scholarly journals Riding for Health and for Pleasure: A Brief Historical Overview with Reference to Latvia in the Baltic Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-224
Author(s):  
Anastasija Ropa ◽  
Ludmila Malahova
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Pleasurable Activity ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
The Military

Throughout premodern history, horses were used primarily for labour and transportation, as well as in the military sphere. With the advent of motorized vehicles and other means of transport, the emphasis shifted to using horses in sport as well as for leisure. This article begins by examining briefly the few pre-modern European sources that mention riding as health-promoting and pleasurable activity, continues with a discussion of the more numerous and detailed references to the benefits of riding in the eighteenth and nineteenth-century sources and concludes with an overview of the rise of riding therapy and recreational riding in Germany and the Baltics in the twentieth century.

scholarly journals The use of clay as a medium in contemporary sculpture (1980- 2003)

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Carla Da Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Size Scale ◽  
Contemporary Sculpture ◽  
Clay Materials ◽  
Functional Ceramics

This dissertation investigates the use of clay as a medium in contemporary sculpture made between 1980 and 2003. This research focuses specifically on discussing the artists' (both sculptors and ceramists) different approaches and attitudes to working with clay, from construction, manipulation, firing and glazing techniques through to their personal aesthetics and ideas. This dissertation examines how and why the contemporary sculptor trained in Fine Art is increasingly using clay as a medium in which to work. In addition, the candidate discusses the work of ceramic artists that have moved away from the constraints of earlier, more traditional, functional ceramics and have sought to push the boundaries of clay usage in terms of size, scale, mass and concept. Chapter One presents a broad historical overview of the use of clay in sculpture. This overview illustrates the depth and breadth of the use of clay in the making of sculpture, spanning the Nineteenth Century to the Twentieth Century, in order to highlight the significant shift in the use of clay in contemporary sculpture. Chapter Two introduces and discusses a number of contemporary sculptors who work in clay in different ways. Section One examines artists using clay and other materials in the creation of installations. These include Antony Gormley and Andy Goldsworthy. Section Two discusses those artists working with clay in large-scale, including Jun Kaneko and Wilma Cruise. The architectural and environmental use of clay materials is discussed in Section Three; this includes artists John Roloff, who works with the kiln as sculpture and Joyce Kohl, who works with adobe assemblages and steel.

The Socialist Republic of Chile

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Ray Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Political Unrest ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

By Latin-American standards, Chile has enjoyed a remarkably stable government. Yet, there have been significant intervals of political unrest marked by violence and internal disorder. At both the beginning and the end of the nineteenth century, Liberals and Conservatives clashed in bloody battles, opening wounds that festered for many years. In the early decades of the twentieth century, the military revolted three times in the space of eight years (1924-1932) in order to promote social reform. Marmaduke Grove Vallejo figured prominently in these events, first as a participant in the January uprising of 1925, later as an opponent of the dictatorship of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, and finally as a leader of the military forces that overthrew the government of Juan Esteban Montero Rodríguez and established the Socialist Republic of Chile.

“Not Altogether Ridiculous”

2021 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
SJ Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Victor Hugo ◽  
William Wells Brown ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Colonial Authority ◽  
Martin Delany ◽  
Military Uniform ◽  
The Military

Spanning a long literary history, from 1742 to 1934, this essay argues for the military epaulette as an important material signifier through which the arbitrary nature of rank and colonial authority was revealed and challenged. This essay connects the anxieties attending the introduction of epaulettes in newly nationalized European armies to the historical and rhetorical impact of such uniforms on depictions of so-called Black chiefs, including Toussaint Louverture, Lamour Derance, and Nat Turner. In the context of eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century slave revolts and imperial and colonial war fronts, this otherwise semiotic feature of the military uniform was a catalyst for a particular kind of confrontation over authority of signification in the tug-of-war between rank and race. This essay tracks a consistent rhetoric of violence and ridicule in these confrontations as they appear in histories, novels, and plays. In the work of Walter Scott, Victor Hugo, William Wells Brown, and Martin Delany, attempts to read epaulettes produce a violent form of colonial desire that is only permitted when couched in the rhetoric of ridicule and the ridiculous. The essay’s final pages turn to the first half of the twentieth century, when the still violent stakes of subverting the uniform persist through an ambivalence stemming from the literal and figural “costuming” of the Black chief.

Deconstructing Mare Island

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Richard White
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The New York Times ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Photographic Essay ◽  
The Military

This is a photographic essay centered on the Carquinez Straits, particularly Mare Island. Once the Carquinez Strait was a center of the California economy. In the nineteenth century it was the center of the wheat trade. In the twentieth century, it was the center of the military industrial economy. Now Vallejo is Broke Town, USA, as the New York Times put it, and Mare Island has become a place were much of the old California is turned to scrap and shipped elsewhere. It is an industrial Pompeii, but it is also an instructive and hardly hopeless place. It is in many ways diagnostic of modern California, but the diagnosis is hardly hopeless.

Transnationalism and the New Tribe

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Field
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Popular Education ◽  
Immigration Restriction ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Economic Control ◽  
New Tribe ◽  
The Military ◽  
High Place

Among the striking developments of modern history the growth of nationalism and the proliferation of nation-states must surely take high place. To numerous peoples in the post-Napoleonic era the possibility of modeling themselves on England and France seemed both desirable and feasible in a time when language groupings, the reach of political and economic control systems, and the capabilities of armaments appeared roughly to coincide. Together with patriotisms reinforced by popular education and increasing literacy these phenomena emphasized the defensibility of both the spiritual and the military frontiers. The result, in the latter half of the nineteenth century, was a series of wars of national unification which were followed in the twentieth century by great efforts to defend the nationality thus gained, socially, through such devices as immigration restriction, economically, by tariffs and various autarchic experiments, and militarily, in two great wars.

Irish Poets in Colonial Brisbane: Mary Eva O'Doherty and Cornelius Moynihan

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Patrick Buckridge
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Moreton Bay ◽  
The Press ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
The Military

This paper compares the literary careers of two Irish immigrant-poets who lived and wrote for a significant part of their lives in nineteenth-century Brisbane, using the comparison to explore some of the different ways in which Irish literary tradition could reinvent itself in a new physical and cultural environment. Early Brisbane is not an especially fertile field for the study of Irish-Australian literary writing, perhaps surprisingly, given the strong Irish presence in Brisbane society during the first half of the twentieth century. One explanation may be that whereas the Irish had a strong presence in the military and the labouring classes in the Moreton Bay Colony, the institutions of government, public education and the press — the chief nurseries of Culture in most settler societies — were dominated by the English and Scottish.

scholarly journals Small sea, big problems: chances and challenges of military security in Baltic region

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-631
Author(s):  
Michał Piekarski
Keyword(s):  
Coast Guard ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Maritime Traffic ◽  
Military Security ◽  
Special Operations Forces ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Military

The article aims to analyze the chances and challenges related to the military security of states surrounding the Baltic Sea. Notably, the problem of the protection of maritime traffic and other sea-related economic activities shall be described. Particular attention shall be given to possible scenarios of “hybrid warfare.” Based on possible threats characteristics, several aspects of changes in organizations and ways of employment of naval forces, border, and coast guard forces and special operations forces.

Aspects of Turkana Leadership during the Era of Primary Resistance

1976 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lamphear
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Military Leader ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Primary Resistance ◽  
The North ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The Military ◽  
Considerable Period

After a considerable period of conflict with nineteenth-century traders, hunters and ‘explorers’, the Turkana of northwestern Kenya actively resisted the occupation of their country by the Imperial forces of British East Africa and Uganda during the second and third decades of the twentieth century. At first, this primary resistance was largely in the hands of war-leaders, notably Ebei, the most important military leader of the southern sections. Bitterness engendered by Hut Taxes and other unpopular British policies led to the brief ascendancy of Koletiang, an influential southern diviner, until he was imprisoned in 1911. Again the resistance leadership fell to the military until especially brutal ‘punitive actions’ in 1915 had the effect of consolidating resistance in the north. At this point, Lowalel, another powerful diviner, became the spiritual patron of the war-leaders and their followers, reaffirming the close co-operation which traditionally had existed between religious and military leaders in Turkana society. So charismatic and innovative was Lowalel's leadership that he amassed armies several thousand strong and was joined by other peoples including the Merille and Dongiro, as well as by the forces of the Ethiopian Empire, in resisting the extension of British colonial rule.

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