Apolipoprotein E, Cognitive Function, and Dementia in a General Population Aged 85 Years and Over

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kati Juva ◽  
Auli Verkkoniemi ◽  
Petteri Viramo ◽  
Tuomo Polvikoski ◽  
Katariina Kainulainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Apo E ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Ε4 Allele ◽  
Very Old Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Apo E Genotype ◽  
State Examination

We examined 510 subjects representing 83.2% of all citizens of a Finnish city aged 85 years or over. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, diagnosis of dementia by DSM-III-R criteria, and Apo-E genotype were determined. The prevalence of dementia was 38.6%. The odds ratio (OR) of the Apo-E ε4 carriers (with the reference population of people with the genotype ε3/ε3) for dementia was 2.36 (95% CI 1.58–3.58). There was a significant sex difference: The OR in women was 3.23 (95% CI 2.02–5.17) whereas among men it was insignificant. The mean MMSE score (± SD) among the Apo-E ε4 carriers (15.0 ± 10.0) and noncarriers (18.7 ± 8.6) (p < .001) differed among the whole population, but not within the demented or nondemented subjects analyzed separately. This study does not support the hypothesis that the Apo-E ε4 allele impairs cognitive functions of nondemented elderly, at least in those surviving to very old age.

scholarly journals Cognitive function and risk factors in the older population: differences between the sexes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Lúcio de Barros ◽  
Larissa Gomes Peres Bomfim ◽  
Melyssa Alves Souza ◽  
Danielle Ginsicke ◽  
Mileny Esbravatti Stephano Colovati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Study Inclusion

Background: Studies have shown a sex difference in the cognitive dysfunction in the elderly where women are more susceptible to Alzheimer’s disease than men. Physical activity (PA) is an important strategy for brain health, but the exact mechanism is unclear. Santos has the largest proportion of the elderly population in São Paulo State (22%), but no studies have whether there are differences between the sexes in cognitive function. Objective: To evaluate the differences between the sexes in the cognitive function of the elderly and which factors are associated with this difference. Methods: Ninety-seven women and sixty-nine men were eligible for the study. Inclusion criteria were >65 years old, no severe cognitive impairment, preserved activities of daily living. Cognitive function and PA were assessed by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Baecke questionnaire. Results: The mean age was 75±7 and 73±7, for women and men, respectively. Both sexes showed a similar MMSE score (26, varying between 14 and 30) that was inversely associated with age. The influence of the schooling status on MMSE was greater in women (r=0.49, p=0.0001) compared to men (r= 0.30, p9. Conclusions: The MMSE score is affected by the aging process similarly between the sexes. The years of schooling have an influence on cognitive function in women that is attenuated by higher PA. Ethical Committee: CAAE 20938619.4.0000.5509. Financial Support: São Paulo Research Foundation.

scholarly journals Validation Study of the Mini-Mental State Examination in Urdu Language for Pakistani Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safia Awan ◽  
Naila Shahbaz ◽  
Syed Wasim Akhtar ◽  
Arsalan Ahmad ◽  
Sadaf Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
State Examination

Validation study of the Mini-Mental State Examination in Urdu language for Pakistani population Objective: This study was conducted primarily to validate and determine the optimal cutoff score in the diagnosis of dementia among Pakistani’s and study the effects of gender and education on the MMSE performance in our population. Methods: Four hundred participants took part in the study. Patient with dementia recruited from five major hospitals from Pakistan. The MMSE was translated into Urdu. Results: There were 61 men and 39 women in dementia group and 225 men and 75 women in the control group. The mean score of Urdu MMSE were lower in patients with dementia 18.5 ± 5.6 (range 0-30) as compared to the controls 26.8 ± 2.6 (range 7-30). This difference between groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). Educational based MMSE score below 15 yielded perfect sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of dementia. Conclusions: These finding confirm the influence of level of education on MMSE score and education stratified cutoff scores should be used while screening for cognitive impairment in this population.

scholarly journals Clinical Spectrum- Cognition, Stages, Functionality among Elderly with Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Niju Niroula
Keyword(s):  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Functional Autonomy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Severity Of Dementia ◽  
State Examination

Introduction: Although cognitive and functional impairment are the hallmark features of Dementia but it is often undetected and neglected as a normal part of aging. So we conducted this study on clinical profile of dementia patients. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the Patient’s cognitive impairment, functional capacities, and stages of severity of dementia. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 50 patients aged 60 years and above, of both sexes with the diagnosis of Dementia, admitted in Medicine ward of Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepalgunj, Nepal. The screening of dementia was done using Mini-Mental State Examination tool and the diagnosis of Dementia was confirmed using the International Classification of Disease-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Cognition, functionality and stages of severity of dementia were assessed using Hierarchic Dementia Scale, Functional Autonomy Measurement System, Functional Assessment Staging Test tools respectively. Results: Among a total of 50 dementia patients, the mean and standard deviation of age was 82.4±6.1 years, majority of cases 60 % were in the age group ≥85 years and most patients were female 56%. The mean Mini-Mental State Examination score was 9.6±3.0, and 50 % had severe impairment of cognition on Hierarchic Dementia Scale. Stage 7 dementia 32 % was most prevalent stage on Functional Assessment Staging and severe deterioration in the functional autonomy was seen in 54% dementia patients (score ≥41 on Functional Autonomy Measurement System). Conclusion: This study concludes that significant number of elderly patients attending tertiary care hospital suffers from dementia with severe impairment in cognition and functionality in various stages of dementia in the elderly patients.

scholarly journals Has the referral of older adults with dementia changed since the availability of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the NICE guidelines?

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher O'Loughlin ◽  
Jon Darley
Keyword(s):  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Excellence ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Nice Guidelines ◽  
Specialist Services ◽  
Old Age Psychiatry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
State Examination

Aims and MethodTo investigate whether patients with dementia are referred to specialist services earlier in the disease since the launch of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the publication of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines for the use of these drugs. All referrals to old age psychiatry services in two 6-month periods in 1996 and 2003 were surveyed retrospectively for diagnosis, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.ResultsThe mean MMSE score at referral increased from 18.8 to 21.5 (P=0.0005) between 1996 and 2003. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were prescribed for 35% of all patients and 58% of patients that would be suitable according to NICE guidelines in the 2003 group.Clinical ImplicationsThe earlier referral of patients with dementia to mental health services is encouraging.

Three-year follow-up of Mini-Mental State Examination score in community residents aged 85 and over

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Izaks ◽  
J. Gussekloo ◽  
K. M. T. Dermout ◽  
T. J. Heeren ◽  
G. J. Ligthart
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Floor Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
State Examination

SYNOPSISThe objective of this study was to describe over time the course of cognitive function of elderly without cognitive impairment and of elderly with different stages of impairment, and to assess if the change in cognitive function was dependent on the initial level of function. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used at two time points. The first assessment (MMSE-1) was part of a community-based study and was obtained from 871 subjects. For the second assessment (MMSE-2) a sample of 166 subjects was drawn from the subjects alive at follow-up who had an MMSE-1 score. This sample was stratified by MMSE-1 score to avoid oversampling of subjects with high MMSE-1 scores. A second MMSE score was obtained from 134 elderly, whereas 18 subjects refused participation and 14 subjects were not traceable. The median age at first assessment was 89 years (25th percentile 87, 75th percentile 92), the mean follow-up period (S.D.) was 3·3 (0·5) years. The median change in MMSE score was minus 4 points (95% confidence interval (CI) − 7 to − 2) and the slope of the regression line of MMSE-2 on MMSE-1 was 1·1 (95% CI 0·9–1·3). It is likely that the slope was underestimated due to a floor effect, regression to the mean and missing observations. However, the probability of decline decreased if MMSE-1 was higher. Nevertheless, the probability ranged from 27 to 59% for subjects with the highest MMSE-1 scores aged 85 and 95 years respectively. The latter is an argument in favour of a periodical examination of all subjects aged 85 and over to reveal causes of cognitive decline that can be treated or are amenable to prevention.

scholarly journals Study of cognitive functions in major idiopathic interstitial pneumonias

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed W. Zakaria ◽  
Reem I. El-Korashy ◽  
Mostafa O. Shaheen ◽  
Samah Selim ◽  
Kwashi J. Amum
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Impaired Lung Function ◽  
State Examination

Abstract Background Cognitive dysfunction in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is an important clinical co-morbidity that is associated with impaired lung function. The aim of the work is to assess cognitive function in major IIP and to find out the relation between cognitive dysfunction and the oxygenation parameters. Results Fifty individuals were involved in the study; 30 patients with major IIP and 20 healthy individuals. Patients with IIP had significantly lower mini mental state examination (MMSE) score compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Wechsler Deterioration Index (WDI) revealed that 33.3% (n = 10) of the patients with IIP had sure cognitive impairment and 26.6% (n = 8) had ongoing cognitive deterioration. Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) had lower cognitive function than other IIP. Conclusion There is an impairment of cognitive function in patients with major IIP, particularly in IPF, as measured by WDI and MMSE. Further large studies are needed to assess the possible predictors of cognitive impairment and their effects on the patients’ outcome.

scholarly journals APO E Genotype and Familial Hypercholesterolaemia

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 534-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
E B Duly ◽  
A J Ward ◽  
C W Kirk ◽  
N C Nevin ◽  
T R Trinick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Donor ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Apo E ◽  
Apolipoprotein E Genotypes ◽  
Ε4 Allele ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Apo E Genotype

Apolipoprotein E genotypes were measured in 83 patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) and in 175 blood donor controls. Following DNA extraction from peripheral blood, each sample was genotyped for the Apo E polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction. No significant differences were found in the levels of the ε2 and ε3 alleles between the two groups, while the ε4 allele was approximately twice as prevalent in the FH patients as in controls ( P = 0·006, df = 1). Of the FH patients, 8·4% were homozygous for the ε4 allele while this genotype was rare in controls ( P = 0·009, df = 1). These results suggest that the ε4 allele is over represented in the FH population and may contribute to increased cholesterol levels and consequent vascular disease.

Disruptive Vocalization and Depression in Older Nursing Home Residents

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dwyer ◽  
Gerard J. A. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Age And Sex

Screaming and other types of disruptive vocalization are commonly observed among nursing home residents. Depressive symptoms are also frequently seen in this group, although the relationship between disruptive vocalization and depressive symptoms is unclear. Accordingly, we sought to examine this relationship in older nursing home residents. We undertook a controlled comparison of 41 vocally disruptive nursing home residents and 43 non-vocally-disruptive nursing home residents. All participants were selected to have Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of at least 10. Participants had a mean age of 81.0 years (range 63-97 years) and had a mean MMSE score of 17.8 (range 10-29). Nurse ratings of disruptive vocalization according to a semioperationalized definition were validated against the noisy behavior subscale of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. Subjects were independently rated for depressive symptoms by a psychiatrist using the Dementia Mood Assessment Scale, the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, and the Depressive Signs Scale. Vocally disruptive nursing home residents scored significantly higher than controls on each of these three depresion-in-dementia scales. These differences remained significant when the effects of possible confounding variables of cognitive impairment, age, and sex were removed. We conclude that depressive symptoms are associated with disruptive vocalization and may have an etiological role in the generation of disruptive vocalization behaviors in elderly nursing home residents.

scholarly journals Cognitive Abilities Screening: Instrument-Short Form, Mini-Mental State Examination and Functional Activities Questionnaire in the illiterate elderly

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Pravatta Rezende ◽  
Juliana Cecato ◽  
José Eduardo Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Brazilian Version ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACT Dementia prevalence is increasing in developing countries due to population aging. Brief tests for assessing cognition and activities of daily living are very useful for the diagnosis of dementia by the clinician. Low education, particularly illiteracy, is a hindrance to the diagnosis of dementia in several regions of the world. Objectives: To compare the Brazilian version of the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument-Short Form (CASI-S) with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (PFAQ) for the diagnosis of dementia in illiterate elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional study with illiterate elderly of both genders seen at the outpatient clinics of the Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics Jundiaí, São Paulo state was performed. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to correlate CASI-S, MMSE and PFAQ scores. Results: The sample comprised 29 elderly over 57 years old whose mean scores on the CASI-S (scores ranging from 3 to 23) and the MMSE (scores ranging from 2 to 23) were 11.69 and 12.83, respectively. There was a strong significant correlation between the CASI-S and MMSE (r=0.75, p<0.001) and a moderate correlation coefficient that was significant and negative between the PFAQ and CASI-S (r= -0.53 p=0.003),similar to that between the MMSE and PFAQ (r= -0.41 p=0.025). Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the CASI-S demonstrates ease of application and correction in the illiterate elderly, and warrants further studies regarding its applicability for the diagnosis of dementia in populations with a heterogeneous educational background.

Serum Level of Alkaline Phosphatase Correlates Negatively with Mini-Mental State Examination Score in the Very Elderly of Ashikaga City: Part of the Results of the Ashikaga Longevity Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Yamakado
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
State Examination

Objective: An important medical issue in both Japan and Ashikaga City is how to extend healthy life expectancy. To determine factors associated with healthy life expectancy, we established a joint study between Ashikaga City and the Ashikaga University Faculty of Nursing called the Ashikaga Longevity Study, using new biomarkers such as Diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) tests as indicators of oxidative stress. In this study, factors related to cognitive function were clarified. Methods: Participants comprised 95 individuals (36 men; mean age, 91.0±5.1 years and 59 women; mean age, 92.2±5.9 years). Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: MMSE score was ≤23 in 28 subjects (29.5%) and ≥24 in 67 subjects (70.5%). MMSE score showed significant negative correlations with age (p<0.0096), plasma alkaline phosphatase (p=0.0007), and peripheral leukocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (p=0.0119), and positive correlations with plasma albumin (p=0.0096) and BAP-to-d-ROMs ratio (p=0.0427). Conclusions: These results suggest that cognitive decline may involve brain cell dysfunction due to inflammation based on a reduced ability to control oxidative stress. Not only anti-oxidative aerobic exercise but also anti-oxidative foods, may be necessary to maintain cognitive function.

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