(P2-44) Use of Non-Traditional Technological Methodologies to Advance the Epidemiology & Management of Human Stampedes in Developing Countries: Case Series on Chinese School Stampedes

ObjectiveHuman-stampede events are emerging epidemics with large unplanned or impromptu mass gatherings. They are increasing in frequency worldwide, yet little is known of the epidemiology and other characteristics that would allow for communities to prepare, prevent and properly manage medical outcomes. We report a non-traditional methodology to identify a stampede's epidemiological characteristics using news reports, social networking, and systematic search of the internet. This hitherto unused technological dimension is a useful adjunct to obtain crucial data on mortality and morbidity, improve immediate understanding of the pathophysiology of the event, and provides opportunities to develop public education to remove potential bottlenecks and improve crowd control of these preventable tragedies.MethodA LexisNexis search was followed by sequential searches of multiple internet-based English-language news agencies and the few research reports available in the scientific literature. Date, country, geographical region, time of occurrence, type of event, location, mechanism, number of participants, number injured, and number of deaths were recorded. Descriptive analysis was performed for deaths, injuries and location for this abstract.ResultsFollowing an extensive search of media accounts and research reports, a total of 263 human stampede events were identified worldwide between 1980 and 2011 resulting in 8,268 deaths and over 16,707 injuries. Major Religious assemblages, particularly in India and the Middle East, accounted for the highest number of fatalities. Precipitants of stampedes follow a geographical pattern; In Africa, sporting and political events and in Europe, entertainment venues sparked stampedes. This case series reports 7 incidents in China. All cases occurred in the recess hour of schools, when students formed a bottleneck at narrow staircases, resulting in 27 deaths and 168 injured.ConclusionUnderstanding the triggers in mass gatherings for a human stampede have been greatly aided by advances in social networking, internet and video mobile phones. Particularly in difficult environments which were previously difficult to document. The patterns identified in this study can appreciably add to community level preparedness, prevention and improved clinical understanding and management at prehospital and hospital levels.

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Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Stampedes

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1097/dmp.0b013e3181c5b4ba ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 217-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Yu-Hsiang Hsieh ◽

Ka Ming Ngai ◽

Frederick M. Burkle ◽

Edbert B. Hsu

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

English Language ◽

Relative Number ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Median Number ◽

Mass Casualty ◽

Rank Test ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

News Reports ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

ABSTRACTObjective: The potential for deadly human stampedes to occur at any mass gathering event highlights this unique form of crowd disaster as deserving of special attention from both scientific and planning perspectives. Improved understanding of human stampedes is indispensable in the mitigation of this type of mass casualty. With relatively few peer-reviewed reports on deadly human stampedes, information from news reports and the Internet is essential to increased collective understanding. Without incorporating nontraditional sources, no other way to reasonably acquire sufficient data is available. This study analyzed human stampede events from 1980 to 2007 to identify epidemiological characteristics associated with increased mortality.Methods: A LexisNexis search was followed by sequential searches of multiple Internet-based English-language news agencies. Date, country, geographical region, time of occurrence, type of event, location, mechanism, number of participants, number injured, and number of deaths were recorded. Bivariate analyses of number of deaths or injuries were conducted using a nonparametric Wilcoxon rank test. Multivariate regression was performed to determine the factors associated with increased number of fatalities during stampede events.Results: A total of 215 human stampede events were reported from 1980 to 2007, resulting in 7069 deaths and at least 14,078 injuries from 213 events with available fatality information and 179 events with injury information. In bivariate analysis, stampedes occurring in the Middle East, in developing countries, outdoors, or associated with religious events had the highest median number of deaths. In multivariate analysis, events that occurred in developing countries and outdoors were associated with increased number of fatalities. Stampedes that occurred in the context of sports, religious, music, and political events, or that had a unidirectional mechanism, also increased the relative number of deaths.Conclusions: Several epidemiological features of human stampedes associated with increased mortality are identified. Standardized collection of epidemiological data pertaining to human stampedes is strongly recommended, and further study of this recurrent, distinctive disaster is warranted. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3:217–223)

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Congenital Zika Virus Infection Paradigm: What is in the Wardrobe? A Narrative Review

East Africa Science ◽

10.24248/easci.v1i1.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 49-56

Author(s):

Mariam M. Mirambo ◽

Lucas Matemba ◽

Mtebe Majigo ◽

Stephen E. Mshana

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Zika Virus ◽

English Language ◽

Case Reports ◽

Case Series ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Ocular Manifestations ◽

Zika Virus Infection ◽

N 93

Background: Zika virus infection during pregnancy has been recently associated with congenital microcephaly and other severe neural tube defects. However, the magnitude of confirmed cases and the scope of these anomalies have not been extensively documented. This review focuses on the magnitude of laboratory-confirmed congenital Zika virus cases among probable cases and describing the patterns of congenital anomalies allegedly caused by the Zika virus, information which will inform further research in this area. Methods: We conducted a literature search for English-language articles about congenital Zika virus infection using online electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, POPLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge). The search terms used were, “zika”, “pregnancy”, [year], “microcephaly”, “infants”, “children”, “neonates”, “foetuses”, “neural tube defect”, and “CNS manifestations” in different combinations. All articles reporting cases or case series between January 2015 and December 2016 were included. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel database and analysed to obtain proportions of the confirmed cases and patterns of anomalies. Results: A total of 24 articles (11 case series, 9 case reports, and 4 others) were found to be eligible and included in this review. These articles reported 919 cases, with or without microcephaly, presumed to have congenital Zika virus infection. Of these cases, 884 (96.2%) had microcephaly. Of the 884 cases of microcephaly, 783 (88.6%) were tested for Zika virus infection, and 216 (27.6%; 95% confidence interval, 24.5% to 30.8%) were confirmed to be Zika virus-positive. In addition to microcephaly, other common abnormalities reported – out of 442 cases investigated – were calcifications of brain tissue (n=240, 54.3%), ventriculomegaly (n=93, 20.8%), cerebellar hypoplasia (n=52, 11.7%), and ocular manifestations (n=46, 10.4%). Conclusion: Based on the available literature, Zika virus infection during pregnancy might lead to a wide array of outcomes other than microcephaly. There is a need for more epidemiological studies in Zika-endemic areas, particularly in Africa, to ascertain the role of Zika virus in causing congenital neurological defects.

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Congenital Zika Virus Infection Paradigm: What is in the Wardrobe? A Narrative Review

East Africa Science ◽

10.24248/easci.v1.iss1.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 49-56

Author(s):

Mariam M. Mirambo ◽

Lucas Matemba ◽

Mtebe Majigo ◽

Stephen E. Mshana

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Zika Virus ◽

English Language ◽

Case Reports ◽

Case Series ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Ocular Manifestations ◽

Zika Virus Infection ◽

N 93

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Masses of the Sternoclavicular Area: Case Series and Review of the Literature

Clinical Medicine Insights Pediatrics ◽

10.1177/11795565211021600 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 117955652110216

Author(s):

Parisa Oviedo ◽

Morgan Bliss

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Case Series ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Incision And Drainage ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Ganglion Cysts ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Bronchogenic Cysts

Objective: Masses of the sternoclavicular area are rare, and are not well described in the literature. We aim to present a series of patients with masses in this location and to review all reported English language cases of sternoclavicular masses in pediatric patients. Methods: This is a case series of pediatric patients with masses of the sternoclavicular area presenting to a tertiary care pediatric hospital from 2010 through 2017. Data was collected by using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes to query the electronic medical record. Chart review included age at presentation, mass characteristics, medical and surgical interventions, and pathology results. A review of the literature was then performed. Results: Ten patients with masses overlying the sternoclavicular area were identified. Four patients presented with abscess and were treated with incision and drainage. Three of these patients were then treated with staged excision once infection cleared. Two additional patients were treated with primary excision. Four patients were treated with observation. The most common histopathologic finding was epidermoid. One patient was found to have a dermoid cyst, and 1 had a congenital cartilaginous rest. Conclusion: Epidermoids and dermoids are the most common masses overlying the sternoclavicular area. Controversy remains regarding the embryologic origin of sternoclavicular masses. The differential for masses in this area also includes branchial remnants, bronchogenic cysts, ganglion cysts, or septic arthritis.

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Foot and Ankle Injections in Athletes

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

10.1177/19417381211003619 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194173812110036

Author(s):

Jonathan K. Ochoa ◽

Christopher E. Gross ◽

Robert B. Anderson ◽

Andrew R. Hsu

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Autologous Blood ◽

Case Series ◽

Placental Tissue ◽

Ankle Injuries ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Foot And Ankle ◽

Level Of Evidence

Context: Injections are commonly used by health care practitioners to treat foot and ankle injuries in athletes despite ongoing questions regarding efficacy and safety. Evidence Acquisition: An extensive literature review was performed through MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost from database inception to 2021. Keywords searched were injections, athletes, sports, foot and ankle, corticosteroids, platelet-rich plasma, and placental tissue. Search results included articles written in the English language and encompassed reviews, case series, empirical studies, and basic science articles. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Corticosteroids, platelet-rich plasma/autologous blood, anesthetic, and placental tissue injections are commonly used in the treatment of foot and ankle injuries. Primary indications for injections in athletes include plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinosis, isolated syndesmotic injury, and ankle impingement with varying clinical results. Conclusions: Despite promising results from limited case series and comparative studies, the data for safety and efficacy of injections for foot and ankle injuries in athletes remain inconclusive.

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Drug-Induced Restless Legs Syndrome

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/1060028018760296 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 662-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Edna Patatanian ◽

Melanie K. Claborn

Keyword(s):

Restless Legs Syndrome ◽

English Language ◽

Case Reports ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Case Series ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Restless Legs ◽

Drug Classes ◽

Study Selection

Objective: To review the literature on drug-induced restless legs syndrome (DI-RLS). Data Sources: The review included a search for English-language literature from 1966 to December 2017 in the MEDLINE, PubMed, and Ovid databases using the following search terms: restless legs syndrome (RLS), periodic limb movement, adverse effects, and drug-induced. In addition, background articles on the pathophysiology, etiology, and epidemiology of RLS were retrieved. Bibliographies of relevant articles were reviewed for additional citations. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All case reports, case series, and review articles of DI-RLS were identified and analyzed. There were only a small number of controlled clinical trials, and most data were from case reports and case series. Results: Several drugs and drug classes have been implicated in DI-RLS, with antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antiepileptics having the most evidence. In addition, RLS may be linked with a number of disorders or underlying predisposing factors as well. Conclusions: The prevalence of RLS is variable and ranges from 3% to 19% in the general population. There are many predisposing factors to RLS, but an emerging body of evidence suggests that there is an association between numerous drugs and RLS.

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Bacillus cereus Typhlitis in a Patient with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1155/2018/7510715 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

James D. Denham ◽

Sowmya Nanjappa ◽

John N. Greene

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia ◽

English Language ◽

Neutropenic Patient ◽

Hematologic Malignancy ◽

Case Reports ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Case Series ◽

Myelogenous Leukemia ◽

Acute Myelogenous

Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive rod that is now recognized as a rare cause of frank disease in the neutropenic hematologic malignancy patient. Because this pathogen is rarely isolated in clinical specimens, no large studies exist to guide the management of these acutely ill patients. Individual case reports and case series exist in the literature describing various clinical manifestations of B. cereus in the neutropenic patient including bacteremia/septicemia, pneumonia, meningitis/encephalitis, hepatic abscesses, and gastritis. In this report, we describe a case of typhlitis caused by B. cereus in a 74-year-old female with recently diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and we summarize the available English language literature to draw tentative conclusions regarding the clinical manifestations of this organism.

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Repeated SARS-CoV-2 Positivity: Analysis of 123 Cases

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13030512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 512

Author(s):

Szilárd Váncsa ◽

Fanni Dembrovszky ◽

Nelli Farkas ◽

Lajos Szakó ◽

Brigitta Teutsch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Individual Patient Data ◽

Case Reports ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Case Series ◽

Disease Course ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Baseline Characteristics ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Meta Analyses

Repeated positivity and reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is a significant concern. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of repeatedly positive testing after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery. We performed a systematic literature search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. With available individual patient data reporting on repeatedly SARS-CoV-2 positive (RSP) patients, case reports, and case series were included in this analysis. We performed a descriptive analysis of baseline characteristics of repeatedly positive cases. We assessed the cases according to the length of their polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative interval between the two episodes. Risk factors for the severity of second episodes were evaluated. Overall, we included 123 patients with repeated positivity from 56 publications, with a mean repeated positivity length of 47.8 ± 29.9 days. Younger patients were predominant in the delayed (>90 days) recurrent positive group. Furthermore, comparing patients with RSP intervals of below 60 and above 60 days, we found that a more severe disease course can be expected if the repeated positivity interval is shorter. Severe and critical disease courses might predict future repeatedly positive severe and critical COVID-19 episodes. In conclusion, our results show that the second episode of SARS-CoV-2 positivity is more severe if it happens within 60 days after the first positive PCR. On the other hand, the second episode’s severity correlates with the first.

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Constructing the myth of protest masculinity in Chinese English language news media

Gender and Language ◽

10.1558/genl.18823 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yating Yu ◽

Mark Nartey

Keyword(s):

Critical Discourse Analysis ◽

News Media ◽

English Language ◽

Critical Discourse ◽

Social Harmony ◽

Chinese Media ◽

Research Attention ◽

Discursive Strategies ◽

News Reports ◽

The Media

Although the Chinese media’s construction of unmarried citizens as ‘leftover’ has incited much controversy, little research attention has been given to the ways ‘leftover men’ are represented in discourse. To fill this gap, this study performs a critical discourse analysis of 65 English language news reports in Chinese media to investigate the predominant gendered discourses underlying representations of leftover men and the discursive strategies used to construct their identities. The findings show that the media perpetuate a myth of ‘protest masculinity’ by suggesting that poor, single men may become a threat to social harmony due to the shortage of marriageable women in China. Leftover men are represented as poor men, troublemakers and victims via discursive processes that include referential, predicational and aggregation strategies as well as metaphor. This study sheds light on the issues and concerns of a marginalised group whose predicament has not been given much attention in the literature.

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Breaking the language barrier? Comparing TV news frames across texts in different languages

Media War & Conflict ◽

10.1177/1750635218784835 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 407-420

Author(s):

Sumaya Al Nahed

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Television News ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Arabic Language ◽

News Frames ◽

International Media ◽

News Reports ◽

Tone Of Voice ◽

Arabic And English ◽

The Impact

This article examines two factors which have become increasingly important in today’s multi-channel international media environment, but which add significant extra levels of complexity to framing analysis: language differences and tone of voice. Through case studies examining English and Arabic language television news reports, the article considers some of the difficulties facing researchers who aim to compare spoken texts in different languages about the same events. In particular, the author focuses on the different cultural understandings of the appropriateness of emotive language in Arabic and English language journalism, and argues that in order to analyse the framing of stories in television news it is necessary to take account of the role of reporter tone in building frames. By comparing Al Jazeera’s and the BBC’s coverage of the 2011 Arab uprisings, the article aims to bridge some methodological gaps in this area, and to advance the reliability and validity of studies that attempt to compare news frames of the same events in different languages. It also considers the additional challenge of comparing tones of voice, particularly if they fluctuate throughout the story. Ultimately, the article proposes ways of going beyond literal understandings of both language and tone in order to establish the impact of both on the construction of news frames.

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