extremely fragile, a fact that justified its creation. This scenario led to aim of this study, which is to analyze the evolution of land use and occupation in the area park as well as its buffer zone. For methodology the purpose encompassed literature review, the recognition of the park and surrounding area of the field and conducting maps of land use and occupation in the period between 1991 and 2011 by Multispec software from Landsat 5 images with composition bands R5G4B3. The landscape classification, consisting of native vegetation types in the region, was: Savanna/Forestry Associate Formation; Campestre Formation, Rocky Outcrop. The class characterized by human action was called Solo Exposed. The park area, for the period 1991/1994, there is a tendency of stabilization of Campestre Formation and a decrease of Savanna/Associated Forest Formation. This reduction is due to the time required for its regeneration since the images analyzed were obtained in the drier seasons combined recurrence of forest fires. The temporal maps showed a trend of stabilization for Exposed Soil class. Even in the period before the creation of the park this category was less than 1% in your area. The reality exposed by temporal analysis of the land use and occupation disagrees with the information in question contained in Management Plan of the Biribiri Park, which states that traditional nature activities were determining factors for the loss of environmental quality in areas of the parks.</p><p class="yiv4393352469msonormal"><strong>Keywords</strong>: Protected Areas. Cerrado vegetation types. Landscape dynamics.</p>

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