Irish Poets in Colonial Brisbane: Mary Eva O'Doherty and Cornelius Moynihan

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Patrick Buckridge
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Moreton Bay ◽  
The Press ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
The Military

This paper compares the literary careers of two Irish immigrant-poets who lived and wrote for a significant part of their lives in nineteenth-century Brisbane, using the comparison to explore some of the different ways in which Irish literary tradition could reinvent itself in a new physical and cultural environment. Early Brisbane is not an especially fertile field for the study of Irish-Australian literary writing, perhaps surprisingly, given the strong Irish presence in Brisbane society during the first half of the twentieth century. One explanation may be that whereas the Irish had a strong presence in the military and the labouring classes in the Moreton Bay Colony, the institutions of government, public education and the press — the chief nurseries of Culture in most settler societies — were dominated by the English and Scottish.

War without Frontiers: The Archaeology of the Arab Revolt, 1916–18

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEIL FAULKNER ◽  
NICHOLAS J. SAUNDERS
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
World War ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Archaeological Investigation ◽  
Conflict Archaeology ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World

The Arab Revolt of 1916–18 played a significant part in the military collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the First World War. This chapter argues that archaeological evidence indicates that the revolt's importance was probably substantially greater than has sometimes been acknowledged. The evidence demonstrates the need for a critical re-evaluation of the issue in southern Jordan. The archaeological investigation of sites associated with the Arab Revolt in southern Jordan offers dramatic insights into the material consequences for the Ottoman army of combating the guerrilla tactics of British-backed Arab guerrillas. The aim of the discussion is twofold: to give more precision to the military assessment of the Arab Revolt in the area between Ma'an and Wadi Rutm, and to demonstrate the potential of the new and multidisciplinary sub-discipline of twentieth-century ‘conflict archaeology’.

scholarly journals Tokkelossie, “’n Boesman, outa Hendrik” en ontkennende close readings

Literator ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
H. Willemse
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Structural Refinement ◽  
Scholarly Literature

Tikoloshe, “a Bushman, outa Hendrik” and denialist close readingsThis article explores in two main sections the changing perceptions of Afrikaner folklorists and literary critics on the origins of selected indigenous Southern African oral tales. With the emergence of Afrikaner Nationalism at the end of the nineteenth century, young Afrikaner activists often incorporated indigenous folktales in the development of a nascent Afrikaans literary tradition. Initially, the origins and the authenticity of such written-down versions of performances were rarely in dispute. However, around the mid-twentieth century, a period that coincides with a more confident Afrikaner Nationalism, Afrikaner folklorists came to doubt these original explanations. One prominent scholar in particular advanced views that seemed to favour European influence and structural refinement rather than indigenous origination. The second section ties in with the first in a discussion of the tale, “Klein Riet-alleen-in-die-Roerkuil” from “Dwaalstories en ander vertellings” (1927) by Eugène N. Marais. An intinerant storyteller, Hendrik, originally performed the tale which Marais, immediately following the performance, committed to print. Lately a body of scholarly literature, mostly close readings, came about which diminishes the role of the initial performer in favour of Marais’ writerly aesthetics. The article takes issue with these interpretations and argues for the restoration and recognition of Hendrik’s role as the creator of the initial performances.

The Socialist Republic of Chile

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Ray Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Political Unrest ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

By Latin-American standards, Chile has enjoyed a remarkably stable government. Yet, there have been significant intervals of political unrest marked by violence and internal disorder. At both the beginning and the end of the nineteenth century, Liberals and Conservatives clashed in bloody battles, opening wounds that festered for many years. In the early decades of the twentieth century, the military revolted three times in the space of eight years (1924-1932) in order to promote social reform. Marmaduke Grove Vallejo figured prominently in these events, first as a participant in the January uprising of 1925, later as an opponent of the dictatorship of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, and finally as a leader of the military forces that overthrew the government of Juan Esteban Montero Rodríguez and established the Socialist Republic of Chile.

The Coffee Barons of Cazengo

1978 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Birmingham
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
International Market ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Labour Exploitation ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Slave Traders ◽  
Modified Forms

When the first anti-slavery legislation was enacted for Angola in 1836, Brazilian planters began to experiment with coffee growing in Africa. They had some success during periods of high coffee prices in the 1850s, 1870s and 1890s, when a couple of dozen estates in the Cazengo district produced slave-grown coffee. Far from being abolished, slavery, in minimally modified forms, survived into the early twentieth century. Traditional slave traders were reluctant to invest in local slave crops and most preferred to supply the slave demands of Säo Tome. In Angola a rival peasant sector also evolved in the coffee business. Black smallholders responded with greater alacrity to opening crop markets than did plantations, and much conflict arose over the sequestration of peasant plots by credit-holding shop-keepers. Although the entire nineteenth-century coffee crop from Angola never amounted to a significant share of the international market, the pattern of land and labour exploitation adopted was revived in the mid-twentieth century when the colony became the world's fourth largest coffee producer. In the coffee slump of the 1890s Cazengo planters diversified into sugar cane which later also became a significant part of the modern agro-industry of Angola.

scholarly journals O conhecimento a serviço da fé: noções de ciência na Revista Vozes de Petrópolis (1907 a 1917)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Isabel Bilhão
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Diffusion Of Knowledge ◽  
New Religions ◽  
The Press ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
Argumentative Strategies ◽  
And Diffusion

Nas décadas iniciais do século XX, diante da laicização do ensino público, do avanço de correntes racionalistas e anticlericais e de novas religiões no país, a Igreja Católica precisou enfrentar uma inusitada concorrência na arena educacional. A imprensa tornou-se uma importante arma de combate, largamente utilizada tanto por membros do clero, quanto por seus opositores. O artigo analisa um dos veículos participantes desse confronto: a Revista Vozes de Petrópolis. O periódico, fundado por freis franciscanos em 1907, propunha-se a colaborar para a formação de uma intelectualidade católica que pudesse responder aos desafios de seu tempo, especialmente através de artigos relacionados à ciência e à cultura. Com base na análise de excertos de textos publicados entre 1907 e 1917, objetiva-se identificar as concepções de ciência apresentadas na Revista e as estratégias argumentativas utilizadas pelos redatores, bem como observar as redes de relações em que estes estavam inseridos e suas possíveis influências na legitimação e circulação do periódico. Pretende-se, assim, contribuir para o alargamento das reflexões acerca da participação da imprensa católica nos embates em torno da definição e difusão do conhecimento científico no país nos primórdios do século XX.Knowledge at the service of faith: notions of science in Revista Vozes de Petrópolis (1907 a 1917). In the early decades of the twentieth century, due to the laicization of public education, the advance of rationalist and anticlerical currents and new religions in the country, The Catholic Church had to face an unusual competition in the educational arena. The press has become an important weapon of combat, much used by members of the clergy and their opponents. The article analyzes one of the vehicles participating in this confrontation: the Revista Vozes de Petrópolis. The periodical, founded by Franciscan friars in 1907, aimed at collaborating in the formation of Catholic intellectuals who could respond to the challenges of their time, especially by means of articles related to science and culture. Based on texts published between 1907 and 1917, we intend to identify the conceptions of science presented in the journal and the argumentative strategies used by the editors, as well as to observe the networks of relations in which they were inserted and their possible influences on the legitimacy and circulation of the periodical. The intention is to contribute to the reflection on the participation of the Catholic press in the struggles around the definition and diffusion of scientific knowledge in the country in the early twentieth century. Keywords: Catholic press; Diffusion of knowledge; Educational struggles.

scholarly journals BRAZILIAN LEFT-WING LITERATURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (41) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Fan Xing
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Brazilian Literature

Abstract: The rise and development of Left-wing literature in Brazil is closely connected to the obstacles and dilemmas encountered during the evolution of its nation, and it is also inseparable from international political movements and intellectual trends. From the abolishment of slavery and collapse of empire in the nineteenth century, to the establishment and return of dictatorship in the 30s and 60s of the twentieth century, at every moment of crisis, Brazilian left-wing literature always played a seminal role. While criticizing social injustices, it also invigorates the development of modern Brazilian literature by incorporating different forms of language, thoughts and art. It is safe to say that left-wing literature forms a kind of literary tradition in Brazil, as it not only represents a moral and ethical stand, but also innovates the form and aesthetics.

Children, Learning and Play in the Mengxue bao (The Children's Educator, 1897–1902)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Shih-Wen Sue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This article examines the image of the child and play in the Mengxue bao (The Children's Educator, 1897–1902), an important but largely neglected children's periodical established by Chinese reformers in the late-nineteenth century, a time when intellectuals who were concerned about China's future began to question dominant educational practices. It focuses on articles that were unusual in illustrating the importance of learning to cultivating ethical behaviour and stimulating resourcefulness through play. The Children's Educator noted the importance of studying, but also encouraged children to play. This recognition that play is a significant part of childhood marks a shift in attitudes towards Chinese children and their relationship with play in the early twentieth century.

“Not Altogether Ridiculous”

2021 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
SJ Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Victor Hugo ◽  
William Wells Brown ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Colonial Authority ◽  
Martin Delany ◽  
Military Uniform ◽  
The Military

Spanning a long literary history, from 1742 to 1934, this essay argues for the military epaulette as an important material signifier through which the arbitrary nature of rank and colonial authority was revealed and challenged. This essay connects the anxieties attending the introduction of epaulettes in newly nationalized European armies to the historical and rhetorical impact of such uniforms on depictions of so-called Black chiefs, including Toussaint Louverture, Lamour Derance, and Nat Turner. In the context of eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century slave revolts and imperial and colonial war fronts, this otherwise semiotic feature of the military uniform was a catalyst for a particular kind of confrontation over authority of signification in the tug-of-war between rank and race. This essay tracks a consistent rhetoric of violence and ridicule in these confrontations as they appear in histories, novels, and plays. In the work of Walter Scott, Victor Hugo, William Wells Brown, and Martin Delany, attempts to read epaulettes produce a violent form of colonial desire that is only permitted when couched in the rhetoric of ridicule and the ridiculous. The essay’s final pages turn to the first half of the twentieth century, when the still violent stakes of subverting the uniform persist through an ambivalence stemming from the literal and figural “costuming” of the Black chief.

Reexamining Women’s Nineteenth-Century Political Agency: School Suffrage and Office-Holding

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
The Right

Abstract:Recognizing public education as a public good, policymakers have focused on providing those with direct interest in public schools opportunities to influence educational policy making. In the nineteenth century, this often meant providing women the right to vote on and to hold public school offices. Frequently conflated, suffrage and public office holding are actually two different, yet related, citizenship rights. Using state and territorial legislative records as a starting place, this article redefines the understanding of school suffrage by complicating the traditional narrative relative to its relationship with full woman suffrage. In doing so, it also provides evidence that before 1900 women were granted the right to hold public education offices, ultimately being elected in forty-three of forty-eight states before the twentieth century, thus broadening the understanding of women’s political agency prior to attaining full suffrage.

scholarly journals Riding for Health and for Pleasure: A Brief Historical Overview with Reference to Latvia in the Baltic Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-224
Author(s):  
Anastasija Ropa ◽  
Ludmila Malahova
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Pleasurable Activity ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
The Military

Throughout premodern history, horses were used primarily for labour and transportation, as well as in the military sphere. With the advent of motorized vehicles and other means of transport, the emphasis shifted to using horses in sport as well as for leisure. This article begins by examining briefly the few pre-modern European sources that mention riding as health-promoting and pleasurable activity, continues with a discussion of the more numerous and detailed references to the benefits of riding in the eighteenth and nineteenth-century sources and concludes with an overview of the rise of riding therapy and recreational riding in Germany and the Baltics in the twentieth century.

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