scholarly journals A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effectiveness of Brief-CBT for Patients with Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Following a Motor Vehicle Crash

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitty K. Wu ◽  
Frendi W. Li ◽  
Valda W. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Self Help

Background: Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are leading contributors to the global burden of disease. Patients attending accident and emergency (A&E) after an MVC may develop symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is evidence that brief cognitive behavioural therapy (B-CBT) can be effective in treating PTSD; however, there are few studies of the use of B-CBT to treat PTSD in MVC survivors. Aims: This study examined the effects of B-CBT and a self-help program on the severity of psychological symptoms in MVC survivors at risk of developing PTSD. Method: Sixty participants who attended A&E after a MVC were screened for PTSD symptoms and randomized to a 4-weekly session B-CBT or a 4-week self-help program (SHP) booklet treatment conditions. Psychological assessments were completed at baseline (1-month post-MVC) and posttreatment (3- and 6-month follow-ups) by utilizing Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: There were significant improvements in the measures of anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms over time. Participants treated with B-CBT showed greater reductions in anxiety at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups, and in depression at 6-month follow-up. A comparison of effect size favoured B-CBT for the reduction of anxiety and depression symptoms measured by HADS. A high level of pretreatment anxiety and depression were predictive of negative outcome at 6-month follow-up in the SHP condition. There was no differential effect on PTSD symptoms measured by IES-R. Conclusions: This trial supports the efficacy of providing B-CBT as a preventive strategy to improve psychological symptoms after an MVC.

Couples Facing the Birth of a Newborn with a Congenital Anomaly: PTSD Symptoms in the First Year

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1168-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bevilacqua ◽  
Francesco Morini ◽  
Antonio Zaccara ◽  
Chiara De Marchis ◽  
Annabella Braguglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Parental Gender ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in parental couples of newborn requiring early surgery at 6 and 12 months after birth. Study Design A longitudinal study was set up from January 2014 to June 2015. As a measure of PTSD, we used the Italian version of the Impact of Event Scale—Revised (IES-R). Results Thirty-four couples form the object of the study. At 6 months, half of mothers (52.9%) and fathers (44.1%) reported traumatic stress symptoms above the clinical cutoff. Percentages remained stable at 12 months. When parental gender and length of follow-up were compared with two-factor analysis of variance, none had an impact on IES-R score, nor an interaction between these factors was found. A significant correlation of IES-R total score was present within the couple both at 6 and 12 months (6 months—r: 0.6842, p < 0.0001 and 12 months—r: 0.4045, p = 0.0177). Conclusion Having a child with a repaired malformation represents a complex prolonged stressful situation with persistent burden for both parents who are at high risk of developing PTSD symptoms.

scholarly journals B-54 Insights into a Novel Integrated Screening Clinic: Parent Perceptions of Emotional Functioning in Acute Recovery Phase Following Pediatric Neurocritical Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1000-1000
Author(s):  
K Bradbury ◽  
A Wagner ◽  
S Leonard ◽  
C Williams ◽  
J Piantino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neurocritical Care ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Severity Of Injury

Abstract Objective Children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) requiring neurocritical care are at high risk for neurocognitive, emotional, physical, and psychosocial difficulties, collectively known as Post-Intensive Care Syndrome. Our study sought to characterize parent ratings of emotional functioning in the acute recovery phase based upon mechanism of injury. Method Twenty children (Mdn = 12.6 years, IQR = 9-15; 65% male) were screened as part of a multidisciplinary follow-up clinic 1-month following hospital discharge. Emotional functioning was assessed using PROMIS Parent Proxy Report for Anxiety and Depression. A brief neurocognitive battery estimated presence of cognitive impairment. MANCOVA was used to compare emotional functioning across injury mechanism (high velocity injury [HVI], 65%; fall, 35%). Results Groups did not differ on age, gender, and presence of cognitive impairment. After controlling for severity, mechanism of injury had a significant effect on both anxiety (p = .026) and depression (p = .004). The HVI group had mildly elevated anxiety (M = 50.5, SD = 12.2) and depression (M = 54.2, SD = 10.6) scores, while the fall group had anxiety (M = 38.0, SD = 6.2) and depression (M = 39.0, SD = 7.3) scores within normal limits. Conclusions In the acute recovery phase following TBI, anxiety and depression symptoms are more common after HVI than falls, even when controlling for severity of injury. The HVI group includes injuries resulting from motor vehicle accidents which may have a broader impact on the family and may explain higher rates of emotional distress in this patient group compared to other mechanisms of TBI. Additional research is needed to further explore variables related to emotional functioning following TBI and how they change over the course of recovery.

A Role for EMDR in the Treatment of Trauma in Patients Suffering From a Psychosis: Four Vignettes

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Laugharne ◽  
Deborah Marshall ◽  
Jon Laugharne ◽  
Alan Hassard
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Functional Psychosis ◽  
History Of

Many patients with a functional psychosis are likely to have a history of trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); some may be traumatized by their psychotic symptoms. We present a series of vignettes to describe eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of 4 patients suffering from a functional psychotic illness who had a significant history of trauma. After receiving EMDR, each patient showed an improvement in their PTSD symptoms and reported an improvement in the quality of their lives. Follow-up at 3–6 years indicated that the treatment effects were maintained, with changes evident in elimination of trauma-related delusions, reduction in anxiety and depression, fewer hospital admissions, and overall improved quality of life. Because a history of trauma and PTSD symptoms are more frequent in patients with a psychosis, and trauma may be an etiological component of psychosis, EMDR treatment needs to be researched and explored as a treatment opportunity.

A 4-year follow-up study of syndromal and sub-syndromal anxiety and depression symptoms in the general population

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ottar Bjerkeset ◽  
Hans M. Nordahl ◽  
Sara Larsson ◽  
Alv A. Dahl ◽  
Olav Linaker
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Follow Up Study

scholarly journals Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Survivors of the 1998 Dongting Lake Flood in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Dai ◽  
Atipatsa C. Kaminga ◽  
Xin Wu ◽  
Shi Wu Wen ◽  
Hongzhuan Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Dongting Lake ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Neurotropic Factor ◽  
Bdnf Rs6265

Objective. This study mainly aimed to explore the association between brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among flood survivors in China. Methods. Individuals who experienced the 1998 Dongting Lake flood in Southeast Huarong, China, were enrolled in this study. Qualified health personnel carried out face-to-face interviews with participants. PTSD was identified using PTSD Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C). Blood samples were collected from the participants to extract DNA for genotyping. Results. A total of 175 participants were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of PTSD among flood survivors at 17-year follow-up was 16.0% (28/175). Individuals with PTSD were more likely to be female, experience at least three flood-related stressors, experience at least three postflood stressors, and carry the Met than those without PTSD. Compared with Val/Val homozygotes, Met carriers had higher scores of PCL-C (mean ± standard error: 23.60±7.23 versus 27.19±9.48, P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that Met carriers (aOR = 4.76, 95% CI = 1.02–22.15, P<0.05) were more likely to develop PTSD than Val/Val homozygotes. Conclusions. Met carriers for BDNF rs6265 are at higher risk of developing PTSD and also exhibit more severe PTSD symptoms than Val/Val homozygotes among flood survivors in China.

scholarly journals Italians’ Dietary Habits During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Results of the #PRESTOinsieme Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 233-233
Author(s):  
Giulia Lorenzoni ◽  
Marco Silano ◽  
Danila Azzolina ◽  
Silvia Gallipoli ◽  
Solidea Baldas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives To assess dietary habits and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy, one of the European countries most severely affected by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The #PRESTOinsieme project is a web-based survey open to people over 16 years of age that started on the 20th of March 2020 in Italy. Survey respondents underwent a set of validated questionnaires to assess dietary habits and psychological well-being (depression and posttraumatic stress, using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, respectively) during the lockdown. Results Survey respondents were 5008, with a median age of 38 years. The female gender was the most prevalent (63%). Dietary habits were found to be associated with psychological well-being. People suffering from moderate/severe depression symptoms and posttraumatic stress were found to have more frequently foods high in fat and sugars compared to people with no/mild depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms (P-value 0.008). Furthermore, subjects with most severe depressive symptoms ate less frequently fruits (P-value &lt; 0.001), vegetables (P-value 0.013), dried fruits (P-value &lt; 0.001), and milk-based products. Conclusions Present results showed a strict relationship between dietary habits and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. Such a relationship could be interpreted as emotional eating, which has been frequently reported during the lockdown, showing that depressed people are more prone to emotional eating habits. Present results claim the need to develop public programs of psychological support for the community during the lockdown and public health strategies targeting diet. Funding Sources N/A

scholarly journals Results of the first randomized controlled trial of integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kathryn Trottier ◽  
Candice M. Monson ◽  
Stephen A. Wonderlich ◽  
Ross D. Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Eating disorders (EDs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occur and can share a functional relationship. The primary aim of this initial randomized controlled trial was to determine whether integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for co-occurring ED-PTSD was superior to standard CBT for ED in improving PTSD symptoms. Intervention safety and desirability, as well as the relative efficacy of the treatments in improving anxiety, depression, and ED symptomatology, were also examined. Methods Following a course of intensive ED treatment, individuals with ED-PTSD were recruited to participate and randomized to integrated CBT for ED-PTSD or standard CBT for ED. The sample consisted of 42 individuals with a range of ED diagnoses. Outcomes were assessed at end-of-treatment, 3-, and 6-month follow-up using interview and self-report measures. Results Mixed models revealed significant interactions of time and therapy condition on clinician-rated and self-reported PTSD symptom severity favoring Integrated CBT for ED-PTSD. Both treatments were associated with statistically significant improvements in PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Improvements were maintained at 3- and 6-month follow-up. There was good safety with both interventions, and satisfaction with both treatments was high. However, there was a stronger preference for integrated treatment. Conclusions Integrating CBTs for PTSD and ED following intensive ED treatment is safe, desirable, and efficacious for improving PTSD symptoms. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to determine whether Integrated CBT for ED-PTSD provides benefits over standard CBT for ED with respect to ED outcomes.

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