Opportunities for choice in day programs for adults with severe intellectual disabilities

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Shaddock ◽  
David Zilber ◽  
Sally Guggenheimer ◽  
Leanne Dowse ◽  
Meredith Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Work Setting ◽  
Personnel Preparation ◽  
Research Personnel ◽  
Workplace Interactions ◽  
Choice Making ◽  
Severe Intellectual Disability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Access

This paper examines choice-making in work and community access programs by people perceived to have a severe intellectual disability. The results indicate that the quality and quantity of choice-making are restricted in these settings. The impact of factors such as type of work setting, gender, perceived attractiveness and level of ability are investigated. The implications of this study for research, personnel preparation and workplace interactions are explored.

PTSD in adults with intellectual disabilities: stabilisation during inpatient stay

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Lise Bakken ◽  
Vibeke Gjersoe ◽  
Espen Matre ◽  
Tone Kristiansen ◽  
Arvid Ro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Severe Intellectual Disability ◽  
Severe Intellectual Disabilities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss interventions of stabilisation of emotions and behaviour in adults with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This topic is understudied in persons with intellectual disability. Design/methodology/approach – The aim of this study was to investigate interventions of stabilisation in persons with more severe intellectual disability; i.e. persons with moderate or severe intellectual disabilities. Five patients in a specialised psychiatric inpatient unit for patients with intellectual disabilities were included. Information about treatment of the patients was collected through case files, observations, and interviews. The authors of this paper followed a training programme for trauma therapists in addition to the inpatient treatment of the five patients. Findings – Six main areas of stabilisation of emotions and behaviour were identified: validation, anxiety relief, treatment of depressed mood, increased mastering of daily activities, protection against anxiety triggers, and facilitated staff communication. Protection from anxiety triggers seems to be a core element of milieu therapy interventions. Interventions for neurotypical PTSD patients, such as exposure therapy may be contraindicated for patients with more severe intellectual disabilities. Originality/value – Research on interventions of stabilisation towards adults with more severe intellectual disabilities is still in its infancy. The case reports may help milieu therapists to facilitate interventions towards patients with moderate or severe intellectual disabilities.

The influence of intellectual disability on longitudinal arching and symmetry of lateral and medial load of the foot

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Marta Bibro ◽  
Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska ◽  
Katarzyna Wódka ◽  
Małgorzata Łaczek-Wójtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Efficiency ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the population of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) there is a frequent occurrence of bone deformities and orthopedic problems affecting the feet as well. They are associated with a change of the loading of the feet. It affects the deterioration of the functional efficiency of the feet, often contributes to discomfort, pain and predisposes to the development of adverse changes in the upper body segments. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of intellectual disability in participants with aetiology other than Down’s syndrome on longitudinal arching and symmetry of lateral and medial load of the foot. Materials and methods: There were 38 participants with mild and moderate intellectual disability, with an average age of 23 years and 44 young non-disabled people with an average age of 20.8 under research. The main measurement tool used to assess the arching and loading the foot zones was the BTS P-WALK platform. The measurement included analysis in terms of statics and lasted 30s. Results: The comparison of both groups showed no significant differentiation in the medial and lateral load of the forefoot and rearfoot. Among people with ID correct arches of the feet were observed in 52.6% of participants in the right foot and 57.9% of the left foot, while in the control group in 56.9% in both the right and left foot. People with intellectual disabilities were characterized by a higher rate of flatfoot in relation to the control group. The hollow foot was more frequently observed in control group than in people with ID. Conclusions: In people with intellectual disabilities with aetiology other than Down’s syndrome, flat feet are diagnosed more often than in healthy peers who do not differ in body weight and BMI. Intellectual disability is associated with a greater loading of the medial part of the forefoot.

scholarly journals Ageing people with intellectual disabilities and the association between frailty factors and social care: A Swedish national register study

2021 ◽  
pp. 174462952110371
Author(s):  
Gerd Ahlström ◽  
Eva Flygare Wallén ◽  
Magnus Tideman ◽  
Marianne Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
National Strategic Plan ◽  
Severe Intellectual Disability ◽  
Home Help ◽  
The Social ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities

The aim of this study was to describe the social care provided for different age groups of people with intellectual disability, 55 years or above, and to investigate the association between such care and frailty factors for those with diagnosed level of intellectual disabilities. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were used. Commonest forms of social care among the 7936 people were Residential care, Daily activities and Contact person. Home help and Security alarm increased with age. The frailty factors significantly associated with increased social care were age, polypharmacy and severe levels of intellectual disabilities. Persons most likely to be in residential care were in the age group 65–79 with polypharmacy and severe disability. The results indicate a need for further research of how frailty factors are considered in social care and longstanding medication, especially then severe intellectual disability hinders communication. A national strategic plan for preventive interventions should be developed to ensure the best possible healthy ageing.

Milieu Training for Adults With Severe Intellectual Disability: A Clinical Illustration

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. B. Lacey ◽  
Billy T. Ogletree ◽  
Tracie Rice ◽  
Amy Rose
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Functional Communication Training ◽  
Communication Training ◽  
Special Population ◽  
Functional Communication ◽  
Severe Intellectual Disability ◽  
Severe Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Clinical Illustration

This brief clinical exchange article supports the use of milieu training (MT) as a communication treatment option for adults with severe intellectual disabilities (SID). It examines aspects of MT that appear well matched to the communication and other abilities of adults with SID. It also provides an argument that MT is not unlike functional communication training (FCT), an intervention frequently and successfully used with adults with SID. In addition, Developing Communicative Interactions (DCI), one little-known framework that advocates for MT use with this population, is briefly introduced. Finally, a clinical example is provided that illustrates the application of MT with one adult with SID. The article concludes with comments for clinicians charged with communication treatment for this special population.

scholarly journals Understanding violence when the perpetrator has an intellectual disability: The perceptions of professionals

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Lovell ◽  
Joanne Skellern
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Views And Perceptions ◽  
The Impact

Aim: The research sought to enhance professional understanding of the violence perpetrated by some people with an intellectual disability. Background: The violent behaviour exhibited by some people with intellectual disabilities remains poorly understood, particularly with regard to a clear and informative definition. Design: A qualitative study investigated the views and perceptions of professionals working directly with people with an intellectual disability in different settings. Methods: Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were undertaken with professionals from a variety of backgrounds, and four themes were generated through data analysis. Findings: Themes produced comprised the degree of intellectual disability, impulsivity, intentionality and unpredictability. Findings indicated tension between understanding violence as purposeful and explaining it in relation to the intellectual disability and/or additional conditions. Conclusion: Intellectual disability is central to understanding the impact of the other three themes, though there is a professional reluctance to use such knowledge as evidence to inform practice.

Offending Behaviours in People with Intellectual Disabilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
John L. Taylor ◽  
William R. Lindsay ◽  
John Devapriam
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Offending behaviour and intellectual disability has long been—erroneously—associated in the literature and this misattribution has shaped services for this population. In this chapter, the relationship between intellectual disability and criminality is described along with the impact on the care and treatment of people in this population. Developments in the assessment of risk are outlined and clinical interventions for fire setting, sexually aggressive and violent behaviour are detailed, along with consideration of service level outcomes. Over the last 20 years or so there have been significant developments in clinical assessment and treatment approaches for people with intellectual disabilities who offend, however more rigorous and larger scale research is required to support further advances.

scholarly journals The impact of long-term exposure to anticholinergics among people with intellectual disabilities: a scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Lamya Al Shuhaimi ◽  
Martin Henman ◽  
Philip McCallion ◽  
Mary McCarron ◽  
Maire O'Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Anticholinergic Activity ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

Background: Older adults with intellectual disability often take multiple medicines with anticholinergic activity and sedative properties to manage multi-morbidity; the use of medication with anticholinergic activity has been found to be associated with various cognitive and physical impairments. However, there are limited studies that have examined the long-term impact of anticholinergic use among older adults. Therefore, this protocol is designed to conduct a scoping review to examine the available data on the long-term impact of anticholinergic use in older adults with intellectual disability. Aim and objectives:  The aim of this scoping review is to a) map and b) examine the existing research literature to answer the research question: What is the impact on cognitive and physical outcomes of long-term exposure to medications with anticholinergic activity among older adults with intellectual disabilities? Methods and analysis: This scoping review will follow the methodology framework of Arksey and O’Malley and its developed version by Levac. The framework consists of a six-stage process to be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) reporting guidelines. The search strategy will include the following electronic data bases: Pubmed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, Medline, Science Direct, CINAHL Complete and PsycINFO. The search will include terms related to ‘Anticholinergic burden’, ‘Intellectual disability’, ‘Adverse drug reaction’ and ‘long-term impact’ with Boolean operator ‘and’. The scoping review will include studies with at least 3 months exposure to anticholinergics. The collected data will be mapped as a tabular presentation of the various physical and cognitive adverse effects associated with long-term use of anticholinergics in this group of population.

scholarly journals Supporting the development of children with moderate and severe intellectual disabilities in a special kindergarten – a practical approach

2021 ◽  
Vol LXXXII (4) ◽  
pp. 297-313
Author(s):  
Diana Aksamit
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Preschool Child ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Biological Perspective ◽  
Severe Intellectual Disability ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

The aim of this article is to characterize the cognitive development of a preschool child on the basis of selected theoretical concepts in relation to moderate and severe intellectual disability. These considerations will serve as a guideline for further theoretical analyses and practical activities supporting the development of children with intellectual disabilities. From a biological perspective, intellectual disability is a typical medical problem. In the developmental context, it means “a failure in the process of development” (Kościelska 1995; Speck, 2015). I assume that the determinant for planning and implementing the content, forms and methods of teaching in special kindergarten should be the level of cognitive development of each child. In the study I refer to selected concepts of development in the terms of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, which, as I assume, can be a field for analysis of the development of children who require multi-profile support.

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