scholarly journals Craft guild ideology and urban literature: theFour Crowned Martyrsand theLives of Saints Nazarius and Celsusas told by the masons’ guild of fifteenth-century Ghent

Urban History ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-425
Author(s):  
LAURA CROMBIE
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Urban Literature ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Work Organizations ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Political Dimensions

ABSTRACT:The economic and political dimensions of guilds in medieval Flanders, especially medieval Ghent, have been well studied for generations. It is often noted that guilds were more than work organizations, and that their religious and social activities made them very like confraternities, but exploring the cultural and ideological side of guilds can be hampered by less surviving evidence. The present article attempts to address this lacuna by using poems written by/for the masons’ guild in fifteenth-century Ghent, taking an interdisciplinary perspective to examine ideals of community, hierarchy and the sacralization of labour from an urban perspective.

Sur les traces du De motibus / iudiciis planetarum attribué à Ptolémée

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-599
Author(s):  
Eduard Frunzeanu ◽  
Isabelle Draelants
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Critical Edition ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
The Third

AbstractA short astrological treatise about the properties of the planets in the zodiac, called De motibus / iudiciis planetarum and attributed to Ptolemy (inc. Sub Saturno sunt hec signa Capricornus et Aquarius et sunt eius domus), appears from the thirteenth century onwards in two distinct traditions: in the encyclopedias of Bartholomew the Englishman and Arnold of Saxony, both written around 1230–1240, and in astronomical miscellanies copied in the fifteenth century either in or around Basel and in Northern Italy. These fifteenth-century manuscripts fall into two distinct groups of astronomical texts: the first is copied together with the De signis of Michael Scot, the second together with a part of the third book of Hyginus' De astronomia. The present article aims to describe the characteristics of the distinct textual filiations of De m. / iud. pl. and gives the first critical edition of the text.

Crossing the line: Mamluk response to Qaramanid threat in the fifteenth century according to MS ar. 4440 (BnF, Paris)

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-281
Author(s):  
Malika Dekkiche
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe present article investigates the complex dynamics of the relationship between the Mamluk sultans and Qaramanid rulers in the second half of the fifteenth century. Based on the revealing of an unpublished corpus of letters (MS ar. 4440, BnF, Paris), which preserved copies of the correspondence exchanged between sultan Īnāl and Ibrāhīm II after the Qaramanids' Rebellion in 860–862/1456–58 and their capture of the Mamluk fortresses in Tarsus and Gülek. After briefly sketching the history of their contact and alliances, I then concentrate on the Qaramanid Rebellion itself, presenting the new data provided by the corpus and analysing the stakes and extent of the Qaramanids' threat to Mamluk policy in the Anatolian context.

A Victory Tower Built by a Slave: The Chand Minar at Daulatabad in Deccan India

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-76
Author(s):  
Mohit Manohar
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Islamic Architecture ◽  
Major Work ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Victory

Abstract The Chand Minar (1446) at Daulatabad Fort is one of the tallest pre-modern stone minarets in the world and has long been recognized as a major work of Indo-Islamic architecture. Yet surprisingly little is known about the building: its iconography and the reason for its construction have not been established; even its height is frequently misreported by half. The present article analyzes the building’s architecture and urban context and critically reads its inscriptions against the Tārīkh-i Firishta (ca. 1610), the main primary text for the history of the medieval Deccan. In so doing, the article demonstrates that issues of race shaped the courtly politics in the Deccan at the time of the minaret’s construction. The Chand Minar was commissioned by Parvez bin Qaranful, an African military slave, who dedicated the building to the Bahmani sultan ʿAla⁠ʾ al-Din Ahmad II (r. 1436–58). The article shows that the building commemorated the role of African and Indian officers in a 1443 military victory of the Bahmani sultanate (1347–1527) against the Vijayanagara empire (1336–1664). The construction of the Chand Minar impressed upon Ahmad II the importance of retaining in his court dark-skinned officers from India and Africa (dakkaniyān) at a time when their standing was threatened by the lighter-skinned gharībān, who had immigrated from the western Islamic regions. The article thus presents a detailed study of an important but neglected monument while shedding new light on racial factionalism in the fifteenth-century Deccan.

Al-Qushjī's Reform of the Ptolemaic Model for Mercury

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Saliba
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Arabic Text ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Mathematical Sciences

In this article the author analyzes a fifteenth-century Arabic reform of the Ptolemaic model for Mercury. The author of the reform was the Central Asian – Ottoman astronomer ‘Alā” al-Dīn al-Qushjī (d. 1474 A.D.) who, in his youth, had been instructed in the mathematical sciences by none other than the famous Central Asian monarch Ulugh Beg (1394–1449). Although the astronomers of Ulugh Beg's circle are known to have produced extensive astronomical Persian tables, no one other than Qushjī has been yet identified to have produced a theoretical text devoted to the criticism, let alone the reform, of the Ptolemaic mathematical planetary models. The present article on Qushji's reform of the Ptolemaic model for Mercury includes a critical first edition of Qushji's Arabic text, an English translation, and a historical and technical commentary.

scholarly journals Funkcje wielkich liter w rękopisie staropolskim

LingVaria ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (26) ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Dorota Rojszczak-Robińska
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Function ◽  
Lower Case ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Syntactic Function

Functions of Upper-Case Letters in an Old Polish Manuscript. Karta RogawskiegoThe use of capital letters in Old Polish manuscripts is an unexplored subject. The present article is an analysis of the function of capital letters in Karta Rogawskiego (‘Rogawski’s Card’), a fifteenth-century Polish-language manuscript. Despite the small size of the monument (175 lines), it contains 70 upper-case letters, used consciously and consistently. In this respect, the text is unique compared to other mediaeval monuments in Polish. In Karta Rogawskiego, upper-case letters perform two functions. One is the rhetoric-syntactic function, i.e. they segment the text, introduce additional comments, start integrals which describe the activities of other characters and, above all, they introduce utterances of individual characters, separating the citation from the introduction. The other role of upper-case letters is the stylistic-semantic function, when they are used at the beginning of proper names. In the case of important words, it can be seen that their use is conscious and consistent; e.g. the word cesarz ‘emperor’ is always spelt with an upper-case letter when it refers to a specific person, and with a lower-case one when it only means a function. In addition, upper-case letters appear in the same places in the text, i.e. at the beginnings of titles and chapters.

scholarly journals Thomas and Scholasticism to 1870

2015 ◽  
pp. 527-550
Author(s):  
John T. Slotemaker ◽  
Ueli Zahnd
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
Summa Theologiae ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Theological Authority

The present article treats the life and works of Thomas Aquinas and his reception within the scholastic traditions up to 1879 (Aeterni Patris). The first two sections introduce the life and works of Thomas Aquinas, with a particular focus on the Scriptum and the Summa theologiae. The third section treats Thomas’s reception up through 1500, looking at the initial period of condemnation in the late thirteenth century. This is followed by his canonization and acceptance as a theological authority in the fourteenth century and the gradual development of the Thomist schools of the fifteenth century. The fourth and fifth sections examine the reception of Thomas’s thought in the era of Church reform and the baroque period (1500–1650), and from 1650 until Aeterni Patris (1879) respectively.

The “Golden City” under Embargo: Prague's International Trade during the Hussite Wars, 1420–1436

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-465
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kaar
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medieval Trade

AbstractAfter the outbreak of the First Hussite Wars (spring 1420), the Hussite capital Prague faced—at least in theory—a total embargo on all trade and commerce. However, trade evidently continued in spite of this embargo. The present article systematically assesses our knowledge on this trade and highlights articles, geographical structures and agents of long-distance trade to and from the Czech metropolis during the war, thus furthering our knowledge about the economic history of early fifteenth-century Central Europe in general. Furthermore, the author uses the example of the anti-Hussite embargo to address important and hitherto largely-neglected methodological questions concerning the analysis of medieval trade prohibitions in general.

SOCIAL, LEGAL AND ECONOMIC BARRIERS OF EMPLOYMENT STIMULATION IN SELECTED GROUPS OF THE UNEMPLOYED

2021 ◽  
Vol 563 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szczęsny
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
The Unemployed

There are a lot of determinants of registration at the labour office, many so, as many as there is individual people life situation, which are unemployed. Also exist numerous barriers of employment stimulation in selected groups of the unemployed, registered at the labour office. One can divide the barriers of employment stimulation in researched groups of unemployed into three categories: social, legal and economic. The goal of present study is presenting the interdisciplinary perspective in complex issue of employment stimulation and the barriers of taking job in selected groups of the unemployed in social, legal and economic point of view. The present article based on many years’ empirical researches, led in the labour offices.

scholarly journals Dressing a Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing: Toward Understanding the Composition of the Life of Alexander Nevskii

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-67
Author(s):  
Donald Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The Military

The Life of Alexander Nevskii is written in two styles: a hagiographic style and a secular style. Scholarly views are divided over whether the Life was written by one person in two different styles or by two persons, either a hagiographic writer and secular editor or a secular writer and hagiographic editor. The present article hypothesizes that the Life was probably written initially in a secular style as a military tale (the “wolf”) in the second half of the thirteenth century. This military tale was the foundational layer for the subsequent writing of the Life. Some time later, probably in the second half of the fourteenth century (before 1377), an ecclesiastical redactor edited the text of the military tale adding phrases in a hagiographic style (the “sheep’s clothing”), thus creating a chronicle tale about the life of Alexander Nevskii. In the second half of the fifteenth century, a further editing took place as anti-Tatar interpolations were added, thus creating the First Redaction of the Life of Alexander Nevskii. Following a text critical analysis, this article reconstructs the First Redaction of the Life, in which the two styles are delineated. Then the article provides a translation into English of the hypothetical version of the non-extant military tale about Alexander Nevskii.

scholarly journals CITY NOTARIES AND THE ADMINISTRATION OF A TERRITORY: LUCCA, 1430–1501

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 183-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Bratchel
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
City State ◽  
Precise Role

In Lucca in 1430 the republic was restored after 30 years of princely rule. The restored republic ruled over a territory that included much of the Versilia and parts of the Garfagnana. The important role played by notaries in the administration of the territories of both cities and princes has long been recognized. Moving rapidly from office to office, notaries were key figures in the courts, as administrators, and for the fisc. The present article examines the functions, personnel, reputation and effectiveness of notaries in the service of fifteenth-century Lucca following the restoration of liberty. Much attention has been paid to state-formation and territorial administration in the recent literature; relatively little to the precise role played by notaries. This article aims to provide a case study against which experiences elsewhere can be measured. Lucca was distinctive in the fifteenth-century context by virtue of its continued independence as a traditional city-state. Comparisons have been drawn between Lucca and its neighbouring states, but with due recognition of the obvious differences that divide Lucca both from the newer territorial conglomerations and from subjected cities that continued to enjoy extensive, supervised rights over their local administration.

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