SELF-FOCUS AND DEPRESSION: THE THREE-PHASE MODEL

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Phase Model ◽  
Self Focusing ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Course Of Depression ◽  
Cognition And Affect ◽  
Three Phases

Some studies suggest that self-focus contributes to the onset of depression. A new cogitive model of depression, the three-phase model of self-focus and depression, is presented here to explain the mechanism of the onset and maintenance of depression. In this model, the relationship between self-focus and the course of depression is divided into three phases: (1) initiation, (2) operation, and (3) maintenance. Previous studies examining the relationship between self-focus and depression are reviewed, within the framework of the model: (1) studies investigating situations that will initiate self-focus; (2) studies examining the effects of self-focus on behaviour, cognition, and affect; and (3) studies examining the duration of self-focusing. The model is then presented and propositions derived from it are outlined. Finally, suggestions are made for preventing depression, for recovery from it and for the scope of application of the model.

scholarly journals Toward understanding three phases of individual responses to paradox

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Birkelund
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Paradox Theory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Phases

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to further paradox research at the individual level through applying a framework of three phases of individual response to paradox – recognition, understanding and behaviour.Design/methodology/approachCritical and integrative review of previous studies of individual responses to paradox.FindingsThe role of individual understanding is limited in extant research on individual responses to paradox. Individual understanding tends to be equated with behaviour, and thus knowledge of understanding is not differentiated enough, neither is the link between understanding and behaviour sufficiently developed.Research limitations/implicationsThe review does not consider the relationship to interactional, organisational and environmental contexts. The recommendation for future research is to explore individual responses to paradox more entirely, to provide an adequate ground for extending paradox theory across individual and broader levels of analysis.Originality/valueThe review contributes to paradox theory by separating individual understanding and then providing a framework in which recognition, understanding and behaviour can be reintegrated in new ways. In addition to more accurate discernment of individual understanding and of combinations of responses across phases, the three-phase framework facilitates investigation of more intricate influences across phases and paths of evolution of such responses over time.

scholarly journals Trefasemodellen – didaktisk planlægning af lokalprogression

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
Claus Michelsen ◽  
Nadia Rahbek Dyrberg
Keyword(s):  
Phase Model ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Academic Courses ◽  
The University ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Three Phases

Ved Det Naturvidenskabelige Fakultet, Syddansk Universitet, blev trefasemodellen anvendt som et didaktisk redskab til at understøtte progression i de studerendes læring lokalt i de enkelte faglige forløb på første studieår 2012/13. Artiklen beskriver baggrunden for og udviklingen af trefasemodellen og præsenterer med udgangspunkt i de studerendes evalueringer de første erfaringer med modellen.  In the academic year 2012/13 the Faculty of Science at the University of Southern Denmark, implemented a didactical tool called the three phase model. The model was used to track the progress of first year students on the university’s academic courses. The paper describes both the incentive for and the development of the three phases model and presents preliminary results based on the evaluations of the first cohort of students.

Transport of organochlorine pesticides in soil columns enhanced by dissolved organic carbon

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiann-Yuan Ding ◽  
Shian-Chee Wu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Phase Transport ◽  
Remediation Of Soil

The objective of this study is to quantify the effects of humic acid solution infiltration on the transport of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soil columns using a three-phase transport model. From experimental results, it is found that the dissolved organic carbon enhances the transport of OCPs in the soil columns. In the OCPs-only column, the concentration profiles of OCPs can be simulated well using a two-phase transport model with numerical method or analytical solution. In the OCPs-DOC column, the migrations of aldrin, DDT and its daughter compounds are faster than those in the OCPs-only column. The simulation with the three-phase model is more accurate than that with the two-phase model. In addition, significant decrease of the fluid pore velocities of the OCPs-DOC column was found. When DOC leachate is applied for remediation of soil or groundwater pollution, the decrease of mean pore velocities will be a crucial affecting factor.

scholarly journals Autocratisation by Term Limits Manipulation in Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Cassani
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Term Limits ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Econometric Modelling ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Personal Rule

Besides the introduction of multi-party elections, the sub-Saharan wave of democratic reforms of the 1990s encompassed the introduction of limits to the number of terms that a chief executive can serve. Executive term limits (ETLs) are key for democracy to advance in a continent with a legacy of personal rule. However, the manipulation of ETLs has become a recurring mode of autocratisation, through which African aspiring over-stayers weaken executive constraints, taint political competition, and limit citizens’ possibility to choose who governs. This article presents a three-phase model of autocratisation by ETL manipulation and, using new data, offers one of the first regional comparative studies of ETL manipulation in sub-Saharan Africa that rests on econometric modelling. The analysis leads to revisiting some previous findings on the drivers of ETL manipulation and highlights the relevance of other previously underestimated factors that may either discourage a leader from challenging ETLs or prevent their successful manipulation.

‘A CLASHING OF JURISDICTIONS’: COMMISSIONS OF ASSOCIATION IN RESTORATION CORPORATIONS

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-455
Author(s):  
PAUL D. HALLIDAY
Keyword(s):  
Local Authorities ◽  
Justices Of The Peace ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Phases

According to their charters, borough magistrates were to be independent of county justices of the peace. But between 1664 and 1688, the crown granted commissions of association appointing county justices to act in twenty-one towns. Though such commissions effectively annulled provisions in corporate charters, their use was entirely within the law of franchises by which such charters were granted. Three phases mark the life of these commissions: the mid-1660s, when the gentry – not the crown – prompted their use for their own purposes; the late 1660s to 1670s, when the crown used them to strengthen excise collection; and the 1680s, when they were used to support a more ambitious policy of imposing new charters on the corporations. Their use thus reveals when, how, and why the relationship between royal and local authorities changed, demonstrating the crown's essentially benign posture toward the provinces in the 1660s and 70s, thereby providing a vivid contrast to developments in the 1680s.

scholarly journals A three-phase model proposal for the evolution of scientific communication: from first print periodicals to current electronic communication system

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Bertin
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Publishing ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Electronic Journal ◽  
Electronic Journals ◽  
Effective Dissemination ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Evolutionary Phase ◽  
Consolidation Phase

Scientific communication has undergone deep transformations, since the emergence of Internet. Aiming to provide further thought on the evolution of scientific communication, this paper features a historical overview of the scientific communication advances over the last twenty years through a three-phase model for the evolution of the electronic journal and the preprints services, and presents Brazilian contemporary panorama for scientific communication. The three-phase model presented in this work is an adaptation of that one proposed by Tenopir et al. (2003) to describe the patterns of journal use by scientists since 1990. The early evolutionary phase followed the emergence of the first digital journals and the creation of repositories in the Web for publishing preliminary versions of scientific literature on the author’s initiative; by that time, most academics reproved electronic publishing initiatives. From 1996 and forward, in the consolidation phase, electronic journals were commonly identical to their print counterparts; the acceptance of the electronic format began to increase, and preprint services got underway in several disciplines. The advanced evolutionary phase started with the world discussion on open access to scientific information. The comparison of the current electronic journal with that viewed by enthusiasts in the first years of the 1990s shows that some aspects still remain to be improved in electronic formal and informal communication, towards effective dissemination of scientific information.

scholarly journals The Horizontal Effects of Charter Rights Given Expression to in EU Legislation, from Mangold to Bauer

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-215
Author(s):  
Elise Muir
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Effective Remedy ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eu Fundamental Rights

This paper investigates the relationship between legislative provisions and fundamental rights by analyzing the Egenberger, IR, Bauer, Max-Planck and Cresco cases. This paper understands these cases as an invitation to reflect on whether, and if so, to what extent, EU fundamental rights' legislation, read in conjunction with the Charter, could have an impact on the scope of application, substance and/or legal effects of the Charter. This paper argues that the Court of Justice's recent case law can be understood as allowing for EU legislative guidance on fundamental rights to interact in an upward process with the rights enshrined in norms with the same rank as EU primary law. This paper sheds light on the constitutional implications of the overlaps between legislation and constitutional norms on fundamental norms while other contributions in this special issue address effectiveness and the right to an effective remedy in a broader sense.

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