Sense of coherence in elderly suicide attempters: the impact of social and health-related factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 986-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Mellqvist ◽  
Stefan Wiktorsson ◽  
Erik Joas ◽  
Svante Östling ◽  
Ingmar Skoog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Elderly Suicide

ABSTRACTBackground: An association between sense of coherence (SOC) and suicidal behavior has been suggested. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with low SOC in elderly suicide attempters.Methods: Eighty non-demented hospital-treated suicide attempters aged 70 years and older (38 men, 42 women, mean age 79.4 years) took part in an interview with a research psychologist and completed the 29-item SOC questionnaire. The interview included questions regarding social situation and health-related factors. The Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) provided symptom ratings that were used in a diagnostic algorithm for DSM-IV major depression. The Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G) was used to identify individuals with serious physical illness.Results: There was a strong relationship between major depression and SOC. While we could show no relationship between severe physical illness and SOC, associations were demonstrated with social variables including too little time spent with children, too little time spent with grandchildren and having moved within the past five years. These associations remained significant in regression models adjusted for sex, age and major depression.Conclusions: A number of social variables were independently related to SOC in elderly suicide attempters. Prospective studies are needed in order to determine whether SOC-strengthening interventions can reduce the risk of suicidal behavior in seniors.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological deficits in past suicide attempters with varying levels of depression severity

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (14) ◽  
pp. 2965-2974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Keilp ◽  
S. R. Beers ◽  
A. K. Burke ◽  
N. M. Melhem ◽  
M. A. Oquendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Past History ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
History Of ◽  
Attention Memory ◽  
Interference Processing

BackgroundOur previous work identified deficits in interference processing and learning/memory in past suicide attempters who were currently depressed and medication-free. In this study, we extend this work to an independent sample studied at various stages of illness and treatment (mild symptoms, on average) to determine if these deficits in past suicide attempters are evident during a less severe clinical state.MethodA total of 80 individuals with a past history of major depression and suicide attempt were compared with 81 individuals with a history of major depression and no lifetime suicide attempts on a battery of neurocognitive measures assessing attention, memory, abstract/contingent learning, working memory, language fluency and impulse control.ResultsPast attempters performed more poorly in attention, memory and working memory domains, but also in an estimate of pre-morbid intelligence. After correction for this estimate, tests that had previously distinguished past attempters – a computerized Stroop task and the Buschke Selective Reminding Test – remained significantly worse in attempters. In a secondary analysis, similar differences were found among those with the lowest levels of depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score <10), suggesting that these deficits may be trait markers independent of current symptomatology.ConclusionsDeficits in interference processing and learning/memory constitute an enduring defect in information processing that may contribute to poor adaptation, other higher-order cognitive impairments and risk for suicidal behavior.

scholarly journals Chromosome 22 Deletions and Suicidal Behavior in Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ali Bani-Fatemi ◽  
Christopher Adanty ◽  
Nasia Dai ◽  
Ariel Graff ◽  
Philip Gerretsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Copy Number Variant ◽  
Chromosome 22 ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Studies have shown that the overall copy number variant (CNV) load is associated with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is frequently associated with suicidal behavior. Methods: We recruited 263 patients with schizophrenia from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale was used to assess the presence of lifetime suicide attempt. Genotyping was completed using the Illumina Omni 2.5 chip. We tested the association between deletion events on chromosome 22 with suicide attempt in our schizophrenia sample. Results: There was no significant difference between suicide attempters and non-attempters considering the presence/absence of deletion events on chromosome 22. Conclusion: Although our results did not show a significant association between deletions on chromosome 22 and suicide attempt in schizophrenia, CNV studies may reveal important, novel insights and open further investigation for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases.

Aggressiveness, not impulsiveness or hostility, distinguishes suicide attempters with major depression

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1779-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN G. KEILP ◽  
MARIANNE GORLYN ◽  
MARIA A. OQUENDO ◽  
BETH BRODSKY ◽  
STEVEN P. ELLIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patient Subgroups ◽  
The Ideal

Background. Impulsiveness, hostility and aggressiveness are traits associated with suicidal behavior, but also with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The presence of large numbers of BPD subjects in past attempter samples may distort the relative importance of each of these traits to predicting suicidal behavior, and lead to prospective, biological and genetic models that systematically misclassify certain subpopulations of suicidal individuals.Method. Two hundred and seventy-five subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), including 87 with co-morbid BPD (69 past suicide attempters, 18 non-attempters) and 188 without BPD (76 attempters, 112 non-attempters) completed standard impulsiveness, hostility and aggressiveness ratings. Differences between past suicide attempters and non-attempters were examined with the sample stratified by BPD status.Results. As expected, BPD subjects scored significantly higher than non-BPD subjects on all three trait measures. Stratifying by BPD status, however, eliminated attempter/non-attempter differences in impulsiveness and hostility in both patient subgroups. Past suicide attempters in each of the two subgroups of patients were only distinguished by higher levels of aggressiveness.Conclusions. Once BPD is accounted for, a history of aggressive behavior appears to be the distinguishing trait characteristic of suicide attempters with major depression, rather than global personality dimensions such as impulsiveness or hostility. Aggressiveness, and not these related traits, may be the ideal target for behavioral, genetic and biological research on suicidal behavior, as well as for the clinical assessment of suicide risk.

scholarly journals Predictors of first lifetime episodes of major depression in midlife women

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Bromberger ◽  
H. M. Kravitz ◽  
K. Matthews ◽  
A. Youk ◽  
C. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
White Women ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of ◽  
Axis I

BackgroundLittle is known about factors that predict first lifetime episodes of major depression in middle-aged women. It is not known whether health-related factors and life stress pose more or less of a risk to the onset of clinical depression than does the menopausal transition.MethodThe Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID) was used to assess diagnoses of lifetime, annual and current major depression in a community-based sample of premenopausal or early perimenopausal African American and White women. Menstrual cycle characteristics, psychosocial and health-related factors, and blood samples for assay of reproductive hormones were obtained annually. Two hundred and sixty-six women without a history of major depression at baseline constituted the cohort for the current analyses.ResultsOver 7 years of follow-up, 42 (15.8%) women met criteria for a diagnosis of major depression. Frequent vasomotor symptoms (VMS; hot flashes and/or night sweats) (HR 2.14, p=0.03) were a significant predictor of major depression in univariate analyses. After simultaneous adjustment for multiple predictors in Cox proportional hazards analyses, frequent VMS were no longer significant; lifetime history of an anxiety disorder (HR 2.20, p=0.02) and role limitations due to physical health (HR 1.88, p=0.07) at baseline and a very stressful life event (HR 2.25, p=0.04) prior to depression onset predicted a first episode of major depression.ConclusionsBoth earlier (e.g. history of anxiety disorders) and more proximal factors (e.g. life stress) may be more important than VMS in contributing to a first episode of major depression during midlife.

Do health-related factors predict major depression? A longitudinal epidemiologic study

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Chi Zhang ◽  
Marcella L. Woud ◽  
Eni S. Becker ◽  
Jürgen Margraf
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Health Related

Self-rated Health in Middle-aged Women: Associations with Sense of Coherence and Socioeconomic and Health-related Factors

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carita Håkansson ◽  
Lena Svartvik ◽  
Jonas Lidfeldt ◽  
Christina Nerbrand ◽  
Göran Samsioe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Health Related

scholarly journals Time trends in depression prevalence among Swedish 85-year-olds: repeated cross-sectional population-based studies in 1986, 2008, and 2015

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mattias Jonson ◽  
Robert Sigström ◽  
Khedidja Hedna ◽  
Therese Rydberg Sterner ◽  
Hanna Falk Erhag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Psychotropic Drug ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychotropic Drug Use ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Background Octogenarians of today are better educated, and physically and cognitively healthier, than earlier born cohorts. Less is known about time trends in mental health in this age group. We aimed to study time trends in the prevalence of depression and psychotropic drug use among Swedish 85-year-olds. Methods We derived data from interviews with 85-year-olds in 1986–1987 (N = 348), 2008–2010 (N = 433) and 2015–17 (N = 321). Depression diagnoses were made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Symptom burden was assessed with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Information on psychotropic drug use, sociodemographic, and health-related factors were collected during the interviews. Results The prevalence of major depression was lower in 2015–2017 (4.7%, p < 0.001) and 2008–2010 (6.9%, p = 0.010) compared to 1986–1987 (12.4%). The prevalence of minor depression was lower in 2015–2017 (8.1%) compared to 2008–2010 (16.2%, p = 0.001) and 1986–1987 (17.8%, p < 0.001). Mean MADRS score decreased from 8.0 in 1986–1987 to 6.5 in 2008–2010, and 5.1 in 2015–2017 (p < 0.001). The reduced prevalence of depression was not explained by changes in sociodemographic and health-related risk factors for depression. While psychoactive drug use was observed in a third of the participants in each cohort, drug type changed over time (increased use of antidepressants and decreased use of anxiolytics and antipsychotics). Conclusions The prevalence of depression in octogenarians has declined during the past decades. The decline was not explained by changes in known risk factors for depression. The present study cannot answer whether changed prescription patterns of psychoactive drugs have contributed to the decline.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document