scholarly journals International banking and financial fragility: the role of regulation in Brazil and Mexico, 1967–1982

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Sebastian Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Capital Controls ◽  
International Banking ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
International Debt ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Mobility System ◽  
The Relationship

The shortcomings and potential dangers of international financial flows for the health and stability of domestic banking systems in developing countries have been copiously discussed over the last decades. While the importance of capital controls and regulation as determining factors has been widely emphasised, the extent to which these policies work in episodes of financial crisis is still a matter of debate. This article examines the relationship between supervisory frameworks and banking fragility in Mexico and Brazil in the wake of the international debt crisis of 1982. It shows that the model of international banking intermediation that evolved out of the stringent capital mobility system in Brazil was considerably less vulnerable to crisis than in Mexico, which had a more lightly regulated regime. These findings provide insights into historical debates about the implications of prudential regulation and capital controls for the development and expansion of foreign finance, and whether the risks underlying international banking are necessarily inherent in the process of financial globalisation.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEPTH AND BREADTH OF VOCABULARY KNOWLEDGE AND LISTENING COMPREHENSION ACROSS DIFFERENT PROFICIENCY LEVELS AMONG IRANIAN EFL LEARNERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
SASAN BALEGHIZADEH ◽  
PAYAM PAYAM
Keyword(s):  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
English Language ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Ability Group ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Listening Proficiency ◽  
Listening Ability ◽  
The Relationship

This study was an attempt to investigate the particular role of learners’ depth and breadth of vocabulary knowledge in their listening comprehension. Moreover, it also sought to find out whether there is any difference between high and low listening proficiency groups in performance on depth and breadth dimensions of vocabulary knowledge. To this end, a total of 117 junior university students majoring in English language and literature participated in the study. In order to assess the learners’ listening comprehension, the listening section of a paper-based version of the TOEFL was administered. Their depth and breadth of vocabulary knowledge were measured through performance on Word Associate Test and Vocabulary Levels Test, respectively. The results of data analysis indicated that both depth and breadth of vocabulary knowledge are determining factors in successful listening comprehension. However, it was found out that breadth or size of vocabulary knowledge provides a more significant contribution than depth to listening comprehension. Furthermore, the results of the study indicated that depth and breadth of vocabulary knowledge are not significant predictors of listening comprehension in the low listening ability group.

ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF COMBATING CORRUPTION IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Rysin ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Bukovska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Market Management ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
The Relationship

Corruption in Ukraine has been widespread since the country's independence and remains one of the destructive factors for economic development. The traditional way to combat this problem in Ukraine has been the adoption of various laws and regulations, as a result, today there are more than a hundred such acts, which in general do not significantly affect the current situation. No less important problem is the specifics of the perception of corruption in Ukraine, in some areas it is considered almost the norm. The article aims to study the relationship between the spread of corruption in Ukraine and the movement of shadow financial flows, as well as to develop recommendations on ways to minimize the role of corrupt revenues as a source of capital formation. The article describes the types of liability for corruption crimes provided by the current legislation of Ukraine, describes the areas of the economy where corruption is greatest, and leads to a significant reduction in the efficiency of their operation. The dynamics of the corruption perception index in Ukraine were analyzed in comparison with a number of other countries, which allowed determining its slow downward dynamics. The decisive role of corruption as one of the key factors of illicit enrichment of public figures and the formation of shadow capital, in general, has been identified, and the effectiveness of law enforcement efforts to combat corruption has been described. The system of anti-corruption measures should be comprehensive and include some measures both to punish crimes and to create financial barriers to the movement of shadow financial flows and the legalization of proceeds from corruption. The implementation of an effective anti-corruption policy is largely related to the use of economic methods to combat this phenomenon, including increased transparency in tax and customs spheres, market management methods of state-owned enterprises and the land market, and revision of approaches to remuneration of civil servants. An equally important role in such a system should be played by information policy, which is designed to raise awareness of market participants about their rights and to form a clear negative perception of corruption in society.

Crises and capital controls in small open economies: a stock–flow consistent approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-133
Author(s):  
Hamid Raza ◽  
Bjorn Runar Gudmundsson ◽  
Gylfi Zoega ◽  
Mikael Randrup Byrialsen
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Capital Controls ◽  
Capital Inflows ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Small Open Economies ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Small Economy ◽  
Stock Flow

This paper attempts to explain the role of capital inflows in creating economic booms and busts in a small open economy with sovereign currency. We develop a stock–flow consistent (SFC) model for a small open economy while relying on the experience of the Icelandic crisis. We demonstrate the destabilising effects of capital inflows on the economy by allowing for a sudden stop, and also discuss the role of capital controls as a policy response in the event of a crisis due to sudden stops. Finally, we discuss the policy implications of our results in order to tackle the destabilising effects associated with financial flows in a small economy.

scholarly journals Supervisors against regulation? The Basel Committee and country risk before the International Debt Crisis (1976–1982)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-233
Author(s):  
Alexis Drach
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Banking Regulation ◽  
Country Risk ◽  
International Banking ◽  
Banking Supervision ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
International Debt ◽  
Basel Committee ◽  
History Of

While the International Debt Crisis of the early 1980s was the most severe financial crisis since World War II and while national and international banking supervision was developing at that time, little is known about the response of supervisors to the deteriorating financial environment in the years preceding the crisis. Complementing the political and business history of the international debt situation, this article aims to unravel the international banking supervision side of the question. Based on archival material from the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) and various central banks, the article examines how the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), then emerging as the leading forum on international banking supervision, anticipated the International Debt Crisis through the prism of ‘country risk’. The article shows that the Committee refused to recommend strict regulations in this area. It argues that members adopted this position because of the lack of good information and the difficult position of banking supervision between macroeconomic issues and individual banks’ own responsibilities, but also because of somewhat excessive faith in market mechanisms. Their discussions on country risk shed light on critical challenges of banking supervision and, thereby, on the history of banking regulation and prudential thinking.

The Loan Pushers: The Role of Commercial Banks in the International Debt Crisis

1989 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1085
Author(s):  
Leland B. Yeager ◽  
William Darity ◽  
Bobbie L. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
International Debt

scholarly journals The Macroprudential Role of International Reserves

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Jeanne
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Capital Controls ◽  
International Reserves ◽  
International Banking ◽  
Flow Management ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

There has been a lot of interest since the global financial crisis in policies allowing emerging market economies to smooth the effects of the global financial cycle. Although the literature has focused mostly on capital controls emerging market governments have relied mostly on international reserves management. This paper discusses the role of reserves in capital flow management based on a simple welfare-based model of capital flows with international banking frictions.

scholarly journals Determinants of Hungarian negotiators’ trust-level

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Szoke ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Trust Level ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Trust is considered to be an essential element of effective business relationships. However, it is not easy to build trust as it varies from culture to culture which aspects influence trust-level. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to discuss the importance of trust in cross-cultural business contexts from Hungarian negotiators’ viewpoint as well as to reveal the factors that determine their trust-level. This provides the originality of the paper, since no research like this has been conducted so far. To achieve this purpose, an assumption was formulated and tested using data deriving from a two-phase research. In the first phase, a questionnaire survey was carried out to assess the importance of trust in cross-cultural business contexts, and then structured interviews were conducted to reveal the determinants of the respondents’ trust-level. The findings show that the factors related to the relationship (e.g. previous experience, duration of the relationship, frequency of the contacts) determine the respondents’ trust-level the most, however, the role of stereotypes is also important. It is also revealed that the potential consequences of the low level of trust include more regulations, more misunderstandings, and changed behaviour and attitude. The paper concludes that even though stereotypes are not the most determining factors, their role is remarkable. The paper also formulates some practical implications, namely that Hungarian negotiators should use stereotypes accurately to avoid behaviours that diminish trust, and foreign businesspeople should be aware of the fact that stereotypes sometimes determine their Hungarian partners’ attitude and trust-level.

scholarly journals The Relationship between External Financial Flows and Economic Growth in the Southern African Development Community (SADC): The Role of Institutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1(J)) ◽  
pp. 87-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapingura Forget Mingiri ◽  
S.I Ikhide ◽  
A Tsegaye
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
External Finance ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The study examined the relationship between external financial flows, domestic savings and economic growth in the SADC region for the period from 1980 to 2009 specifically looking at the role played by institutions. The majority of countries in the SADC region are experiencing low levels of savings, which has led to them relying more on external financial flows to bridge the gap between domestic demand for finance and domestic supply. However the relationship between external finance and economic growth is still a contentious issue. Given this, the study has thus examined the link between growth and external finance in the region, specifically focusing on the impact of the different forms of external financial flows on economic growth in the region incorporating the role played by institutions. The empirical results revealed that three types of external financial flows have a significant impact on economic growth in the SADC region except ODA; however when all the different types of external financial flows were interacted with the measure of institutions, they all become significant and more enhanced in explaining economic growth in the region. This supports the hypothesis that good institutions are necessary in promoting economic growth in developing countries. The empirical results also suggest that foreign capital is another channel through which a crisis in developing countries can be transmitted to the SADC region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document