scholarly journals (A70) Traumatic Brain Injuries at a Rural Teaching Hospital: Pattern of Presentation and Documentation

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s19-s20
Author(s):  
A. Agrawal ◽  
A. Kakani ◽  
N. Baisakhiya ◽  
S. Galwankar ◽  
S. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The Road ◽  
Paper Form

Background and ObjectivesAnalyses of causes and trends of traumatic brain injuries help to define public health policy priorities. There are not much TBI registries, thus making documentation of injuries inadequate and accessing these data problematic. This study is aimed at identifying the characteristics of TBI and determining the efficiency of documentation of patients' records in a tertiary hospital.Patients and MethodsBased on WHO guidelines “Standards for Surveillance of Neurotrauma” we designed a proforma to collect data on traumatic brain injuries. A prospective data collection was done from January to June 2010. Data was collected on a paper form and then entered into the self-developed TBI registry database. Descriptive analysis was performed.ResultsData for a total 414 patients were collected. Mean age was 33.00 years (SD ± 16.725, range 1–85 years), and 81% male. Most of the accidents took place on highways (57.2%), commonest being the road traffic accidents (55.1%), brought by relatives (74%). The mean duration for hospital stay was 5.42 days (SD ± 8.312 days, range 1-79 days). 10% patients required resuscitation at the time of admission. Details of Glasgow coma scale were available; details regarding CT scan findings were available for 300 patients. Good recovery was seen in 68.4% and the mortality was in 7.2%. Further details on vital parameters and investigations included in the study were also collected.ConclusionsTBI related research in many developing countries is in the developmental stages with relatively few published data. Although early analysis of a TBI data can lead to useful information, there is further need for the development of a user-friendly secure web-based database system to continuously maintain and analyze the registry.

The Initial Prehospital Management of Traumatic Brain Injuries in Kigali, Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Ashley Rosenberg ◽  
Leoncie Mukeshimana ◽  
Alphosine Uwamahoro ◽  
Myles Dworkin ◽  
Vizir Nsengimana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Prehospital Care ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Traffic Incidents ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Pain Medications ◽  
Prehospital Management ◽  
Care Capacity

AbstractIntroduction:Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are an important cause of mortality and disability around the world. Early intervention and stabilization are necessary to obtain optimal outcomes, yet little is written on the topic in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim is to provide a descriptive analysis of patients with TBI treated by Service d’Aide Medicale Urgente (SAMU), the prehospital ambulance service in Kigali, Rwanda.Hypothesis/Problem:What is the incidence and nature of TBI seen on the ambulance in Kigali, Rwanda?Methods:A retrospective descriptive analysis was performed using SAMU records captured on an electronic database from December 2012 through May 2016. Variables included demographic information, injury characteristics, and interventional data.Results:Patients with TBIs accounted for 18.0% (n = 2,012) of all SAMU cases. The incidence of TBIs in Kigali was 234 crashes per 100,000 people. The mean age was 30.5 (SD = 11.5) years and 81.5% (n = 1,615) were men. The most common mechanisms were road traffic incidents (RTIs; 78.5%, n = 1,535), assault (10.7%, n=216), and falls (7.8%, n=156). Most patients experienced mild TBI (Glasgow Coma Score [GCS] ≥ 13; 83.5%, n = 1,625). The most common interventions were provision of pain medications (71.0%, n = 1,429), placement of a cervical collar (53.6%, n = 1,079), and administration of intravenous fluids (48.7%, n = 979). In total, TBIs were involved in 67.0% of all mortalities seen by SAMU.Conclusion:Currently, TBIs represent a large burden of disease managed in the prehospital setting of Kigali, Rwanda. These injuries are most often caused by RTIs and were observed in 67% of mortalities seen by SAMU. Rwanda has implemented several initiatives to reduce the incidence of TBIs with a specific emphasis on road safety. Further efforts are needed to better prevent these injuries. Countries seeking to develop prehospital care capacity should train providers to manage patients with TBIs.

scholarly journals Children with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Daphin Nazareth Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Tumour ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
The Uk

Traumatic brain injuries following road traffic accidents, stroke, brain tumour, and its treatment constitute a large proportion of children with acquired brain injury (ABI). There are at least 35,000 children being admitted due to traumatic acquired brain injury (ABI) annually in the UK (1).

Fatal road traffic accidents and their relationship with head injuries: An epidemiological survey of five years

2008 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Sanjeev Lalwani ◽  
Deepak Agrawal ◽  
Ravi Rautji ◽  
TD Dogra
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinical Records

AbstractIn depth studies of fatal vehicular accidents provide valuable data for implementing effective emergency services to reduce the trauma related mortality and strengthening legal measures in peak hours of fatal accidents. We aimed to study, pattern of injuries especially fatal traumatic brain injuries occurring in vehicular accidents. Postmortem reports and clinical records of victims of road traffic accident autopsied during the period of 2001–2005 at Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, were analyzed retrospectively. Out of total 7008 medico legal autopsies conducted during the study period, 2472 (35.27 %) were of vehicular accidents. The male/female ratio was 7.49:1. Commonest age group affected was between 21-40 years involving 1341 (54.24%) cases. Pre-hospital mortality was in 985 (39.84 %) cases. Fatal traumatic brain injuries were seen in 1699 (68.73%) cases. Skull fractures were found in 1183 (69.63%) cases of head injury; most common bone fractured was temporal bone (n=559, 47.25%). The commonest variety of intracranial hemorrhage was subdural hemorrhage (n=1514, 89.11%). The craniotomy was done in 297 (17.48%) cases; maximum mortality (41.07%) was seen within 4–ays. Most commonly injured abdominal organ was liver (n=532, 21.52%). No significant difference was evident in incidence of fatal vehicular accident on weekends and weekdays. However November month took maximum toll of deaths (n=273, 11.04%) of total vehicular accident fatalities in five year duration. 53.20% of fatal accident occurred between 6 PM and 6 AM. The results of study emphasize the need to improve the pre hospital care with provision of trauma services at site and to establish neurosurgical facilities with trauma registry.

Analysis of Vehicle–Pedestrian Interactive Behaviors near Unsignalized Crosswalk

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199906
Author(s):  
Byeongjoon Noh ◽  
Dongho Ka ◽  
David Lee ◽  
Hwasoo Yeo
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Vehicle Velocity ◽  
Behavioral Features ◽  
Velocity Changes ◽  
On The Road

Road traffic accidents are a leading cause of premature deaths and globally pose a severe threat to human lives. In particular, pedestrians crossing the road present a major cause of vehicle–pedestrian accidents in South Korea, but we lack dense behavioral data to understand the risk they face. This paper proposes a new analytical system for potential pedestrian risk scenes based on video footage obtained by road security cameras already deployed at unsignalized crosswalks. The system can automatically extract the behavioral features of vehicles and pedestrians, affecting the likelihood of potentially dangerous situations after detecting them in individual objects. With these features, we can analyze the movement patterns of vehicles and pedestrians at individual sites, and understand where potential traffic risk scenes occur frequently. Experiments were conducted on four selected behavioral features: vehicle velocity, pedestrian position, vehicle–pedestrian distance, and vehicle–crosswalk distance. Then, to show how they can be useful for monitoring the traffic behaviors on the road, the features are visualized and interpreted to show how they may or may not contribute to potential pedestrian risks at these crosswalks: (i) by analyzing vehicle velocity changes near the crosswalk when there are no pedestrians present; and (ii) analyzing vehicle velocities by vehicle–pedestrian distances when pedestrians are on the crosswalk. The feasibility of the proposed system is validated by applying the system to multiple unsignalized crosswalks in Osan city, South Korea.

Analysis of Driver's Characteristics Based on Internet of Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 1148-1152
Author(s):  
Jian Qun Wang ◽  
Xiao Qing Xue ◽  
Ning Cao
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Road ◽  
The University ◽  
Driver’S Characteristics

The road traffic accidents caused huge economic losses and casualties, so it had been focused by the researchers. Lane changing characteristic is the most relevant characteristic with safety. The intent of lane changing was discussed. Firstly, the factors affecting the intent were analyzed, the speed satisfaction value and the space satisfaction value were proposed; then the data from the University of California, Berkeley was extracted and the number of vehicles changed lane more often and the vehicle ID were obtained; the BP neural network classification model was established, it was trained and testified by actual data. The results shown the method could predict the intent accurately.

LIGHT REGULATION SYSTEMS IMPROVEMENT ANALYSIS TO FORECAST THE TRANSPORT FLOWS IN ALMATY

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Assel Aliyadynovna Sailau
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Light Regulation ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transport Telematics

The number of vehicles on the roads of Almaty, Kazakhstan is growing from year to year. This brings about an increasing intensity and density of traffic flows in the streets which leads to congestion, decreasing speed of the traffic flow, increasing environmental pollution caused by car emissions, and which can potentially lead to the road traffic accidents (RTA), including fatalities. While the number of injuries grows up mainly due to drivers’ non-compliance with the speed limit, the environmental pollution is caused by longer traffic jams. Therefore, to reduce the level of road traffic injuries and emissions into the environment it is necessary to ensure the uniform movement of traffic flows in cities. Currently, one of the effective ways to do it is the use of transport telematics systems, in particular, control systems for road signs, road boards and traffic lights. The paper presents an analysis of existing systems and methods of traffic light regulation. The  analyses of the systems and methods are based on the use of homogeneous data, that is the data on standard parameters of traffic flows. The need in collecting and analyzing additional semi-structured data on the factors that have a significant impact on the traffic flows parameters in cities is shown as well. The work is dedicated to solving the problem of analysis and forecast of traffic flows in the city of Almaty, Kazakhstan. GPS data on the location of individual vehicles is used as the initial data for solving this problem. By projecting the obtained information onto the graph of the city's transport network, as well as using additional filtering, it is possible to obtain an estimate of individual parameters of traffic flows. These parameters are used for short-term forecast of the changes in the city's transport network.

SOME TRAFFIC SAFETY ISSUES AT UNREGULATED PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS IN THE CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12(81)) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
V. Volkov ◽  
E. Nabatnikova ◽  
E. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Hourly Interval ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Probability Estimates ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Speed Mode

The groups of participants of the pedestrian and automobile flows, whose actions cause the greatest danger to the occurrence of conflict situations in the zone of unregulated transition, are identified. The factors determining the likelihood of a traffic accident at an unregulated transition are systematized, for which probability estimates of the occurrence of road traffic accidents are calculated. As an estimated parameter, the hazard coefficient of a conflict point of an unregulated transition is proposed, which is determined by the ratio of the probability of a traffic accident in the real-time hourly interval to the average annual probability of a traffic accident reduced to the hourly interval. The dependences of the hazard ratio of an unregulated transition are established on the most significant factors: the speed mode of transport in the area before the transition and the state of the road surface.

scholarly journals An overview on pedestrians involved in traffic accidents in Latvia: Years 2010-2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 01004 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bukova-Zideluna ◽  
A. Villerusa ◽  
A. Lama
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Adverse Weather

Latvian national road accident statistics shows that for the vulnerable road users’ situation is critical, since pedestrians are involved in more than a quarter of road traffic accidents. This paper gives an analysis on pedestrians involved in road traffic accidents based on the road safety accident database in Latvia for the years 2010–2014. The total number of cases does not change significantly, however there has been an increase in pedestrian fatality rates over the period. From the total number of traffic accidents with pedestrians involved 92.4% had injuries, 6.8% were lethal cases and others didn't suffer from injuries. Out of 342 fatalities 37.7% occurred during the winter period, 56.1% in adverse weather (overcast, fog, rain or snow), 69.9% during twilight or darkness and 26.9% on weekends. Out of all accidents 55.3% occurred in the capital city Riga, but fatality rate was higher on main state roads. 8.1% of the total number of pedestrians involved in road traffic accidents was found to have alcohol in their blood right after the road traffic accident. Fatality rate was higher for those with exceeded BAC. Pedestrian injury risk analysis was associated with demographical and traffic-related factors, urbanization, visibility and seasonal patterns.

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