Family functioning and emotional state two and five years after traumatic brain injury

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIE PONSFORD ◽  
MICHAEL SCHÖNBERGER
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Family Assessment Device ◽  
Group A

AbstractPrevious studies have documented poor family functioning, anxiety, and depression in relatives of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, few studies have examined family functioning over extended periods after injury. The present study aimed to investigate family functioning and relatives’ emotional state 2 and 5 years following TBI, predictive factors, and their interrelationships. Participants were individuals with TBI and their relatives, with 301 seen at 2 years and 266 at 5 years post-injury. Measures included a Structured Outcome Questionnaire, Family Assessment Device (FAD), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique. Results showed that while the group did not differ greatly in family functioning from a normative group, a significant proportion showed unhealthy functioning across most FAD subscales. Both TBI participants and their relatives showed elevated rates of anxiety and depression. There was little difference between family functioning or relatives’ anxiety or depression levels at 2 and 5 years post-injury. Path analysis indicated that neurobehavioral changes in the injured individual have an impact on family functioning and distress in relatives even at 5 years post-injury. These findings indicate the need for long-term support of families with a brain-injured member. (JINS, 2010,16, 306–317.)

Predicting mood outcome following traumatic brain injury (TBI): PTA & demographic variables

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-85
Author(s):  
Clive Skilbeck ◽  
Matt Thomas ◽  
Kieran Holm
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Anxiety Depression

AbstractBackground and aims:Mood disturbance is frequent after traumatic brain injury (TBI), often assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Research supports a three-factor HADS structure (anxiety, depression, and psychomotor), although this has not been used to investigate demographic variables and mood outcome post-TBI. This study examined severity of TBI, demographic variables [age, gender, estimated premorbid IQ (EIQ), relationship status, employment status, socio-economic status (SES)], and mood outcome, using HADS factor scores from a large adult population sample in Tasmania.Method:HADS factor scores were calculated for an initial sample of 596 adults. The sample sizes varied according to those attending at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months post-TBI and the available data for each dependent variable.Results:Significantly higher anxiety, depression, and psychomotor scores were reported at most follow-ups by females, the middle-aged, and those with lower IQs. Longer post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) was associated with significantly greater mood problems. Occasional significant findings at earlier follow-ups for the factors were noted for those unemployed. Other variables were rarely significant. PTA, premorbid IQ, and Age were included in most Multiple Regression equations predicting outcome for the factors, with Gender included for Anxiety and depression at 6 months after injury.Conclusions:Key demographic variables and PTA severity relate to mood post-TBI, and contribute to predicting mood outcome. Differences in findings for the three factors support their use in clinical practice.

Adaptation Following Serious Brain Injury: An Assessment After One Year

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Clinical Usefulness ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
One Year ◽  
Major Adjustment

This study's major purposes were to identify preinjury psychosocial variables effecting social and vocational adjustment to serious traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to test the reliability and clinical usefulness of The Portland Adaptability Inventory (PAI). Twenty-five individuals with serious TBI served as subjects. Results showed the participants major adjustment problems at 13 months post-injury were psychosocial and family oriented, and that return to work or school was heavily dependent upon an individual's ability to engage in socially appropriate interactions. Predisability family functioning was associated with both the subject's return to work or school and with post-disability family functioning. The PAI was shown to be a reliable and useful measure of post TBI problem areas.

scholarly journals Symptom Reporting and Associations With Compensation Status, Self-Awareness, Causal Attributions, and Emotional Wellbeing Following Traumatic Brain Injury

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Ownsworth ◽  
Jennifer M. Fleming ◽  
Sascha Hardwick
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Symptom Reporting ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Mood Symptoms ◽  
Compensation Status

AbstractIndividuals seeking compensation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are often found to report a disproportionately high level of symptoms relative to objective indicators of impairment. Previous studies highlight that level of symptom reporting is also related to self-awareness, causal attribution, and emotional wellbeing. Therefore, the reasons for high symptom reporting in the context of compensation are generally unclear. This study aimed to identify whether self-awareness, causal attribution, and emotional wellbeing are significantly associated with level of symptom reporting after controlling for compensation status. A sample of 54 participants with TBI comprised two groups, namely, claimants (n = 27) and non-claimants (n = 27), who were similar in terms of demographic and neuro-cognitive variables. Participants completed the Symptom Expectancy Checklist, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Awareness Questionnaire and a causal attribution scale. A series of independent t tests and Pearson's correlations identified that a higher level of symptom reporting was associated with the following: seeking compensation, less severe TBI, increased age, greater self-awareness, increased post-injury changes reported by relatives, a higher level of mood symptoms, and a tendency to blame other people. Multivariate analysis identified that after controlling for demographic, injury, and compensation status variables, level of mood symptoms and self-awareness were significantly associated with level of symptom reporting. The findings suggest that mood symptoms and heightened self-awareness are significantly related to high symptom reporting independent of compensation status, thus supporting the need for clinicians to interpret symptom reporting within a biopsychosocial context.

scholarly journals Validation of the Malay Version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale among Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leong Abdullah MFI ◽  
Sidi H ◽  
Ng YP
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Subscale

Introduction: Depression and anxiety are common complications associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients but screening tools which are validated to assess these complications in the TBI population are scarce. This study investigated the validity of the Malay version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to screen for depression and anxiety among Malaysian TBI patients. Materials and Methods: This cross -sectional study recruited 101 TBI patients in which they were administered the Malay version of HADS and the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorder 4th Edition (DSM-IV) for Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) (as comparison tool). Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) and concurrent validity (using receiver operating characteristics) of the Malay version of HADS were evaluated. Results: The total Malay version of HADS score and its anxiety subscale exhibited good internal consistency of 0.80 and 0.78 respectively, but the internal consistency of its depressive subscale was low at 0.57. The depressive subscale of the Malay version of HADS exhibited high area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86, specificity of 82%, sensitivity of 76% and negative predictive value of 91% but its positive predictive value was 58%, at cut-off point of 8/9. While the anxiety subscale also demonstrated high AUC of 0.88, specificity of 71%, sensitivity of 93% and negative predictive value of 98% its positive predictive value was only 34%. Conclusion: The Malay version of HADS is a valid screening tool for depression and anxiety among Malaysian TBI population.

Predictors of Emirati Marital Satisfaction: Contributions of Psychological Health and Family Functioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-804
Author(s):  
Fatima Al-Darmaki ◽  
Hamzeh Dodeen ◽  
Saad Yaaqeib ◽  
Shaima Ahammed ◽  
Mary J. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Family Assessment Device

Based on previous work on factors predicting marital satisfaction in Emirati society, this study aimed at examining whether anxiety and depression as well as perceived family functioning would predict marital satisfaction among a sample of 1,041 Emirati married individuals. Participants responded to the Emirati Marital Satisfaction Scale along with an Arabic translation of the General Functioning (GF12) subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device and the Primary Care Anxiety and Depression Scale. Marital satisfaction negatively correlated with lower levels of family functioning as well as to depression and anxiety. Lower levels of depression and anxiety as well as healthy family functioning together explained about 50% of the variance in the marital satisfaction. The interaction between gender and depression and anxiety was insignificant. Findings are discussed within the United Arab Emirates cultural context.

Predictors of Anxiety and Depression Symptom Improvement in CBT Adapted for Traumatic Brain Injury: Pre/Post-Injury and Therapy Process Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah M. Zelencich ◽  
Dana Wong ◽  
Nikolaos Kazantzis ◽  
Dean P. McKenzie ◽  
Marina Downing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Independent Observer ◽  
Process Factors

AbstractObjectives:The current study examined the association of demographic/preinjury, injury-related, and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) process variables, with anxiety and depression symptom change in traumatic brain injury (TBI)-adapted CBT (CBT-ABI).Methods:The audio recordings of 177 CBT-ABI sessions representing 31 therapist–client dyads were assessed from the independent observer perspective on measures of working alliance, homework engagement, and therapist competency in using homework.Results:Linear regressions showed that older client age, longer post-TBI recovery period, better executive functioning, higher levels of client homework engagement, as well as higher levels of therapist competence in reviewing homework were associated with greater improvement in anxiety and/or depression symptoms.Conclusions:CBT-ABI is a promising treatment for post-TBI depression and anxiety. The current study highlights how therapists can enhance CBT-ABI effectiveness, specifically: comprehensive facilitation of client homework engagement with emphasis on homework review, and accommodation of executive deficits. The current study also suggests that the role of client age and the length of post-TBI recovery period require further investigation.

scholarly journals Long-term psychosocial outcome following mild traumatic brain injury and minor stroke: a direct longitudinal comparison

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan P. J. Verberne ◽  
Rudolf W. H. M. Ponds ◽  
Mariëlle E. A. L. Kroese ◽  
Melloney L. M. Wijenberg ◽  
Dennis G. Barten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Minor Stroke ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Psychosocial Outcome ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Cognitive Problems ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background and purpose Research suggests comparable long-term psychosocial outcomes following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and minor stroke, but no direct comparison has been made. This study aimed to directly compare psychosocial outcome over time in persons with mTBI and minor stroke. Methods In this multicenter, prospective longitudinal cohort study, community-dwelling persons with mTBI (n = 182) and minor stroke (n = 48) were assessed at 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months post-injury. Outcome measures included anxiety and depression symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—HADS), cognitive problems in daily life (Checklist for Cognitive and Emotional Consequences of Stroke—CLCE-24) and quality of life (EuroQol-5D-5L—EQ-5D-5L). Multilevel growth curve modeling, controlled for demographic variables, was used to determine outcomes over time between groups. Proportions of persons reporting persistent psychosocial symptoms at 6 months post-injury were compared using Pearson’s Chi-squared tests. Results Improvements in outcomes were observed in the first 6 months and effects stabilized to 12 months post-injury in both groups. Minor stroke cases reported significantly higher levels of HADS anxiety and a significantly reduced increase in EQ-5D-5L utility scores than mTBI cases, but differences were small in absolute numbers. No significant differences were observed between groups regarding HADS depression and CLCE-24 cognition scores. Proportions of persons reporting persistent psychosocial symptoms were equal between groups. Conclusions Psychosocial outcome is largely comparable following mTBI and minor stroke. Specific attention should be paid to anxiety symptoms and cognitive problems in daily life for which uniform aftercare seems appropriate.

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