Die Erfassung des allgemeinen familiären Funktionsniveaus: Psychometrische Evaluation der deutschen Version der Brief Assessment of Family Functioning Scale

ZusammenfassungDie Funktionalität des Systems Familie spielt nicht nur in der Entwicklungspsychologie und Familienforschung, sondern auch bei vielen körperlichen Erkrankungen und psychischen Störungen eine zentrale Rolle. Trotz dieser hohen Relevanz existieren nur sehr wenige ultra-kurze, d. h. anwendungsökonomische Selbstbeurteilungsverfahren, die das allgemeine familiäre Funktionsniveau abbilden. Diese Lücke schließt die Brief Assessment of Family Functioning Scale (BAFFS), die aus drei Items der General Functioning Scale des international weit verbreiteten Family Assessment Device besteht. In dieser Studie wurde die deutsche Version der BAFFS erstmals an einer großen und repräsentativen Allgemeinbevölkerungsstichprobe (n=2463) psychometrisch evaluiert. Mittels Multigruppen-konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalysen konnte starke Messinvarianz für relevante Teilstichproben (Frauen vs. Männer; Probanden in Partnerschaften mit vs. ohne Kinder) bei guter Modellpassung gezeigt werden. Obwohl eines der drei Items, welches als einziges negativ formuliert ist, ungenügende psychometrische Itemkennwerte aufwies, lag die interne Konsistenz bei Cronbachs α=0,71. Als Hinweis auf eine adäquate Konstruktvalidität fanden sich hypothesenkonform Assoziationen des familiären Funktionsniveaus mit dem sozioökonomischen Status sowie mit aktueller Depressivität und Ängstlichkeit. Trotz ausstehender Anwendungserfahrungen und psychometrischer Analysen der Kurzskala Allgemeines Familiäres Funktionsniveau (KSAFF) als der deutschen Version der BAFFS in relevanten Zielgruppen und bei Patienten in Klinik und Forschung, kann das mit drei Items sehr anwendungsökonomische Verfahren zur orientierenden Erfassung des allgemeinen familiären Funktionsniveaus empfohlen werden, zumal es in der Allgemeinbevölkerung mit einigen Einschränkungen akzeptable bis gute psychometrische Kennwerte zeigte.

Kontribusi keberfungsian keluarga terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif pada remaja etnis Minang

The studies show that culture and family functioning have a contribution to the well-being of youth. Ethnic Minang with matrilinear culture and collective owned, of course, also plays a role in teenagers’ lives. Researchers aim to test the role of a family’s functioning towards adolescents’ subjective well-being in the Minang ethnicity. The design of this study is quantitative with the selection of samples in the form of purposive sampling. Participants in the study were 315 ethnic Minang adolescents who had filled out questionnaires containing Family Assessment Device and subjective well-being scales. A simple linear regression analysis test shows that family functioning contributes to subjective well-being in ethnic Minang youth (R2 = 0.177, F=67.347, p=0.000). That is, family functioning as a predictor variable contributed 17.7% to subjective well-being. The more optimal the functioning of a family, the more its members feel prosperous.

Impact of Genetic Testing for Cardiomyopathy on Emotional Well-Being and Family Dynamics: A Study of Parents and Adolescents

Background: Genetic testing is indicated for children with a personal or family history of hereditary cardiomyopathy to determine appropriate management and inform risk stratification for family members. The implications of a positive genetic result for children can potentially impact emotional well-being. Given the nuances of cardiomyopathy genetic testing for minors, this study aimed to understand how parents involve their children in the testing process and investigate the impact of genetic results on family dynamics. Methods: A survey was distributed to participants recruited from the Children’s Cardiomyopathy Foundation and 7 North American sites in the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. The survey explored adolescent and parent participants’ emotions upon receiving their/their child’s genetic results, parent-child result communication and its impact on family functionality, using the McMaster Family Assessment Device. Results: One hundred sixty-two parents of minors and 48 adolescents who were offered genetic testing for a personal or family history of cardiomyopathy completed the survey. Parents whose child had cardiomyopathy were more likely to disclose positive diagnostic genetic results to their child ( P =0.014). Parents with unaffected children and positive predictive testing results were more likely to experience negative emotions about the result ( P ≤0.001) but also had better family functioning scores than those with negative predictive results ( P =0.019). Most adolescents preferred results communicated directly to the child, but parents were divided about whether their child’s result should first be released to them or their child. Conclusions: These findings have important considerations for how providers structure genetic services for adolescents and facilitate discussion between parents and their children about results.

Relationship between family functions with depression in palliative patients

Background: Diseases or health problems are a part of life that can occur at any time. Terminal disease represents a patient's irreversible health condition, so that this group of patients can be given a therapeutic approach known as palliative care. Patients who experience significant conflict in the family can increase the likelihood of depression. Patients and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in 32 subjects chosen by consecutive sampling. Measuring instrument used was Beck’s Depression Inventory. The family function scale is derived from the McCaster’s Model of Family Functioning known as the Family Assessment Device (FAD). Results: In this study, the average age of the sample was 46 years, unmarried from high school education. In the description of family functions obtained with overall results with moderate function. Correlation between the two things was found to be a weak negative correlation between FAD score and BDI score. The smaller the value score of FAD then will the greater the value of BDI. The worse the function of the family will be more severe levels of depression experienced by the sample in this study. Conclusion: We found there was a significant weak negative correlation between family function and depression in palliative patients at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar.

Family functioning, expressed emotion and quality of life in adolescents with early onset schizophrenia spectrum and affective psychotic disorders

Background: Quality of family functioning and levels of parental expressed emotion (criticism, hostility, or emotional overinvolvement) are prospectively associated with the course and outcome of a range of childhood psychiatric disorders. Aims: This study examined family functioning, expressed emotion, and quality of life, in a clinical sample of 40 adolescents presenting with schizophrenia spectrum or affective psychotic disorders. Methods: Expressed emotion, family functioning, and quality of life were measured using the family questionnaire, family assessment device, and the KIDSCREEN 27, respectively. Results: Parents scored high on both parts of the family questionnaire, the critical comments and emotional over-involvement. Higher expressed emotion was associated with more emotional difficulties of both parents, especially depressive features. Economic difficulties of the family were found to be negatively associated with the adolescents’ psychological wellbeing. Conclusion: Overall, the study points out the need for appropriate family interventions, which will assist the caregivers in developing communication and problem-solving strategies and will contribute to the reduction of high levels of hostile or critical expressed emotion and emotional over-involvement within the family.

The Effects of Family Psychoeducation Courses on Depression, Anxiety and Family Functioning in the Caregivers of Schizophrenic Patients

Background: Schizophrenia is one of the most serious psychiatric diseases that affects the patient’s family members in addition to the patient himself. This disease can lead to depression and anxiety in the family members of the patient and even affect their functioning. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of a short-term family psychoeducation course on the depression and anxiety family functioning in caregivers Methods: In this before-after clinical trial, 163 first-degree family members of patients with schizophrenia were invited to participate in a short-term FPE course. A total of 65 of this group attended the first training session. Prior to the first session, the beck depression inventory (BDI), the beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and the family assessment device (FAD) were completed for the participants based on a family functioning model. Six months after the end of the FPE course, the 36 subjects who had completed the initial questionnaires and fully attended the sessions were invited to complete the questionnaires again. A total of 31 subjects completed the questionnaires again at this stage. The data were analyzed by SPSS-20 software using Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon rank tests. Results: The mean age of the participants in both stages of questionnaire completion was 48.64 ± 11.85 years. Among them, 16 (51.6%) were female, and 15 (48.4%) were male. Also, six (19.4%) subjects had an education above high school, and mothers were the most frequent participating family members with a frequency of 11 (35.5%). The anxiety and depression scores of these subjects were 10.8 ± 5.14 and 6.9 ± 2.45 at baseline, respectively. These scores decreased significantly after six months to 5.03 ± 2.48 and 4.40 ± 1.9, respectively. In addition, among family functioning, Role and Behavioral control was significantly improved (P-value < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that depression and anxiety levels decreased in the family members of the examined patients six months after an FPE course. This effect can be further investigated through studies conducted with control groups. These findings suggest that the integration and institutionalization of FPE programs in the healthcare system are essential for improving the status of patient caregivers with severe psychiatric illnesses and their families.

The Impact of Rare Genetic Disorders on Family Functioning

The increasing presence of genetic neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) results in greater demands for counseling. Many studies focus on the characteristics of patients, but less on family functioning. The aim of this study is to objectify parental stress and to study its relationship with child characteristics and environmental factors across several syndromes. 56 individuals with NDD participated: 24 with Kleefstra Syndrome, 13 with Koolen-de Vries Syndrome, and 19 with other rare (mono) genetic disorders. Parents were asked to complete the General Functioning subscale of the Family Assessment Device (FAD-GF), the Child Behavioral Checklist, and a questionnaire about demographic parental data. 25.5% of the families scored above the cut-off for pathological stress (>2.17). The mean FAD–GF score was 1.84. There was no significant difference between mean FAD-score of the subgroups (p=0,70). (Para)medical counselors should address this high amount of parental stress during counseling and consider these genetic syndromes as complex chronical illnesses.

The Effect Of Family Functioning On Moral Disengagement In Adolescents Mediated By Religiosity

This study aimed to observe the correlation of family functionality and moral disengagement among the adolescents mediated by religiosity. It involved the adolescents (N =263) aged from 13 to 17 years old. The measurement tools used in this study included the scale of family functionality using family assessment device (FAD) made by Epstein et al. (1983), The scale of Indonesian-Psychological Measurement of Islamic Religiousness (I-PMIR) arranged by Salsabila et al. (2019), and Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement developed by Bandura et al. (1996). Correlation coefficient showed that the family functionality was correlated with religiosity and moral disengagement. In contrast, religiosity was negatively correlated with moral disengagement. Analysis used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) program AMOS 24, The results of this study showed that the religiosity fully mediated the correlation of family functionality and moral disengagement. The implementation of this study showed that to decrease the level of moral disengagement among adolescents there should be the involvement of communication among the family members and parents need to embed the religious values in family and make the adolescents to habitually do the order that has been suggested by religion.

Relación entre Funcionamiento familiar e Identidad sexual en estudiantes adolescentes de instituciones educativas de Lima

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la variable de funcionamiento familiar e identidad sexual enestudiantes adolescentes de instituciones educativas de Lima. Metodología: diseño no experimental,enfoque cuantitativo, de corte transversal y de tipo correlacional. Para la medición de la variable defuncionamiento familiar se utilizó la escala de Family Assessment Device (FAD) elaborado por Epsteinet al (1983); y la para la medición de la variable identidad sexual se utilizó Cuestionario de exploraciónde identidad sexual (CEIS), elaborado por León, Chaigneau, Rodríguez y Peña (2014). La muestraestuvo compuesta por 285 estudiantes que cursan el tercer, cuarto y quinto año del nivel secundario.Resultados: Se encontró relación negativa entre el nivel de funcionamiento familiar y la dimensiónfantasía/ conducta homosexual (rho= -.003; p>.05). Asimismo, no se encontró relación altamentesignificativa entre el funcionamiento familiar y la dimensión acuerdo con su sexo (rho = -.072; p< .01).Sin embargo, se encontró relación positiva altamente significativa con la dimensión fantasía/ conductaheterosexual (rho= .177; p> .01), es decir, cuánto mayor sea el funcionamiento familiar mayor será lafantasía/ conducta heterosexual. Conclusión: Existe relación negativa entre funcionamiento familiary la dimensión conducta homosexual, sin embargo se encontró relación positiva entre funcionamientofamiliar y la dimensión conducta heterosexual.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the General Functioning Subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device

Background: The aim of the study was to conduct a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the General Functioning Subscale (GF12) of the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) into the Malay language. Methods: The translation and adaptation procedure of the Malay GF12 was based on the dual-panel methodology. This involved conducting a bilingual panel (providing the initial translation into Malay language) followed by a lay panel (where items are assessed for comprehension and acceptability). A mixed-methods approach with exploratory sequential study design was employed.Results: Two hundred and fifty-one families who have children in pre-schools (Tadikas) answered the Malay GF12. The KMO value for sampling adequacy was 0.81, indicating the sample was adequate for factor analysis. The Malay GF12 demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient > 0.80). In the confirmatory factor analysis, the original 12-item model did not fit very well. Alternatively, a 2-factor-6-item model showed a sufficient fit. The two constructs comprised Positive Items and Negative Items. Conclusions: The results indicate the feasibility of administering 6 of the 12 items of Malay GF12 (3 positively worded and 3 negatively worded) to measure family functioning in the Malaysian population.