scholarly journals A Reconsideration on the Theory of Beauty: Previous Views and a New Approach Following Maslow's Theory (Part II)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia-Adina Lehene
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Human Motivation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Concept Of Beauty

This paper is the second part of a work that aims to rethink the concept of beauty as close as possible to its essence and in a way that integrates the science of aesthetics with the field of construction. Within other theoretical and practical works, this study may be further used to physically reflect the definition of beauty in areas such as architecture, civil engineering or urban planning and support professionals in designing and building beautiful objects and constructions. However, it has to be added that the assumption that there must be a particular original aspect related to beauty that leads a human-made object to success, needs to be further identified. The approach to the concept of beauty is through a general philosophical perspective and partially through the areas mentioned above.The second part of the study includes the synthesised guidance provided by Monroe Beardsley through the theories on beauty from the nineteenth century until today. In addition, it comprises the scheme of concepts that characterised the beautiful in this time, including the lines that guided its study, previous ideas that support our later views on presented theory, and a brief exposition of Maslow's theory of human motivation followed by our theory on beauty and the conclusions.

scholarly journals A Reconsideration on the Theory of Beauty: Selected Definitions, Concepts and Views on the Topic (Part I)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Iulia-Adina Lehene
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Concept Of Beauty ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

This paper is the first part of our work that aims to rethink the concept of beauty as close as possible to its essence, in the way it integrates the science of aesthetics with the field of construction. The study may be further used, within other theoretical and practical works, for physically reflecting the definition of beauty in areas such as architecture, civil engineering or urban planning, and to support professionals in designing and building beautiful objects and constructions.It is important to note at this point that the assumption is that there must be a particular original aspect related to beauty that leads a human-made object to success, which needs to be further identified. The approach to the concept of beauty is through a broadly philosophical approach and partly through the areas mentioned above.The initial study aims to frame the niche of the beauty within the field of aesthetics, continuing the guidelines provided in the Architecture School of Cluj-Napoca. It further lists relevant concepts raised through the discussions, the arguments defining beauty, and comprises a brief presentation of the views of beauty from a selection of aestheticians accompanied by short observations about our understanding on beauty, and the conclusions of this preliminary study. We considered it essential to present a selection of concepts and views on beauty so to further apply them to constructions, and later to the presentation of our own reconsidered theory.

scholarly journals A CIDADE INDUSTRIAL E SEU REVERSO: AS COMUNIDADES UTÓPICAS DA INGLATERRA VITORIANA

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Meneguello
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Garden Cities ◽  
British Experience ◽  
Urban Organization ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Ideal

O presente artigo procura dimensionar o debate sobre as “cidades utópicas”, que comumente confere aos experimentos ingleses do século XIX uma continuidade com as utopias clássicas e certa dose de ineficácia e ingenuidade, procurando ver a positividade contida nas utopias habitacionais. Centrando-se na experiência britânica iniciada com owenismo, passando pelas vilas industriais planejadas e finalizando no ideal da cidade jardim, busca-se ver a comunidade ideal como o reverso da organização industrial da cidade e como uma proposta histórica de ocupação do espaço que é definitiva para a experiência urbana posterior. Abstract This article aims at giving new dimension to the debate on “utopian villages”, that commonly understands the British experiments of the nineteenth-century as a continuation of the classical utopias tinted with a hint of inefficacy and naiveté. On the contrary, this article intends to search for the positive aspects of such utopias. Centering on the British experience of Owenism, studying the model villages and ending on the garden cities, the ideal community is seen as the opposite of the industrial urban organization and as a historical definition of occupation of space, fundamental for urban planning.

‘Folk-Speech’ and ‘Book English’: Re-presentations of Dialect in Hardy's Novels

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rural Life ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Literary Representation ◽  
Political Critique ◽  
Explicit Reference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

In an attempt to evaluate the fidelity of Hardy's representation of dialect speech, critics have made implicit or explicit reference to dialects actually spoken at the time Hardy wrote his novels of rural life. To this end, comparisons are often made between features of ‘Wessex dialect’ and contemporary records of dialects produced by amateur dialectologists, such as Hardy's friend William Barnes. In this article I propose a new approach to the relationship between non-fictional records of dialects in the nineteenth century and the literary representation of dialect speech in Hardy's novels. I argue that the considerable practical and theoretical difficulties that are to be found in non-fictional records of dialects, mean that Hardy's version of dialect speech cannot be read back on to authentic dialect speech. Only when the non-literary definition and representation of dialects are recognised as problematic, can questions be asked which reveal the true complexity of dialect speech in the novels. I demonstrate a reading of the language of Hardy's novels as a complex intersection of contemporary rules of definition of dialects, which are re-presented in the texts as internally and mutually contradictory discourses. Focusing upon the discursive construction of the sign of ‘Wessex dialect’, I indicate how Hardy's literary version of dialect speech can be read as a political critique of the definition and representation of the opposition between ‘folk-speech’ and ‘book English’ at the time the novels were written.

The Late-Victorian ‘New Man’ and the Neo-Victorian ‘Neo-Man’

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
Margaret D. Stetz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Historical Fiction ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Victorian Fiction ◽  
New Man ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
The New Woman ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Victorian Age

The New Man was a crucial topic of discussion and a continual preoccupation in late-Victorian feminist writing, precisely because he was more often a wished-for presence than an actual one. Nevertheless, creators of neo-Victorian fiction and film repeatedly project him backwards onto the screen of literary history, representing him as having in fact existed in the Victorian age as a complement to the New Woman. What is at stake in retrospectively situating the New Man – or, as I will call him, the ‘Neo-Man’ – in the nineteenth century, through historical fiction? If one impulse behind fictional returns to the Victorian period is nostalgia, then what explains this nostalgia for The Man Who Never Was? This essay will suggest that neo-Victorian works have a didactic interest in transforming present-day readers, especially men, through depictions of the Neo-Man, which broaden the audience's feminist sympathies, queer its notions of gender relations, and alter its definition of masculinity.

Seeing, imagined, and lived

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anandi Silva Knuppel
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Theories Of Practice ◽  
Sources Of Authority ◽  
Definition Of

Scholarship on Hindu traditions and practices proposes the practice of darshan as fundamental to Hindu traditions, particularly in temple worship, observing that devotees seek out images of deities primarily to see them and “receive” their darshan. These works typically gloss the definition of darshan with a sentence or two about seeing, exchanging glances, and/or receiving blessings. In this paper, I focus on the ways in which darshan is ideally imagined in conjunction with other bodily sensory practices through sources of authority, such as texts and senior devotees, to create a specific sensory experience and expectation in the transnational Gaudiya Vaishnava community. I then look to the lived realitiesof darshan in this tradition, specifically how devotees negotiate the structures created through sources of authority in their daily lives. Through this juxtaposition of idealized and lived darshan, I argue that we need a new approach towards theories of practice to take into account the complexities of darshanic moments in this and other religious practices.

Resilienz und Konstruktion von Sicherheit

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-445
Author(s):  
Amerigo Caruso ◽  
Linda Hammann
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Political Turmoil

AbstractProspero Balbo, the head of a leading Piedmontese noble family, followed a career path similar to that of the versatile French statesman Talleyrand. In the aftermath of 1789, Balbo served under four different regimes: the Old Regime monarchy, the Russian provisional administration of Piedmont in 1799, the Napoleonic empire, and the restored Savoy monarchy. After the short-lived revolutionary movement of 1821 in Sardinia-Piedmont, Prospero lost his job as interior minister and his son, Cesare, was forced into exile. The revolutionary waves of 1820–1821 were the most recent of numerous disruptive events and regime changes that jeopardized Europe and the Atlantic world between the late 1770 s and the early 1820 s. These five decades of revolutionary upheavals, wars, and persistent insecurity forced the traditional elites to mobilize their material, cultural, and social resources to preserve their prestige and power. Based on extensive archival research, this article examines the resilience-strengthening resources and strategies implemented by members of the Balbo family during periods of political turmoil. In doing so, the article aims to develop an analytical and conceptual framework to describe historical processes in terms of resilience and vulnerability. This new approach enables us to look afresh at elite transformations and at the dynamics of political change and continuity in early nineteenth-century Europe.

DELIGHTFUL COXCOMBS TO INDUSTRIOUS MEN: FASHIONABLE POLITICS IN CECIL AND PENDENNIS

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Nicolay
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Class A ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Site ◽  
Trade Office

THOMAS CARLYLE’S CONTEMPTUOUS DESCRIPTION of the dandy as “a Clothes-wearing Man, a Man whose trade, office, and existence consists in the wearing of Clothes” (313) has survived as the best-known definition of dandyism, which is generally equated with the foppery of eighteenth-century beaux and late nineteenth-century aesthetes. Actually, however, George Brummell (1778–1840), the primary architect of dandyism, developed not only a style of dress, but also a mode of behavior and style of wit that opposed ostentation. Brummell insisted that he was completely self-made, and his audacious self-transformation served as an example for both parvenus and dissatisfied nobles: the bourgeois might achieve upward mobility by distinguishing himself from his peers, and the noble could bolster his faltering status while retaining illusions of exclusivity. Aristocrats like Byron, Bulwer, and Wellington might effortlessly cultivate themselves and indulge their taste for luxury, while at the same time ambitious social climbers like Brummell, Disraeli, and Dickens might employ the codes of dandyism in order to establish places for themselves in the urban world. Thus, dandyism served as a nexus for the declining aristocratic elite and the rising middle class, a site where each was transformed by the dialectic interplay of aristocratic and individualistic ideals.

The American Catholic Minority in the Later Nineteenth Century

1953 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas T. McAvoy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
Hierarchical Arrangement ◽  
Great Culture ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
American Catholic

The factors that caused the Roman authorities to insist on a Plenary Council of the American Bishops in 1884 have not been sufficiently explained. Perhaps the role of the American prelates in opposing the opportuneness of the definition of the doctrine of infallibility had some influence. Undoubtedly the reports of the bishops in their ad limina visits to Rome did little to subdue any fears that may have arisen. The frequent appeals of recalcitrant clergymen against their bishops were going directly to Rome because there was no intermediate court. The Instruction of 1878 makes this quite clear. Rome had shown its dissatisfaction with the condition of Catholic education by its interrogatory and its Instruction of 1875. The renewed condemnation of the Fenians had some American effects; and the renewed condemnation of the Masons with applications to certain other American social organizations indicated that all was not well in the social conditions of Catholics in the United States. Had the prelates in Rome understood American democracy and American conditions they would have had to have been much better informed than most Europeans in the nineteenth century. America was to Europe a land of great physical possibility, but a land without any great culture or religious accomplishments. Even European liberals did not understand the manhood suffrage of American democracy. The Catholic leaders of southern Europe, so generally aligned with conservative and monarchist parties, could have little understanding of American democracy in the religious sphere. In Rome where the hierarchical arrangement had not been fully dissociated from monarchical government and where Roman law with its insistence on the union of Church and State was the basis of most political thought, even the most sympathetic seemed to have some misgivings about the manifest loyalty of the American Catholics to the Holy See.

Budapest: progresso urbano a passi accelerati

STORIA URBANA ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Ordasi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Urban Architecture ◽  
European State ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The City

- Unlike other great cities of Europe, Budapest did not experience any significant urban development before the nineteenth century, especially before 1867, the year of the foundation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. After that, the city became the second pole, after Vienna, of this important European state. The capital of the Kingdom of Hungary grew through the use of various types of urban architecture and especially through a "style" that was meant to express Hungarian national identity. Architects, engineers, and other professionals from Hungary and Austria contributed to this process of modernization as well as many foreigners from Germany, France and England. The city's master plan - modeled after Paris's - focused on the area crossed by the Viale Sugár [Boulevard of the Spoke] was set on the Parisian model and so covered only certain parts of the city. The Committee on Public Works (1870-1948) played a leading role in putting the plan approved in 1972 - into effect in all aspects of urban planning, architecture and infrastructure.

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