Piacentini's Window: The Modernism of the Fascist Master Plan of Rome

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL BAXA
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Fascist Regime

When urban planners Marcello Piacentini and Antonio Muñoz looked at the Rome they helped create through their participation in the Master Plan of 1931, they saw a metaphor for Fascism's transformation of Rome, a metaphor that captured the ‘effect’ of the Master Plan but not its ‘intention’. The Fascist regime aimed to build a modern capital on the nineteenth-century models of Paris and Vienna, but created instead a modernist city which challenged, on many levels, the neo-classicist rationalism of the previous century's urban planning. This article explores the reasons for such a disjuncture between intention and effect and finds them within Fascist ideology and experience.

Budapest: progresso urbano a passi accelerati

STORIA URBANA ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Ordasi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Urban Architecture ◽  
European State ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The City

- Unlike other great cities of Europe, Budapest did not experience any significant urban development before the nineteenth century, especially before 1867, the year of the foundation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. After that, the city became the second pole, after Vienna, of this important European state. The capital of the Kingdom of Hungary grew through the use of various types of urban architecture and especially through a "style" that was meant to express Hungarian national identity. Architects, engineers, and other professionals from Hungary and Austria contributed to this process of modernization as well as many foreigners from Germany, France and England. The city's master plan - modeled after Paris's - focused on the area crossed by the Viale Sugár [Boulevard of the Spoke] was set on the Parisian model and so covered only certain parts of the city. The Committee on Public Works (1870-1948) played a leading role in putting the plan approved in 1972 - into effect in all aspects of urban planning, architecture and infrastructure.

scholarly journals A Reconsideration on the Theory of Beauty: Previous Views and a New Approach Following Maslow's Theory (Part II)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia-Adina Lehene
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Human Motivation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Concept Of Beauty

This paper is the second part of a work that aims to rethink the concept of beauty as close as possible to its essence and in a way that integrates the science of aesthetics with the field of construction. Within other theoretical and practical works, this study may be further used to physically reflect the definition of beauty in areas such as architecture, civil engineering or urban planning and support professionals in designing and building beautiful objects and constructions. However, it has to be added that the assumption that there must be a particular original aspect related to beauty that leads a human-made object to success, needs to be further identified. The approach to the concept of beauty is through a general philosophical perspective and partially through the areas mentioned above.The second part of the study includes the synthesised guidance provided by Monroe Beardsley through the theories on beauty from the nineteenth century until today. In addition, it comprises the scheme of concepts that characterised the beautiful in this time, including the lines that guided its study, previous ideas that support our later views on presented theory, and a brief exposition of Maslow's theory of human motivation followed by our theory on beauty and the conclusions.

scholarly journals EINGORN’S AND SHELEIKHOVSKY’S SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION IN THE CREATION AND FOR-MATION METHODOLOGY OF «DIPROMISTO» INSTITUTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (157) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
K. Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Project Approach ◽  
Urban Climatology ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Final Project ◽  
Planning Project ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
New City ◽  
The City

The article describes the origin and formation of the «Dipromisto» Institute. The peculiarities of the project approach and methodological findings of the institute at the beginning of 1930s are considered.. The realism and pragmatism of Ukrainian specialists in the field of urban planning are noted. A necessary component in the devel-opment of the master plan of the new city, or the reconstruction of the existing one, was the technical and econom-ic studying of the city and more detailed analytical work. Only after that the sketch project was made and devel-opment of the final project of planning and drawing up in detail of the partial project of planning of the first turn was carried out. The Institute's development has consistently attempted to make the city aware and practical, not only as a supplement to industrial production, but as a self-sufficient facility designed to ensure all aspects of people's lives. The same approach was used in the process of developing the master plan of Kharkov (1933-1938). Thanks to the Institute, several dozen master plans of cities and about a hundred master plans of industrial settlements of the Ukrainian SSR were designed, and a master plan of Kharkov was developed. The school of complex urban planning was formed thanks to the work of many talented specialists: O. Eingorn, G. Sheleikhovsky and P. Alyoshin, as well as D. Bogorad, M. Davidovich, I. Malozyomov, O. Marzeev, P. Khaustov and other specialists. Eingorn was the undisputed ideological leader of the Institute. Thanks to his leadership, a methodology for designing cities was developed. First of all, the design process was divided into four stages: technical and eco-nomic studying of the city; drawing up a draft planning plan; development of the final planning project; drawing up a detailed partial draft of the first stage planning. Eingorn paid great attention to the architecture of the city and work with the landscape and another important implementation of O. Eingorn is a reorganization of the de-sign process and the work of the architect-designer and associates. Another prominent specialist – G. Sheleikhovsky. He co-authored and engineered and designed two large ur-ban projects, the master plan of Kharkiv and Big Zaporizhia. He was also a scientist who laid the foundations of urban climatology, which in the 1930s was just beginning to develop. Keywords: Dipromisto Institute, school of urban planning, Soviet urban planning, urban planning of the Ukrainian SSR, Kharkiv metropolitan period.

Cultivating Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century English Gardens

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Lustig
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Social Agenda ◽  
Horticultural Practice

The ArgumentThe popularity of botany and natural history in England combined with the demographic changes of the first half of the nineteenth century to bring about a new aesthetics of gardening, fusing horticultural practice with a connoisseurship of botanical science. Horticultural societies brought theoretical botany into the practice of gardening. Botanical and horticultural periodicals disseminated both science and prescriptions for practice, yoking them to a progressive social agenda, including the betterment of the working class and urban planning. Finally, botany was incorporated into systems of education, reinforcing the union of theory and practice.Three garden plans from the 1790s, 1835, and 1846 illustrate the embodiment of this theory and practice in the design of private suburban gardens. These horticultural/botanical gardens, described in the second half of the article, represent a neglected side of botany's bifurcated descent from Renaissance collections of curiosities into horticultural gardening and herbarium-based systematics.

scholarly journals A CIDADE INDUSTRIAL E SEU REVERSO: AS COMUNIDADES UTÓPICAS DA INGLATERRA VITORIANA

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Meneguello
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Garden Cities ◽  
British Experience ◽  
Urban Organization ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Ideal

O presente artigo procura dimensionar o debate sobre as “cidades utópicas”, que comumente confere aos experimentos ingleses do século XIX uma continuidade com as utopias clássicas e certa dose de ineficácia e ingenuidade, procurando ver a positividade contida nas utopias habitacionais. Centrando-se na experiência britânica iniciada com owenismo, passando pelas vilas industriais planejadas e finalizando no ideal da cidade jardim, busca-se ver a comunidade ideal como o reverso da organização industrial da cidade e como uma proposta histórica de ocupação do espaço que é definitiva para a experiência urbana posterior. Abstract This article aims at giving new dimension to the debate on “utopian villages”, that commonly understands the British experiments of the nineteenth-century as a continuation of the classical utopias tinted with a hint of inefficacy and naiveté. On the contrary, this article intends to search for the positive aspects of such utopias. Centering on the British experience of Owenism, studying the model villages and ending on the garden cities, the ideal community is seen as the opposite of the industrial urban organization and as a historical definition of occupation of space, fundamental for urban planning.

Urban planning, colonial doctrines and street naming in French Dakar and British Lagos, c. 1850–1930

Urban History ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIORA BIGON
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
History Of ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Street Naming ◽  
Indirect Rule

ABSTRACT:The published literature that has thoroughly treated the history of European planning in sub-Saharan Africa is still rather scanty. This article examines French and British colonial policies for town planning and street naming in Dakar and Lagos, their chief lieux de colonisation in West Africa. It will trace the relationships between the physical and conceptual aspects of town planning and the colonial doctrines that produced these plans from the official establishment of these cities as colonial capitals in the mid-nineteenth century and up to the inter-war period. Whereas in Dakar these aspects reflected a Eurocentric meta-narrative that excluded African histories and identities, a glimpse at contemporary Lagos shows the opposite. This study is one of few that compares colonial doctrines of assimilation to doctrines of indirect rule as each affects urban planning.

Loss and Gain of the Public Participation in Kunshan Master Plan

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1920-1926
Author(s):  
Wen Jing Mo ◽  
Fei Duan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Master Planning ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Town ◽  
Country Planning

Many cities have taken public participation in practice in urban planning since The Town and Country Planning Act of 2008 specified. In order to understand the present situation, it is making analysis in detail by means of empirical research: in the first, investigating the procedures of the public participation in Kunshan master planning; in the second, evaluating the result of the public participation; in the end, summarizing the loss and gain of the public participation.

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