Climate Change and Religious Response: The Case of Early Medieval China

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Asian Philosophy ◽  
Religion And Ethics ◽  
Medieval China ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Book Of The Dead ◽  
Point Of Departure

The following remarks were originally drafted to serve as the thirty-seventh Evans-Wentz Lecture in Asian Philosophy, Religion and Ethics at Stanford University in May 2006, and take therefore as their tacit point of departure the work of Walter Y Evans-Wentz (1878–1965). His Tibetan Book of the Dead, first published by Oxford University Press in 1927, long remained the most influential account of the way in which Buddhists confronted their future as mortal beings, though in this lecture the scope of my own inquiry is widened from the individual to encompass fears concerning the transience of human society as a whole. This broader approach, moreover, allows for a degree of innovation. Ever since the era of Evans-Wentz, if not earlier, the problem of presenting the impulses behind traditions as unfamiliar as those of South and East Asia without simply confirming their apparent ‘exoticism’ has been difficult to solve, but over recent years our greatly increased knowledge of the history of the planetary environment that we all inhabit has offered an unprecedented perspective on the widely shared hopes and fears of the past. This is because we now know that at times different regions of the planet were subjected to events caused by the same catastrophic upheavals in climate. By taking one of the best known of these in the sixth century CE – and the information given below by no means exhausts what has been discovered about this phenomenon – and looking at its impact in terms of the sense of foreboding it engendered, it is therefore possible to trace the extent to which Europe and East Asia reacted in similar ways.

scholarly journals Managing Balance: Pursuit of Equilibrium Permeates the History of Science and Influences Contemporary Investigations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kasmire
Keyword(s):  
Sustainability Science ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Successes And Failures

AbstractThe word “sustainable” débuted in 1987 but has since become a hot topic issue, both for scientific research and wider society. Although sustainability may appear to be a thoroughly twenty-first century goal, sustainability science concepts and goals such as balance, endurance, order and change, reach back at least as far as the proto-scientific investigations of alchemy. Both alchemy and sustainability science can be understood as systems or strategies which individuals and societies can use to organise and manage themselves in a complex world filled with dynamic problems. Alchemy never created a panacea or transmuted base metals into gold because those goals proved to be based on fundamentally flawed theories and premises. Nevertheless, alchemy did succeed in helping adherents manage themselves and their societies in advantageous ways. Alchemy also positively and significantly influenced subsequent scientific development. Likewise, science helps humanity manage itself on multiple scales, from the individual to the international, and will certainly contribute to further scientific research and development. However, it is not yet known whether carbon neutrality, entirely renewable energy and other sustainability goals will be achieved or whether these goals will also come to be seen as based on flawed understandings and theories. For this reason, this article explores key features of alchemy, traces how they persisted through Enlightenment-era science and how they continue to be present and influential within scientific efforts today. The article goes on to reflect on how the history, development and continued use of concepts such as balance, endurance, order and change may be useful portents of how humans and human society will manage themselves in the future. Such reflections may also temper the zeal with which individuals that accept or reject sustainability goals treat each other, thereby offering a way for divergent groups to manage their interactions. Flawed theories prevented alchemy from achieving many of its primary stated goals. However, alchemy was very beneficial, both during its period of use and subsequently through its influence on subsequent development. This article identifies ideas from alchemy that were originally beneficial and that have persisted through Enlightenment-era science and into contemporary science. The article also explores how those ideas continue to influence scientific and sustainability goals today. Understanding and reflecting on alchemy’s successes and failures facilitates reflection on the potential successes and failures of sustainability and the human consequences of trying to manage a sustainable future.

Body and law in late Anglo-Saxon England

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 209-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Manuscript Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Point Of Departure

This article explores some textual dimensions of what I argue is a crucial moment in the history of the Anglo-Saxon subject. For purposes of temporal triangulation, I would locate this moment between roughly 970 and 1035, though these dates function merely as crude, if potent, signposts: the years 970×973 mark the adoption of the Regularis concordia, the ecclesiastical agreement on the practice of a reformed (and markedly continental) monasticism, and 1035 marks the death of Cnut, the Danish king of England, whose laws encode a change in the understanding of the individual before the law. These dates bracket a rich and chaotic time in England: the apex of the project of reform, a flourishing monastic culture, efflorescence of both Latin and vernacular literatures, remarkable manuscript production, but also the renewal of the Viking wars that seemed at times to be signs of the apocalypse and that ultimately would put a Dane on the throne of England. These dates point to two powerful and continuing sets of interests in late Anglo-Saxon England, ecclesiastical and secular, monastic and royal, whose relationships were never simple. This exploration of the subject in Anglo-Saxon England as it is illuminated by the law draws on texts associated with each of these interests and argues their interconnection. Its point of departure will be the body – the way it is configured, regarded, regulated and read in late Anglo-Saxon England. It focuses in particular on the use to which the body is put in juridical discourse: both the increasing role of the body in schemes of inquiry and of punishment and the ways in which the body comes to be used to know and control the subject.

scholarly journals Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines - audio files

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albrecht Diem ◽  
Matthieu van der Meer
Keyword(s):  
Critical Edition ◽  
Ideal Point ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
History Of ◽  
Audio Files ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Eternal Salvation ◽  
Point Of Departure

<div>The seventh-century 'Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines' (Someone’s Rule for Virgins), which was most likely written by Jonas of Bobbio, the hagiographer of the Irish monk Columbanus, forms an ideal point of departure for writing a new history of the emergence of Western monasticism understood as a history of the individual and collective attempt to pursue eternal salvation.<br>The book provides a critical edition and translation of the 'Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines' and a roadmap for such a new history revolving around various aspects of monastic discipline, such as the agency of the community, the role of enclosure, authority and obedience, space and boundaries, confession and penance, sleep and silence, excommunication and expulsion.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Various monastic rules contain provisions on being read aloud to the community or to monks and nuns who were in the process of entering the monastery. In order to give an impression how the 'Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines' may have sounded, Albrecht Diem has provided an audio file (read by Matthieu van der Meer).</div>

Negro League Baseball

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Heaphy
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Negro Leagues ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hall Of Fame ◽  
The Individual

The history of the Negro Leagues has been studied and written about by those in academia but also by many outside the academic world. Journalists, in particular, have contributed greatly to the study of the Negro Leagues. When one studies the Negro Leagues (in existence 1920–1960) it becomes apparent quite quickly that the broader idea of black baseball goes hand in hand with understanding the long and detailed history of African Americans’ participation in America’s national pastime. Much of the scholarship started after 1970 following the publication of the seminal work, Only the Ball Was White (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992). Prior to 1970 most of the scholarship surrounding black baseball and the Negro Leagues came primarily from journalists writing about the individual players or teams. One exception to this would be some of the early works written about Jackie Robinson and Branch Rickey, focusing on their efforts to integrate Major League baseball. Another flurry of materials came out coinciding with the death of Robinson and the early election to the National Baseball Hall of Fame for Robinson and Satchel Paige, the legendary pitcher for the Kansas City Monarchs. The literature that exists today comes from a variety of academic disciplines and is not limited to historians. Articles and books are coming from history, journalism, economics, sports-related fields, sociology, English, and art history. What is lacking are primary source materials and journals devoted exclusively to the Negro Leagues.

scholarly journals Kriget med mig själv Om romer och tillhörighet i migrationens Sverige

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Dahlstedt
Keyword(s):  
Young Woman ◽  
Black People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Swedish Citizen

At war with myself. On Roma and belonging in multi­ethnic Sweden is article deals with belonging in multi-ethnic Sweden, with a focus on the boundaries and meanings of belonging. e focus is on the situation of Roma in Sweden. e point of departure is the individual story of Ana, a young woman who has migrated to Sweden from Hungary. Ana’s story about her migration, her struggles to nd her way and become part of a Swedish societal community is illustrative in terms of (non)belonging, about not being recognized for who you are and not recognizing yourself. e story illustrates some of the inner and societal tensions appea- ring in an era of migration. In the article, Ana’s story is used to discuss a double paradox of citizenship in an era of migration: As a Swedish citizen, she formally belongs to the societal community. At the same time, she does not quite belong to the community, as she was born a ”foreigner” – a Roma. Firstly, Ana’s ways of dealing with the tensions caused by her di erent ”belongings” – as a Swede, Hungarian and Roma – are presented. Secondly, a brief historical exposé of the situation of Roma in Sweden is provided, illustrating a dark history of repression and exclusion. is dark history is related to Frantz Fanon’s thoughts about the colonial situation in Africa and the impli- cations of the colonial fantasies for the colonized ”black people”, which are then used as a point of departure to further analyse Ana’s contradictory story about (non)belonging to a Swedish socie- tal community. irdly, Ana’s story is related to the situation of Roma in today’s Europe, where Roma EU migrants such as berry-pickers and beggars have in recent years been the targets of discrimination and deportation. e article concludes with a discussion on the situation of Roma in the light of ongoing negotiations of belonging in contemporary Europe.

Book Reviews

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-131
Author(s):  
Louise K. Davidson-Schmich ◽  
Matthew Hines ◽  
Thomas Klikauer ◽  
Norman Simms ◽  
Jeffrey Luppes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
East Asia ◽  
German History ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
University Of Washington ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oxford University Press ◽  
Seattle University

John Kampfner, Why the Germans Do it Better: Notes from a Grown-Up Country (London: Atlantic Books, 2020).Karen Hagemann, Donna Harsch, and Friederike Brühöfener, eds., Gendering Post-1945 German History: Entanglements (New York: Berghahn Books, 2019).Daniel Marwecki, Germany and Israel: Whitewashing and Statebuilding (London: C. Hurst & Co., 2020).Robert Gellately, Hitler’s True Believers: How Ordinary People Became Nazis (New York: Oxford University Press, 2020).Thomas Fleischman, Communist Pigs: An Animal History of East Germany’s Rise and Fall (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2020).Joanne Miyang Cho, ed., Transnational Encounters between Germany and East Asia since 1900 (New York: Routledge, 2018).

scholarly journals Book Reviews

1980 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-189
Author(s):  
H.J.M. Claessen ◽  
R.R. Nayacakalou ◽  
H.J.M. Claessen ◽  
Michael W. Young ◽  
P.E. Josselin de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Fossil Hominids ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Ann Arbor ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Oxford University Press

- H.J.M. Claessen, Jan van Bremen, Symposion. Tijdschrift voor Maatschappijwetenschap. Onder redactie van Jan van Bremen, Cees Cruson, Helle Snel, Jojada Verrips, Willem Wolters en Ton Zwaan. Uitgave: Stichting voor Maatschappijwetenschappelijk Onderzoek., Cees Cruson, Helle Snel (eds.) - H.J.M. Claessen, Neil Lifuka, Logs in the current of the sea. Neil Lifuka’s story of Kioa and the Vaitupu colonists. Edited and introduced by Klaus-Friedrich Koch. With a foreword by Professor H.E. Maude. Cambridge, Mass.: Langdon Associates Press. 1978. - H.J.M. Claessen, R.R. Nayacakalou, Leadership in Fiji. 1975. Melbourne etc.: Oxford University Press. 170 pp. Appendices, tables, notes. - H.J.M. Claessen, Michael W. Young, The ethnography of Malinowski; The Trobriand Islands 1915-1918. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979. Bibliography, Index, illustrations. - P.E. de Josselin de Jong, G.B. Milner, Natural symbols in South East Asia. School of Oriental and African Studies, London 1978. 181 p., 13 plates. - P. Kloos, G.N. Appell, Ethical dilemmas in anthropological inquiry: A case book, Waltham (Mass.), Crossroads Press, 1978, xii + 291 pp. - David S. Moyer, M.B. Hooker, A concise legal history of South-East Asia. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978. 289 pp. - J.G. Oosten, Henri J.M. Claessen, The early state. Mouton Publishers. The Hague, The Netherlands 1978. XII + 690 pages., P. Skalník (eds.) - J.G. Oosten, Jean Poirier, Ethnologie Régionale 2. Asie-Amérique-Mascareignes. Sous la direction de Jean Poirier. Encyclopédie de la Pleiade. Gallimard, Paris 1978. - J.G. Oosten, A. de Ruyter, Een speurtocht naar het denken. Een inleiding tot het structuralisme van Claude Lévi Strauss. Van Gorcum & Comp. N.V., Assen 1979. Serie: Terreinverkenningen in de Culturele Anthropologie, nr. 16. - Anton Ploeg, Raymond C. Kelly, Etoro Social Structure. A study in structural contradiction. Foreword by Marshall Sahlins. The University of Michigan Press. Ann Arbor, 1974, 1977. xvi + 329 pages. Maps, tables, plates, figures, index. - A. de Ruijter, S.F. Moore, Secular Ritual. Van Gorcum, Assen, 1977. 293 pp., B.G. Myerhoff (eds.) - A. Ploeg, L.M. Serpenti, Cultivators in the swamps. Social structure and horticulture in a New Guinea society, Second edition. Van Gorcum, Assen, 1977, 308 pp., maps, tables, figures, glossary. - A. de Ruijter, R. Needham, Symbolic classifications. Goodyear Publishing Company Inc. Santa Monica, California. 1979. 78 pp. - Danker H. Schaareman, Urs Ramseyer, The art and culture of Bali. Oxford 1977: Oxford University Press. 265 pp., 405 pp., ill. - Anthony Shelton, E. Schwimmer, The Yearbook of Symbolic anthropology, London: C. Hurst and Co., 1978; pp. 230. - H. Steinhauer, M.A. Chlenov, Naselenie Molukkskix Ostrovov [The population of the Moluccas], Moscow 1976, 285 pp. - P. van de Velde, M.G. Leakey, The fossil hominids and an introduction to their context, 1968-1974, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978. Volume 1 of R.E. Leakey & G.Ll. Isaac (general editors): Koobi Fora - researches into geology, palaeontology, and human origins. 191 pages; 28 plates and numerous figures; tables; index., R.E. Leakey (eds.) - Leontine E. Visser, P.A. Stott, Nature and man in South East Asia, 1978, S.O.A.S., London, 183 pp., fig., phot., subject index. - J.J. de Wolf, F. Bovenkerk, Toen en thans: De sociale wetenschappen in de jaren dertig en nu. Onder redactie van F. Bovenkerk, H.J.M. Claessen, B. van Heerikhuizen, A.J.F. Köbben, N. Wilterdink. 1978 Ambo, Baarn., H.J.M. Claessen, B. van Heerikhuizen (eds.)

LIFE COMPETENCE OF PERSONALITY AS A CONDITION OF LIFE CREATION: ORIGINS AND MODERN DIMENSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-297
Author(s):  
В. А. Яковлєва ◽  
Л. Ю. Москальова ◽  
С. С. Рашидова
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
First Century ◽  
Human Society ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Impossible Task ◽  
Theoretical Category ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Universe

This article discusses current issues of personal development associated with the formation of its vital competence. In particular, attention is paid to the problem of man, his place in the world, spiritual life, happiness, ways to achieve it throughout the history of world scientific thought; the evolution of views on the essence of the concept of "life competence" of the individual, which has its own history and specifics, is analyzed. It was found that the study of this pedagogical problem is carried out on the border of the sciences of society and education, so in the philosophical and sociological literature partially developed a general theoretical foundation for studying the problem of forming the vital competence of the individual. Modern views of Ukrainian scientists on the essence and components of life competence of the individual are revealed. Emphasis is placed on the fact that this concept as a certain theoretical category took shape only in the last century. The life competence of a person of the twenty-first century involves the ability to mobilize in any situation, in any action to acquire knowledge, understanding experience, in order to learn to live in human society, learn to design their lives, skills that would allow her to productively build her life in accordance with the requirements of her own spirit and the demands of society, the essence of life competence will always be insufficiently represented in the history of society. It is concluded that trying to understand or define the essence of the concept of "life" is the same impossible task as trying to overcome the speed of light. Too low a level of awareness does not allow the average person to plunge into the secrets of the universe. Everyone has the right to create and realize their own picture of the world.

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