NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OF HERBARIUM MATERIAL FOR TAXONOMIC STUDIES USING NMR IMAGING

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. MASSON ◽  
S. M. GLIDEWELL ◽  
M. MÖLLER ◽  
R. R. MILL ◽  
B. WILLIAMSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nmr Imaging ◽  
Structural Examination ◽  
Herbarium Material ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Fresh Specimen ◽  
Living Material ◽  
Non Destructive

Many taxonomic distinctions are made or refined on the basis of herbarium material that is either dried or preserved in spirit medium. Hitherto, examination of internal structure has only been possible by the destructive sectioning of the preserved material. In this paper, the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging for the non-destructive, non-invasive, complete three-dimensional structural examination of herbarium material is demonstrated for the first time. The experimental materials were the fruiting structures of two species of Southern Hemisphere Podocarpaceae: Acmopyle pancheri and Podocarpus nivalis. Material dried in accordance with standard herbarium techniques was used, as well as material preserved in spirit and freshly gathered fruits. The dried material was subsequently rehydrated using standard techniques, and protocols established for the specimens. Appropriate selection of NMR imaging parameters allowed a variety of anatomical features to be highlighted on a single specimen. Fresh specimens from living material gave the best NMR signals. Dry specimens gave no signal except from the lipid in the seed, but when rehydrated the images yielded almost as much information about internal structure as did a fresh specimen of the same taxon. Thus, NMR imaging has great potential value as a non-invasive method for obtaining details of the internal structure of fruits and seeds and is particularly useful when, as in the case of Acmopyle, the sclerotesta of the seed is too lignified for sectioning by conventional methods.

X-ray microtomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
H.W. Deckman ◽  
B.F. Flannery ◽  
J.H. Dunsmuir ◽  
K.D' Amico
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

scholarly journals Creación de implantes 3D en procesos de conservación y restauración de vidrio arqueológico

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Díaz-Marín ◽  
Elvira Aura-Castro
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Restricted Area ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Glass Bowl ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

This article describes the restoration of a glass bowl from the 16th-17thcentury by creating its three-dimensional (3D)model. The final purpose is to work with this model in order to avoid damaging situations that are associated with the manipulation of fragile objects. The gap areas, those corresponding to the missing fragments not found in the excavation, were carried out by constructing digital implants. A restricted area of the 3D model has been duplicated in order to accommodate it to confined intervals of the gap. The final implants were printed with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament. These implants replace the lost areas and give stability back to the item by recovering the original morphology. The result can be compared with the outcome obtained by a traditional process, but differs due to the fact that requires minimum manipulation of the item, so it can contribute to preserve and safeguard the restored object. This is a non-invasive method which is offered as an alternative treatment, where the archaeological object is replaced by its virtual model in the steps of the process after 3D data acquisition. Significant differences have not been found in the 3D printing results obtained with the two types of filaments tested (white and clear).

Human Vocal Tract Modeling and Geometric Parameterization

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Z. Tameem ◽  
Bhavin V. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Solid Models ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Geometrical Information ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

This investigation uses a multi disciplinary approach to standardize a non-invasive method for measuring human vocal tract morphology. A series of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans are performed on the subject’s vocal tract and a detailed three-dimensional model is created through image processing and computer modeling. This information is compared with the vocal tract measurements obtained with Eccovision Acoustic Pharyngometer, in order to establish the accuracy of the instrument. The model is then used to develop other specific models through parametric modeling. This method is useful in creating solid models with limited geometrical information and helps researchers study the human vocal tract changes due to aging and degenerative diseases.

Functional Imaging of Matrix Structure of Cryopreserved Engineered Tissues Using Back-Directional Gated Mesoscopic Imaging

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young L. Kim ◽  
Zhengbin Xu ◽  
Altug Ozcelikkale ◽  
Bumsoo Han
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Matrix Structure ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Engineered Tissues ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Matrix Interactions ◽  
Non Destructive

Successful cryopreservation of engineered tissues (ETs) can greatly advance the access and availability of cell/tissue engineering products for clinical use. One of the key challenges in cryopreserving ETs is that the functionality of ETs should be maintained throughout the preservation process. Many of the functionalities are associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) microstructure, which in turn can be a crucial marker for the post-thaw functionality. Recent studies also reported that the ECM microstructure can be affected by freezing-induced cell-fluid-matrix interactions.1–3 Thus, it is critical to assess three-dimensional (3-D) matrix structure of cryopreserved ETs in a non-destructive, non-invasive, and rapid manner.

Clinical and laboratory studies of the effectiveness of a non-invasive method of treating caries in the stage of white chalky spot with Icon technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
S.U. Maksyukov ◽  
D.V. Yogina ◽  
D.S. Maksyukov
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Tooth Dentin ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a non-invasive method of treating caries at the stage of a white chalky spot with the Infiltration Concept (Icon) technology. Materials and methods: the clinical and laboratory study included 5 teeth with caries in the white spot stage, removed according to orthodontic indications. The study included scanning in an X-ray computer microtomograph of selected samples of teeth with caries in the white spot stage before and after treatment of the caries area according to Icon technology. For each sample, 1601 X-ray projections were obtained, which were then reconstructed using the XRM Reconstructor software. The comparison of the mineralization density of the samples was carried out by calibrating the obtained images, reconstructing three-dimensional models of tooth samples and constructing maps of the mineralization fee. Results and conclusions. Data on the mineralization density before and after treatment according to Icon technology were obtained in the following areas of the studied teeth: caries in the white spot stage; dentin bordering on caries (the area touches the dentinoemal border as close as possible to the caries area); the area of healthy enamel on the opposite side of the tooth; dentin bordering on healthy enamel (near the dentinoemal border and as close as possible to the healthy enamel area). A comparison of the results obtained does not allow us to conclude about the effectiveness of treatment according to the Icon technology. Moreover, the mineralization density of the studied areas significantly decreased after the treatment.

Quantification of three-dimensional skin displacement artefacts on the equine tibia and third metatarsus

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel L Lanovaz ◽  
Siriporn Khumsap ◽  
Hilary M Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
Local Coordinate System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Bone Segment ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Truncated Fourier Series ◽  
Displacement Patterns

AbstractRoutine study of three-dimensional (3D) tarsal kinematics is hampered by errors due to the displacement of skin surface-tracking markers relative to the underlying bones. Reliable kinematics can be obtained with bone-fixed markers, but an accurate, non-invasive method would have more applications. Simultaneous kinematic data from skin-based and bone-fixed markers attached to the tibia and third metatarsus were collected from three trotting subjects. The motion of the skin-based markers was extracted relative to the underlying bone motion tracked using the bone-fixed markers. The 3D skin displacement patterns for the skin-based markers were parameterized using a truncated Fourier series model. These displacements were expressed in terms of the local coordinate system for each bone. Skin displacement artefacts were observed in all three axes of each bone segment, with the largest displacements occurring at the proximal tibia. The mean skin displacement amplitudes in the tibia were 6.7%, 3.2% and 10.5% of segment length, and for the third metatarsus were 2.6%, 1.4% and 3.8% of segment length, for the craniocaudal, mediolateral and longitudinal segment axes, respectively. Skin displacement patterns could be expressed concisely using the Fourier series model. Displacements were also consistent between subjects, which should allow them to be used as a basis for developing a correction procedure for 3D tarsal joint kinematics.

scholarly journals Deep vascular imaging in the eye with flow-enhanced ultrasound

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Damsgaard ◽  
Henrik Lauridsen
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Nucleated Red Blood Cells ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Flow Enhancement

The eye's retina is one of the most energy-demanding tissues in the body and thus requires high rates of oxygen delivery from a rich blood supply. The capillary lamina of the choroid lines the outer surface of the retina and is the dominating source of oxygen in most vertebrates, but this vascular bed is challenging to image with traditional optical techniques due to its position behind the highly light-absorbing retina. Here we describe a high-frequency ultrasound technique with flow-enhancement to image deep vascular beds (0.5 - 3 cm) of the eye with a high spatiotemporal resolution. This non-invasive method works well in species with nucleated red blood cells (non-mammalian and fetal animal models), and it generates non-invasive three-dimensional angiographies without the use of contrast agents that is independent of blood flow angles and with a higher sensitivity than Doppler based ultrasound imaging techniques.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional movements of the lumbar spine facet joints and segmental movements: in vivo examinations of normal subjects with a new non-invasive method

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Svedmark ◽  
T. Tullberg ◽  
M. E. Noz ◽  
G. Q. Maguire ◽  
M. P. Zeleznik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Facet Joints ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

scholarly journals An X-ray Tomographic Study of Rechargeable Zn/MnO2 Batteries

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Osenberg ◽  
Ingo Manke ◽  
André Hilger ◽  
Nikolay Kardjilov ◽  
John Banhart
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Zinc Anode ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Discharge Behavior ◽  
Battery Discharge ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Zinc Particle

We present non-destructive and non-invasive in operando X-ray tomographic investigations of the charge and discharge behavior of rechargeable alkaline-manganese (RAM) batteries (Zn-MnO2 batteries). Changes in the three-dimensional structure of the zinc anode and the MnO2 cathode material after several charge/discharge cycles were analyzed. Battery discharge leads to a decrease in the zinc particle sizes, revealing a layer-by-layer dissolving behavior. During charging, the particles grow again to almost their initial size and shape. After several cycles, the particles sizes slowly decrease until most of the particles become smaller than the spatial resolution of the tomography. Furthermore, the number of cracks in the MnO2 bulk continuously increases and the separator changes its shape. The results are compared to the behavior of a conventional primary cell that was also charged and discharged several times.

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