Reserves of aluminium and mineral nutrients in seeds ofEucalyptus calophylla(Myrtaceae) with reference to the globoid inclusions

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Louise M. Egerton-Warburton ◽  
Brendon J. Griffin ◽  
John Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Parent Plant ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Germinating Seeds

AbstractAmounts of mineral nutrients and aluminium (Al) were assessed in the globoid inclusions, proteinaceous matrix and druse crystals ofEucalyptus calophyllaseeds collected from trees grown in coal-mine (mean soil pH 4.3, Al 260 μg g−1) and forest soils (pH 5.3, Al 10 μg g−1). Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) of bulk frozen hydrated samples indicated that significantly higher amounts of Mg, P, S, K and Ca occurred in the globoid inclusions of mine- than forest-site seeds. In both seedstocks, Al was detected in the globoid inclusions but not in the proteinaceous matrix or druse crystals. Significantly higher amounts of Al occurred in mine-site samples of dry and germinating seeds than in forest-site seeds. It was concluded that globoid inclusions may be useful as indicators of the soil conditions in which the parent plant was grown.

Pollen̵1Pistil Interactions in Eucalyptus calophylla Provide No Evidence of a Selection Mechanism for Aluminium Tolerance

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
LM Egerton-Warbuton ◽  
BJ Griffin ◽  
BB Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Selection For

Selection for aluminium (Al) tolerance was assessed by studying pollen-pistil interactions in Eucalyptus calophylla trees colonising a 30-year-old abandoned coal mine-site (soil pH 4.3) compared with E. calophylla trees on an adjacent forest-site (soil pH 5.3). Energy-dispersive X-ray micro-analysis of reproductive tissues demonstrated that low levels of Al occurred in the stigma, lower style and unfertilised ovules of forest-site flowers. In contrast, significantly higher levels of Al were detected in all reproductive tissues of mine-site flowers. Al concentrations were higher at the base of the style than in the stigma. Al was also detected in stigmatic exudates of mine-site flowers. Selection for Al tolerance occurred in the anther of mine-site flowers as pollen from mine-site flowers germinated six-fold (15.6%) compared with forest-site pollen (2.6%) at the highest concentration of Al (22 ppm) used. However, the rate of pollen tube growth was not significantly different between mine- and forest-sites at any Al concentration. Tolerance of Al by the mine-site pollen was not shared by the progeny as there was no increase in the survival or growth of mine-site seedlings in mine soils over forest-site seedlings. Controlled pollinations between mine-/forest-site pollen and mine-site pistils demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the number of mine- or forest-site pollen tubes at any level in the style in mine-site pistils. Pollen tube abnormalities principally occurred in mine-site pistils. We concluded that there is no evidence yet for a genetically-based tolerance of Al in E. calophylla on coal mining soils.

Differential responses of Pisolithus tinctorius isolates to aluminum in vitro

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1229-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Egerton-Warburton ◽  
Brendon J. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Tolerance

Isolates of Pisolithus tinctorius collected from old coal mining (pH 4.3, Al 327 mg/L, mine sites), rehabilitated (pH 4.9, Al 22 mg/L), and forest sites (pH 5.3, Al 6 mg/L) were grown in axenic culture with 0–2000 mg/L Al and assessed for aluminum tolerance by comparing the mass of mycelia produced and levels of Al, Ca, and Mg in mycelia as detected by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Mine-site isolates demonstrated mycelial growth to 2000 mg/L Al, a threshold of 90 mg/L Al before accumulation of Al in mycelia, and higher levels of Ca and Mg within the mycelia than either rehabilitated- or forest-site isolates at substrate concentrations greater than 4 mg/L Al. In contrast, mycelial growth ceased at 22 and 12 mg/L Al for rehabilitated- and forest-site isolates, respectively, and was strongly correlated with a high Al and low Ca and Mg content in the mycelia. These differences indicated that an increase in Al tolerance of mine-site isolates may operate through an increase in the presence of Ca and Mg in mycelia and a physiological tolerance to the metal. Key words: Pisolithus tinctorius, Al, Ca, Mg, axenic culture, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis.

scholarly journals Review of Respirable Coal Mine Dust Characterization for Mass Concentration, Size Distribution and Chemical Composition

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Behrooz Abbasi ◽  
Xiaoliang Wang ◽  
Judith C. Chow ◽  
John G. Watson ◽  
Bijan Peik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Mine Dust ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Respirable coal mine dust (RCMD) exposure is associated with black lung and silicosis diseases in underground miners. Although only RCMD mass and silica concentrations are regulated, it is possible that particle size, surface area, and other chemical constituents also contribute to its adverse health effects. This review summarizes measurement technologies for RCMD mass concentrations, morphology, size distributions, and chemical compositions, with examples from published efforts where these methods have been applied. Some state-of-the-art technologies presented in this paper have not been certified as intrinsically safe, and caution should be exerted for their use in explosive environments. RCMD mass concentrations are most often obtained by filter sampling followed by gravimetric analysis, but recent requirements for real-time monitoring by continuous personal dust monitors (CPDM) enable quicker exposure risk assessments. Emerging low-cost photometers provide an opportunity for a wider deployment of real-time exposure assessment. Particle size distributions can be determined by microscopy, cascade impactors, aerodynamic spectrometers, optical particle counters, and electrical mobility analyzers, each with unique advantages and limitations. Different filter media are required to collect integrated samples over working shifts for comprehensive chemical analysis. Teflon membrane filters are used for mass by gravimetry, elements by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, rare-earth elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. Quartz fiber filters are analyzed for organic, elemental, and brown carbon by thermal/optical methods and non-polar organics by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Polycarbonate-membrane filters are analyzed for morphology and elements by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray, and quartz content by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy.

A Simple Technique for Seed Transfer in X-ray Analysis of Seed

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-409
Author(s):  
B. S. P. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Simple Technique ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Seed Germinability ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Tree Seed

Using X-radiography both for the follow-up study of germination and the correlation of tree seed germinability with embryo and endosperm (or megagametophyte) development often involve seed transfer by hand. Such a procedure is tedious and time-consuming and errors of seed displacement occur frequently. Conventional germination procedures also make counting germinants and evaluating seedling vigor difficult due to the shifting of positions of germinating seeds. A simple technique of using a combination of mechanized vacuum counting plate and perforated Plexiglas templates was devised to overcome these difficulties. It decreased by 40 times the time needed to transfer 400 seeds by hand. It also reduced errors of seed displacement.

scholarly journals Biological and biochemical properties in evaluation of forest soil quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Błońska ◽  
Jarosław Lasota
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Density And Biomass

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using biological and biochemical parameters in the evaluation of forest soil quality and changes caused by land use. The study attempted to determine a relationship between the enzymatic activity of soil, the number of earthworms and soil physico-chemical properties. The study was carried out in central Poland in adjoining Forest Districts (Przedbórz and Smardzewice). In soil samples taken from 12 research plots, basic physico-chemical properties, enzyme activity (dehydrogenase, urease) and density and biomass of earthworms were examined. Enzyme activity showed a large diversity within the forest site types studied. The correlations between the activity of the enzymes studied and C/N ratio indicated considerable importance of these enzymes in metabolism of essential elements of organic matter of forest soils. Urease and dehydrogenase activity and earthworm number showed susceptibility to soil pH, which confirmed relationships between enzyme activity and abundance of earthworms and soil pH in H2O and KCl.

scholarly journals Environmental Sustainability of Open-Pit Coal Mining Practices at Baganuur, Mongolia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Jonghoon Park ◽  
Eunhye Kwon ◽  
Euijin Chung ◽  
Ha Kim ◽  
Batbold Battogtokh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
X Ray

In this paper, we studied one of the largest coal mines in Mongolia, the Baganuur Coal Mine, in terms of environmental sustainability related to mining practices, with a focus on discharged water and waste sediments. The present quality and potential for future pollution were assessed. Based on World Health Organization and Mongolian guidelines, groundwater pumped from the mining operations could be used for drinking and domestic purposes. In addition, based on the Na absorption ratio, groundwater samples from GW-2 and GW-3 could be used as agriculture water supplies with salinity reduction, or used to grow halophytes as a measure for desertification control and pasture production. All waste soil samples appeared to have a desertification potential. Dust particles smaller than 150 μm comprised more than 80% of soil samples, which had arsenic levels higher than the Mongolian soil pollution standards. In addition, soil collected between coal seams (S-5) showed high sulphur content based on X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy analyses, strong potential for producing acid mine drainage in the analysis of pH of net acid generation and net acid production potential, and potential for leaching of metals, such as Co. Therefore, the Baganuur Coal Mine requires soil pollution control measures to mitigate the risks of dust and desertification. In this perspective, mine groundwater could be used to reduce environmental stresses by supporting pasture crops such as halophytes on waste disposal sites, thereby preventing dust issues and desertification. Continuous efforts, including monitoring and enacting environmental management measures, are needed from both the mining company and the government to ensure sustainable mine development.

scholarly journals Estimation of soil pH with geochemical indices in forest soils

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0223764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wu ◽  
Hong-Bin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Geochemical Indices
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