scholarly journals The non-breeding distribution of Dupont's Lark Chersophilus duponti in Spain

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO SUÁREZ ◽  
JESÚS T. GARCÍA ◽  
FRANCISCO J. SAMPIETRO ◽  
VICENTE GARZA
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Breeding Distribution ◽  
Partial Migrant ◽  
Dupont’S Lark ◽  
Specific Conservation

In this paper, we analyse the non-breeding distribution of Dupont's Lark, one of Europe's most threatened and least known passerines, using breeding and wintering censuses, published and unpublished records of individuals outside their breeding areas, and data on radio-tagged individuals and field observations. Results suggest that most breeding Dupont's Larks remain around the breeding sites during the non-breeding season, including those populations from areas with harsh winter weather conditions. The probability of winter presence of Dupont's Larks in breeding areas was significantly correlated with population size, but the altitude of the locality studied did not influence winter presence. Records outside breeding areas indicate that part of the population moves some distance after breeding, occupying lower sites and principally those with agrarian substrates. We also found several records far from well-known breeding areas during the breeding period. Our results suggest that Dupont's Lark seems to be a partial migrant, wintering in breeding areas in large numbers (probably the adult fraction of the population) but with some part of the populations moving to other areas. The movements are short-distance in most cases, although medium- and long-distance dispersive movements were also detected. We discuss the implications of these results for the design of specific conservation measures for the species.

scholarly journals Controlling Shipping Along the North European Trade Axis

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-556
Author(s):  
D. J. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Baltic Basin ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
European Trade ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
The Baltic

By the North European Trade Axis is meant the trade route from Ushant and Land's End, up the English Channel, through the Dover Strait fanning out to serve eastern England, the north coast of continental Europe and leading to the Baltic Basin. Recent events in this area have left a feeling that some form of tightening of control is not only desirable, but is rapidly becoming imperative. There is a basic conflict between the two forms of shipping using the area: the local users who use the area more or less constantly, and the long-distance traders, usually much larger, which arrive in the area for a brief stay after a prolonged period at sea, which has usually been in good weather conditions. Frequently these latter ships have a very poor notion of the hornet's nest into which they are steaming when they arrive. The net result is all too often the same: the local users, with familiarity breeding contempt, wander about as they see fit, with scant regard for routing or the regulations; all too often the big ships arrive from sea with navigating staffs who are too confused, sometimes too ignorant—and sometimes too terrified—to do much more than blunder forward in a straight line hoping for the best. Quite obviously this is not a total picture, and there are large numbers of ships which navigate perfectly competently, but the minority of those which do not seem to be rising rapidly, and show every sign of continuing to increase.

scholarly journals Bird number dynamics during the post-breeding period at the Tömörd Bird Ringing Station, western Hungary

The Ring ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-82
Author(s):  
József Gyurácz ◽  
Péter Bánhidi ◽  
József Góczán ◽  
Péter Illés ◽  
Sándor Kalmár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Number Dynamics ◽  
Migration Phenology ◽  
Breeding Migration ◽  
Median Date

Abstract The fieldwork, i.e. catching and ringing birds using mist-nets, was conducted at Tömörd Bird Ringing Station in western Hungary during the post-breeding migration seasons in 1998-2016. Altogether, 106,480 individuals of 133 species were ringed at the station. The aim of this paper was to publish basic information on passerine migration at this site. Migration phenology was described through annual and daily capture frequencies. Furthermore, we provide the median date of the passage, the date of the earliest or latest capture, the peak migration season within the study period, and the countries where the birds monitored at the site were ringed or recovered abroad. To compare the catching dynamics for the fifty species with total captures greater than 200, a reference period was defined: from 5 Aug. to 5 Nov. 2001-2016. Some non-passerines that are more easily caught with mist-nets or that are caught occasionally were listed as well. The two superdominant species, the European Robin and the Eurasian Blackcap, with 14,377 and 13,926 total captures, made up 27% of all ringed individuals. Among the fifty species analysed, there were ten species with a decreasing trend, five species with an increasing trend and thirty-five species with a stable (or uncertain) trend in their numbers from 2001 to 2016. The temporal pattern of migration of long-distance migrants was different from that of the medium- and short-distance migratory species.

scholarly journals Migrating Curlews on Schedule: Departure and Arrival Patterns of a Long-Distance Migrant Depend on Time Rather than on Wind Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Schwemmer ◽  
Moritz Mercker ◽  
Klaus Heinrich Vanselow ◽  
Pierrick Bocher ◽  
Stefan Garthe
Keyword(s):  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Timing Of Migration ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Selection Operator

Abstract Background: Choosing the appropriate time to depart for spring migration is crucial to achieving a successful subsequent breeding season among migratory bird species. We expected Eurasian Curlews (Numenius arquata) to start their migration during favourable weather conditions and to adjust their flight heights to prevailing wind conditions.Methods: We equipped 23 curlews with Global Positioning System data loggers to record the spatio-temporal patterns of their departure from and arrival at their wintering site in the Wadden Sea, as well as the first part of their migration. We obtained data for 42 curlew migrations over a period of 6 years. Departure and arrival dates were related to 73 meteorological and bird-related predictors using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to identify drivers of departure and arrival decisions.Results: Curlews migrated almost exclusively to the western part of Russia for breeding. They left the Wadden Sea mainly during the evening hours from mid- to late April and returned between the end of June and mid-July. There was no difference in departure times between the sexes, but males tended to return from their breeding sites later than females. Flight speeds of the birds increased significantly with increasing tailwind component, suggesting that they timed their migration according to favourable wind conditions. However, curlews left the Wadden Sea during various wind and weather conditions, with significant numbers leaving during headwind conditions, in contrast to the apparent wind-driven start of migration. Curlews migrated at very low altitudes during tailwind conditions, but flew significantly higher during headwind conditions, at altitudes of up to several kilometres. Departure dates varied by <4 days in individual curlews that were tagged over consecutive years. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the start of migration in a long-distance migrant mainly depends on the date and is independent of weather conditions. Given the high repeatability of the departure day among subsequent years, this clearly suggests the existence of an internal clock prompting the start of migration. Further insights into the timing of migration in immatures and closely related birds might help us to understand the genetic mechanisms triggering temporal migration patterns.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis for Mode Choice in a Short-Distance Trip with Personal Rapid Transit

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunmyung Kim ◽  
Haneum Seok ◽  
Soyoung Iris You ◽  
Changju Lee
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Personal Rapid Transit ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Last Mile

Recently, there have been emerging demands for new transportation modes, such as personal rapid transit (PRT), to improve the connectivity of first and last mile travel. Advancement of ICT and growing concerns over environmental issues reinforce such demands through which specific transportation modes can satisfy the need of each individual for short-distance trips. Although PRT has received particular attention for short-distance trips, it is true that recent approaches have been developed to analyze the behavior of travelers for mid- to long-distance trips that are not relevant for short-distance trips. This study proposed a suitable approach using logistic regression models that could assist the understanding of features which determine mode choice in a short-distance trip. The mode choice for PRT in short-distance trips in this study was based on the data from the survey. After considering various factors, it was apparent that the purpose of the trip together with weather conditions impacted significantly on travelers’ mode choices to PRT in short-distance trips. Additionally, it is expected that this study will play an important initial role in analyzing emerging transportation modes that can more easily respond to new demands for short-distance trips.

scholarly journals Differential Response of Migratory Guilds of Birds to Urbanization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Murphy ◽  
David C. Bailey ◽  
Nathanael I. Lichti ◽  
Laura A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Landscape Composition ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Partial Migrant ◽  
Native Tree Species ◽  
Park Area ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Local Habitat

Abstract Species richness and density of native fauna in urban parks and greenspaces (“parks”) is often lower than in surrounding areas. Understanding the causes of these differences requires a hierarchical approach that integrates factors across multiple scales. In 2003 we surveyed bird communities in 48 forested parks in Portland, Oregon, USA, to identify the relative contributions of park size, shape, and connectivity, landscape composition, and variation in local habitat to differences in richness and density of long-distance migrant, short-distance/partial migrant, and resident birds. All surveyed parks contained highly structured understories comprised primarily of native vegetation and lacked development beyond trails. The bird guilds responded differently to environmental factors. Richness and density of long-distance migrants increased with park area and the abundance of small, mostly native, tree species. Resident species richness also increased with the abundance of small trees. Richness of residents and short-distance migrants was independent of park area, and resident density declined with increasing park area. Park shape, connectivity, and landscape composition did not contribute to differences in richness or density of different migratory guilds. Most long-distance migrants were forest-dependent species. An analysis of all forest-dependent species of all migratory guilds suggested that few exist in parks below 10 ha, and minimum area requirements for maintaining populations of forest-dependent species are estimated to be 30 to 40 ha. Without such parks most long-distance migrants would likely disappear from Portland’s landscape.

scholarly journals Abundance of grey seals in Icelandic waters, based on trends of pup-counts from aerial surveys

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlingur Hauksson
Keyword(s):  
Halichoerus Grypus ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Grey Seal ◽  
The West ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
The North ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Breeding Distribution ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Icelandic Waters

Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus Fabricius, 1791) are distributed all around the Icelandic coast. The majority of the population breeds on the west- and northwest shores, with a second high density in the breeding distribution on the southeast coast of Iceland. During the last 5 decades the Icelandic grey seals have dispersed from the west- to the northwest-, the north- and the northeast-coast. The breeding period occurs from the middle of September to early November, with a maximum in mid October. The time of peak pupping shows some variation, beginning earlier along the west coast and later in the north and southeast. Seven aerial surveys to estimate pup production in Iceland were flown during October to November during the period from 1980 to 2004. Pup counts of the Icelandic grey seal, at all breeding sites combined, have been decreasing annually by about 3% (±1% s.e.), during the period 1982-2002. During the period 1990-2002, this downward trend doubled to about 6% annually. The abundance of the grey seal around Iceland in the year 2002 was estimated to be 4,100 to 5,900 animals. This is higher than estimates of around 2,000 animals during the 1960s, but much less than the estimated population of 8,000 to 11,500 in 1982.

scholarly journals Bat activity and bat migration at the elevation above 3,000 m at Hoher Sonnblick massif in the Central Alps, Austria (Chiroptera)

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-242
Author(s):  
Karin Widerin ◽  
Guido Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Nyctalus Leisleri ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Bat Migration ◽  
High Elevations

Recent studies on the presence and activity of bats at high elevations show, surprisingly, that large numbers of bats cross the Alps up to 2,500 m a. s. l. This study takes the next step: to investigate bat activity at an elevation above 3,000 m a. s. l. The main study site was located on the top of Hoher Sonnblick at 3,106 m a. s. l. (Salzburg, Austria). Bat activity was monitored during September and October 2014, and permanently from March to November 2015, with an automated recording device. To compare bat activity at a lower location, a study site at 2,273 m a. s. l. was also monitored from May to October 2015. Contrary to our expectations, we found bats present at 3,106 m from mid-April to mid-September. However, periods of bat activity at these high altitudes were shorter than at lower elevations and were interrupted by longer periods with no activity. Among the recorded species there were all the long-distance migrants in Europe: Nyctalus leisleri, N. noctula, Pipistrellus nathusii and Vespertilio murinus. Eptesicus nilssonii, a predominantly sedentary species, was also recorded on the mountain top as well as Pipistrellus pygmaeus. Bat activity was linked to milder weather conditions. However, we did record bats at wind speeds of up to 12.2 m/s and temperatures as low as –2.1 °C.

scholarly journals K → μ+μ− as a clean probe of short-distance physics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avital Dery ◽  
Mitrajyoti Ghosh ◽  
Yuval Grossman ◽  
Stefan Schacht
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Element ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Final States ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Fundamental Theory ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ckm Matrix ◽  
The Standard Model

Abstract The K → μ+μ− decay is often considered to be uninformative of fundamental theory parameters since the decay is polluted by long-distance hadronic effects. We demonstrate that, using very mild assumptions and utilizing time-dependent interference effects, ℬ(KS → μ+μ−)ℓ=0 can be experimentally determined without the need to separate the ℓ = 0 and ℓ = 1 final states. This quantity is very clean theoretically and can be used to test the Standard Model. In particular, it can be used to extract the CKM matrix element combination $$ \mid {V}_{ts}{V}_{td}\sin \left(\beta +{\beta}_s\right)\mid \approx \mid {A}^2{\lambda}^5\overline{\eta}\mid $$ ∣ V ts V td sin β + β s ∣ ≈ ∣ A 2 λ 5 η ¯ ∣ with hadronic uncertainties below 1%.

Evaluation of parental raspberry breeding forms for fruit size

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
M. A. Podgaetskiy ◽  
S. N. Evdokimenko
Keyword(s):  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Parental Form ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Berry Size

Te article tackles the feasibility of improving the raspberry fruit size as an important production and marketability factor. Te trials included 22 domestic and foreign cultivars, 11 selected forms of raspberry, as well as ten cross-breeding combinations and three open-pollinated forms. Te assessment of parental forms and hybrids was carried out at the collection and breeding sites of the Kokino base station of Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery during 2016-2020. Fruits were harvested from regular cultivar bushes every 2 days in triplicate. Te average weight was determined per 100 berries in each replicate. Cultivars and hybrids were divided into three groups, small- (3.6 g). Te average berry weight in hybrid nurslings was estimated per plant. Each plant was sampled with 30 berries. Weighing was performed with an SCC-750 electronic scales device. Te weather conditions of the trial period were contrast, allowing a more objective assessment of the collection and breeding raspberry material by berry weight. Te following cultivars were identified as the sources of improved berry size in the parental form trials: Maria, Cascade Delight, Fenomen, Lavina, Cowichan, Patricia, Laczka, Glen Ample and selections 2-115-1, 8-13-2, 18-11-3, 18-11-2, 2-90-2 and 2-90-3. Tese forms had an average trial-period berry weight of 3.7-4.3 g least affected by weather conditions. Te inspection of hybrids revealed the best parental forms for obtaining new raspberry cultivars with an improved berry weight: Maria, Fenomen, Lavina, Cowichan, Glen Ample and the selected form 8-13-2. Te promising cross-combinations are: 2-12-1 x Fenomen, Lavina x Ulybka, 8-13-2 x Peresvet, as well as the open-pollinated offspring of Glen Ample, Cowichan and Maria. Large-fruited genotypes isolated in these lineages will be used in further breeding to increase the fruit size in raspberry.

scholarly journals An Advanced Numerical Trajectory Model Tracks a Corn Earworm Moth Migration Event in Texas, USA

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-Lin Wu ◽  
Gao Hu ◽  
John Westbrook ◽  
Gregory Sword ◽  
Bao-Ping Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Hysplit Model ◽  
Trajectory Model ◽  
Trajectory Simulation ◽  
Migration Event

Many methods for trajectory simulation, such as Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT), have been developed over the past several decades and contributed greatly to our knowledge in insect migratory movement. To improve the accuracy of trajectory simulation, we developed a new numerical trajectory model, in which the self-powered flight behaviors of insects are considered and trajectory calculation is driven by high spatio-temporal resolution weather conditions simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. However, a rigorous evaluation of the accuracy of different trajectory models on simulated long-distance migration is lacking. Hence, in this study our trajectory model was evaluated by a migration event of the corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa zea, in Texas, USA on 20–22 March 1995. The results indicate that the simulated migration trajectories are in good agreement with occurrences of all pollen-marked male H. zea immigrants monitored in pheromone traps. Statistical comparisons in the present study suggest that our model performed better than the popularly-used HYSPLIT model in simulating migration trajectories of H. zea. This study also shows the importance of high-resolution atmospheric data and a full understanding of migration behaviors to the computational design of models that simulate migration trajectories of highly-flying insects.

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