Was the COVID-19 Pandemic Associated with Gender Disparities in Authorship of Manuscripts Submitted to Clinical Neuropsychology Journals?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Babicz ◽  
Anastasia Matchanova ◽  
Robiann Broomfield ◽  
Libby A. DesRuisseaux ◽  
Michelle M. Gereau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Number Of Authors ◽  
Binary Gender

Abstract Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated gender disparities in some academic disciplines. This study examined the association of the pandemic with gender authorship disparities in clinical neuropsychology (CN) journals. Method: Author bylines of 1,018 initial manuscript submissions to four major CN journals from March 15 through September 15 of both 2019 and 2020 were coded for binary gender. Additionally, authorship of 40 articles published on pandemic-related topics (COVID-19, teleneuropsychology) across nine CN journals were coded for binary gender. Results: Initial submissions to these four CN journals increased during the pandemic (+27.2%), with comparable increases in total number of authors coded as either women (+23.0%) or men (+25.4%). Neither the average percentage of women on manuscript bylines nor the proportion of women who were lead and/or corresponding authors differed significantly across time. Moreover, the representation of women as authors of pandemic-related articles did not differ from expected frequencies in the field. Conclusions: Findings suggest that representation of women as authors of peer-reviewed manuscript submissions to some CN journals did not change during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies might examine how risk and protective factors may have influenced individual differences in scientific productivity during the pandemic.

Was the COVID-19 Pandemic Associated with Gender Disparities in Authorship of Manuscripts Submitted to Clinical Neuropsychology Journals?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Paul Woods
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Databases ◽  
Binary Gender

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated gender disparities in scientific output in some academic disciplines. Clinical neuropsychology has a history of gender disparities in multiple professional domains, including authorship on peer-reviewed manuscripts. This study examined the association of the COVID-19 pandemic with gender authorship disparities in clinical neuropsychology journals. Method: The author bylines of 1,018 initial manuscript submissions to four major clinical neuropsychology journals from March 15 through September 15 of both 2019 and 2020 were coded for binary gender using estimates from national databases. In addition, authorship of 40 articles published on pandemic-related topics (e.g., COVID-19, teleneuropsychology) across nine clinical neuropsychology journals were also coded for binary gender. Results: Initial submissions to clinical neuropsychology journals increased by 27.2% during the pandemic, with comparable increases in the total number of authors coded as either women (+23.0%) or men (+25.4%). Neither the average percentage of women on manuscript bylines nor the proportion of women who were lead and/or corresponding authors differed significantly across time. Moreover, the representation of women as authors of pandemic-related articles did not differ from expected frequencies in the field. Conclusions: These encouraging findings suggest that representation of women as authors of peer-reviewed manuscript submissions to clinical neuropsychology journals did not change during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to the prior year. Future studies might examine the roles of risk (e.g., caretaking responsibilities) and protective (e.g., sponsorship, resilience) factors that might influence individual differences in scientific productivity during the pandemic.

Gender Disparities in the Author Bylines of Articles Published in Clinical Neuropsychology Journals from 1985 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Matchanova ◽  
Michelle A. Babicz ◽  
Jennifer L. Thompson ◽  
Briana Johnson ◽  
Irene J. Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Women Authors ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Female Authorship ◽  
Child Neuropsychology

Objective: Women are becoming more prevalent in clinical neuropsychology, but gender bias and disparities persist across multiple professional domains. This study examined potential gender disparities in historical authorship trends across commonly read journals in clinical neuropsychology. Method: Analyses were conducted on 10,531 articles published in six clinical neuropsychology journals from 1985 to 2019. Each author was coded as either a man or a woman using the OpenGenderTracking Project database. Results: On average, women comprised 43.3% ( 30.6) of the authors listed in clinical neuropsychology article bylines and were lead and/or corresponding author on 50.3% of these papers. Findings varied by journal, with Child Neuropsychology having the best representation of women across several study metrics. Women comprised an increasing proportion of authors over time and the gender gap in clinical neuropsychology is smaller than was recently reported for the broader field of psychology; nevertheless, the recent rates of female authorship lag behind the prevalence of women in clinical neuropsychology. Encouragingly, gender was not associated with the number of times an article was cited. Articles that included women in leadership roles had significantly more authors overall and specifically more women authors. Conclusions: Women are under-represented as authors in clinical neuropsychology journals, but they are becoming more common and their papers are cited just as frequently as their male colleagues. Efforts to increase women as research mentors and sponsors may help to further close the publishing gender gap in clinical neuropsychology.

Sex Differences in Variability in Vocational Interests: Evidence from Two Large Samples

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Paessler
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Physical Attributes

Greater male variability has been established in cognitive abilities and physical attributes. This study investigated sex differences in variability in vocational interests with two large samples (N > 40 000 and N > 70 000). The results show that although men varied more in Realistic and Enterprising interests, women varied more in Artistic and Conventional interests. These differences in variability had considerable influence on the female–male tail ratios in vocational interests that have been found to contribute to reported gender disparities in certain fields of work and academic disciplines. Moreover, differences in means and variability interacted non–linearly in shaping tail–ratio imbalances. An age–specific analysis additionally revealed that differences in variability diminished with age: Older samples showed smaller differences in variance in Realistic, Artistic, and Social interests than younger samples. Thus, I found no evidence that greater male variability applies for vocational interests in general. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

Increasing author counts in neurosurgical journals from 1980 to 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tyler S. Cole ◽  
Mark A. Pacult ◽  
Michael T. Lawton
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Academic Journals ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Scopus Database ◽  
Publication Volume ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Number Of Authors

OBJECTIVE Scientific productivity, as assessed by publication volume, is a common metric by which the academic neurosurgical field assesses its members. The number of authors per peer-reviewed article has been observed to increase over time across a broad range of medical specialties. This study provides an update to this trend in the neurosurgical literature. METHODS All publications from January 1, 1980, to April 30, 2020, were queried from four neurosurgical journals: Neurosurgery, Journal of Neurosurgery (JNS), JNS: Pediatrics, and JNS: Spine. Publication information was acquired from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Entrez database and reconciled with the Scopus database. Publication type was limited to articles and excluded editorials, letters, and reviews. The number of authors and affiliation counts were determined based on structured abstract fields provided in the two databases. RESULTS Between January 1, 1980, and April 30, 2020, the overall increase in author count for the four neurosurgical journals was 0.12 to 0.18 authors per year (p < 0.001). For Neurosurgery, the mean (SD) author count increased from 2.81 (1.4) in 1980–1985 to 7.97 (4.92) in 2016–2020 (p < 0.001). For the JNS, the mean (SD) author count increased from 2.82 (1.04) in 1980–1985 to 7.6 (3.65) in 2016–2020 (p < 0.001). The percentage of articles with more than 10 authors increased from 0.2% to 22.3% in Neurosurgery and from 1.9% to 17.5% in JNS. Only 28% of the author count variation was explained by an increasing number of institutional or departmental affiliations. CONCLUSIONS Author counts for peer-reviewed articles in neurosurgical academic journals have increased significantly during the past 4 decades, with large increases in the numbers of articles with more than 10 authors in the past 5 years. A total of 28% of the variation in this increase can be explained by an increase in multiinstitutional or multidepartmental studies.

scholarly journals ADVANCING Women Academic Faculty in STEM Careers: The Role of Critical HRD in Supporting Diversity and Inclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly M. Hutchins ◽  
Jamison V. Kovach
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Academic Faculty ◽  
Disciplinary Expertise ◽  
And Mathematics

The Problem The low representation of women and women of color (WoC) faculty in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) academic disciplines represents a critical talent development issue by constraining universities from being truly diverse and inclusive therefore limiting the development and advancement of women scientists. The Solution We describe the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) ADVANCE program as a mechanism for increasing STEM women and WoC faculty career development, inclusion, and advancement. We situate this program as a critical human resource development (CHRD) project and analyze the interventions of ADVANCE Centers at five institutions using a coding scheme based on Acker’s theory of organizational gendering. We identify how key interventions address gendered processes and how these efforts align with human resource development (HRD) disciplinary expertise. The Stakeholders This article will benefit HRD scholars and professionals by identifying how HRD disciplinary expertise can be used to support institutional change efforts focused on faculty diversity and inclusion.

Women in Mechanical Engineering: The Gender (Im)balance by the Numbers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rada Mihalcea ◽  
Pallavi Moghe ◽  
Mihai Burzo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Gender Preferences ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Biomechanical Engineering ◽  
Number Of Authors

In this paper, we take a close look at the participation of women in Mechanical Engineering, through an analysis of scientific publications in the field. Using a large dataset of over 100,000 publications from the ASME digital library, the paper creates a picture of the gender preferences associated with areas in the field of Mechanical Engineering. We find that while the average percentage of women in the field is generally low (15.6%), there are significant differences between the percentages of women in different categories, with areas such as biomechanical engineering, energy management, renewable energy, and nanotechnology attracting a larger than average proportion of women. Additionally, we also analyze the change in the number of authors in different areas over 20 years of research in the field, and observe a significant growth in recent years for both genders in the areas of biomechanical engineering, nanotechnology, and computational engineering.

scholarly journals Habituation is not neutral or equal: Individual differences in tolerance suggest an overlooked personality trait

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (28) ◽  
pp. eaaz0870
Author(s):  
Andrew T. L. Allan ◽  
Annie L. Bailey ◽  
Russell A. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Observer Effects ◽  
Group Members

In behavioral studies, observer effects can be substantial, even for habituated animals, but few studies account for potential observer-related phenomenon empirically. We used wild, habituated chacma baboons to explore two key assumptions of behavioral ecology (i) that observers become a “neutral” stimulus and (ii) that habituation is “equal” across group members. Using flight initiation distance (FID) methods within a personality paradigm, the behavioral responses of baboons suggested that observers were not perceived as neutral but instead viewed as a high-ranking social threat. Habituation was also not equal across group members, with repeatable individual differences more important than contextual factors (e.g., habitat) in determining the distance at which baboons visually oriented or displaced from observers. A strong correlation between individual visual tolerance and displacement tolerance (i.e., convergent validity) indicated a personality trait. We offer several suggestions for how to account for these factors and minimize potential bias in future studies.

scholarly journals Gender disparities in colloquium speakers at top universities

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L. Nittrouer ◽  
Michelle R. Hebl ◽  
Leslie Ashburn-Nardo ◽  
Rachel C. E. Trump-Steele ◽  
David M. Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Male Faculty

Colloquium talks at prestigious universities both create and reflect academic researchers’ reputations. Gender disparities in colloquium talks can arise through a variety of mechanisms. The current study examines gender differences in colloquium speakers at 50 prestigious US colleges and universities in 2013–2014. Using archival data, we analyzed 3,652 talks in six academic disciplines. Men were more likely than women to be colloquium speakers even after controlling for the gender and rank of the available speakers. Eliminating alternative explanations (e.g., women declining invitations more often than men), our follow-up data revealed that female and male faculty at top universities reported no differences in the extent to which they (i) valued and (ii) turned down speaking engagements. Additional data revealed that the presence of women as colloquium chairs (and potentially on colloquium committees) increased the likelihood of women appearing as colloquium speakers. Our data suggest that those who invite and schedule speakers serve as gender gatekeepers with the power to create or reduce gender differences in academic reputations.

scholarly journals Modele publikacyjne w nauce o kulturze

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-135
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gołda ◽  
Anna Małgorzata Kamińska ◽  
Łukasz Wyciślik
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
International Research ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Publication Share ◽  
Scopus Database ◽  
Number Of Authors

Publication Models in the Science of Culture This article examines quantitatively the patterns of research phenomena being observed during last years in the field of cultural studies basing on the data acquired from Scopus – one of the biggest scientific bibliographic databases. The authors of the article were inspired to undertake such research from the recent amendment of Polish legislation called the Constitution for Science, which promotes inter-institutional and international research. Therefore, the results of the investigation were prepared for all countries publishing in Scopus indexed literature, but with particular emphasis on Polish participation. The conducted research allowed to identify the dominant publication languages in the studied field, the quantitative publication share of individual countries, the average number of authors per one publication from a given country, but also made it possible to identify countries willing to cooperate with each other, which was visualized on the so-called cooperation maps. In addition, Polish and global scientific productivity measured by the number of articles was embedded in the so-called Polish “ministerial list” of journals, which may give Polish scientists of the field of cultural studies hints on the choice of a journal dealing with relevant topics and being indexed in the Scopus database.

scholarly journals No Additional Evidence that Proximity to the July 4th Holiday Affects Affective Polarization

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Brandt ◽  
Felicity M. Turner-Zwinkels
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
American Identity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Within Subjects

One promising approach for reducing affective polarization is priming a shared American identity and one promising event to prime that identity is the 4th of July. Prior work showed that proximity to the 4th of July reduced affective polarization. We conceptually replicated this study using a 9-wave longitudinal design in 2019. We found no short-term or long-term effects of the 4th of July on social distance from partisan and ideological ingroups or outgroups. Notably, our within-subjects design was able to identify the existence of individual differences in social distance trajectories across time, but there were not individual differences in short-terms changes in social distance in close proximity to the 4th of July. Additional analyses, did not find consistent predictors of these individual differences, suggesting a clear gap for future studies. Although priming a shared American identity may be effective, these findings suggest that the salutary effects of the 4th of July holiday do not emerge in 2019.

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