The effect of a zinc, cobalt and selenium soluble glass bolus on the trace element status of extensively grazed sheep over winter

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Kendall ◽  
D. W. Jackson ◽  
A. M. Mackenzie ◽  
D. V. Illingworth ◽  
I. M. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Soluble Glass ◽  
Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Plasma Copper

AbstractThe effects of trace element deficiencies in lambs, particularly zinc, copper, cobalt and selenium, include decreased growth rates and increased mortality. However, trace element supplementation of sheep reared under extensive conditions has several logistical problems.Two trials were designed to investigate the effect of a zinc, cobalt and selenium soluble glass bolus on the trace element status of out-wintered ewe lambs. In trial 1 600 8-month-old ewe lambs (500 Scottish Blackface and 100 North Country Cheviots) were allocated to two treatment groups; 300 were treated with a zinc, cobalt and selenium soluble glass bolus (zinc) and 300 were untreated (control). In trial 2, 315 8-month-old Scottish Blackface ewe lambs were allocated to three treatments: 105 were treated with the zinc, cobalt and selenium soluble glass bolus (zinc), 105 were treated with a copper, cobalt and selenium soluble glass bolus (copper) and the remaining 105 were untreated (control). Blood samples were collected immediately prior to giving boluses and again after approximately 4 months. These were assessed for zinc (plasma zinc concentration), cobalt (serum vitamin B12concentration), selenium (erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity) and copper status (plasma copper concentration, caeruloplasmin, amine oxidase and superoxide dismutase activity and calculation of the ratio between the caeruloplasmin and plasma copper).The zinc bolus in both trials significantly increased the plasma zinc concentrations (P< 0·001 andP< 0·01 respectively), erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activities (P< 0·001) and serum vitamin B12concentrations (P< 0·001). The copper bolus also significantly increased the erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activities (P< 0·001) and serum vitamin B12concentrations (P< 0·001) when compared with the controls but were not significantly different from the zinc group. The copper bolus significantly increased all of the copper status indicators (P< 0·01) when compared with the control and zinc groups. However, in trial 1 when only the zinc and control groups were compared, the zinc bolus significantly increased the ratio (P< 0·001) and serum caeruloplasmin (P< 0·001) and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (P< 0·01) activities. These responses were not observed in trial 2 with the erythrocyte superoxide dismutase being significantly reduced in the zinc group when compared with the control group (P< 0·001).The zinc, cobalt and selenium soluble glass bolus increased the status of all three trace elements consistently for a period of at least 100 days. The increases of cobalt and selenium status were similar to those achieved using the copper, cobalt and selenium bolus, which also increased the copper status of the sheep.

Use of soluble glass boluses containing Cu, Co and Se in the prevention of trace-element deficiencies in goats

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Zervas
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Soluble Glass ◽  
Plasma Copper

SummaryTwo experiments were carried out to examine the value of copper, cobalt and selenium contained in soluble glass boluses as a means of providing supplementary trace elements to goats.In the first experiment 36 purebred Toggenburg goats were used and divided into two groups. One group was treated with soluble glass boluses while the other was left as control.In the second experiment 46 Saanen half-bred goats were used, divided into three groups. The first group was treated with soluble glass boluses, the second was treated with selenium injectable compound and the third was left as control.Blood samples were collected on four occasions, during an experimental period of almost 12 months and plasma copper, serum vitamin B12 and blood selenium concentrations were determined. All those measurements showed significant increases for about a year, and were due to treatment. The advantages of glass boluses were not shared by the selenium injectable compound.

The efficacy of soluble glass boluses (cosecure) in grazing cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 133-133
Author(s):  
P.M. Driver ◽  
G. Carlos ◽  
C. Eames ◽  
S.B. Telfer
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Soluble Glass ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Gshpx Activity ◽  
Upland Pasture

Two soluble glass boluses (COSECURE) per animal were given to 19 (+ bolus), silage fed, growing cattle (160-350 kg) on April 16th 1984 (day 0). After 29 days these and 11 untreated (control) animals, matched for weight, breed and sex, were turned out on to a copper deficient upland pasture. On day 153 (Sept. 21) all the cattle were moved to a lowland pasture until day 196, when they were housed and fed silage.Blood samples and liveweights were taken on 5 occasions over 240 days. Copper status was assessed from plasma copper (Cu) and caeruloplasmin (CP) levels, and selenium status by erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity.

Use of soluble glass rumen boluses to provide a supplement of copper for suckled calves

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Givens ◽  
G. Zervas ◽  
V. R. Simpson ◽  
S. B. Telfer
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Soluble Glass ◽  
Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Plasma Copper

SummaryAn experiment was carried out on a site where the copper content of herbage was relatively low (4·7–6·2 mg/kg d.m.) to examine the value of copper contained in soluble glass rumen boluses as a means of providing supplementary copper to calves.Forty-five spring-born suckled calves (mean live weight 91 kg) were divided into three groups on the basis of body weight. Animals in group GB were given two boluses initially, those in group CI each received copper injections at approximately monthly intervals and those in group C remained as controls throughout. Group C calves became progressively hypocupraemic (minimum mean plasma copper 8·5 μmol/1) compared with those in groups GB and CI which showed an increase in plasma copper concentration. In addition measurements of plasma caeruloplasmin activity, blood haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity all showed significant increases due to treatment. No response in live-weight gain was observed but overall live-weight gain was approximately 1·05 kg/day. Although the initial response in plasma copper was quicker with copper injections, measurements of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity and haemoglobin showed advantages of glass boluses not shared by copper injections. This possibly resulted from the slow release nature of copper in the glass. Under the conditions of the experiment where herbage molybdenum values were relatively low (1·2–1·9 mg/kg d.m.), copper contained in soluble glass boluses appeared to prevent hypocupraemia in calves as effectively as regular copper injections.

scholarly journals Relationships between micronutrient intake and biochemical indicators of nutrient adequacy in a ‘free-living’ elderly UK population

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela L. Bailey ◽  
Susan Maisey ◽  
Susan Southon ◽  
Anthony J. A. Wright ◽  
Paul M. Finglas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ferritin Concentration ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Micronutrient Intake

Nutritional assessments are frequently based on amounts of nutrients consumed. In the present paper the usefulness of nutrient intake data for assessing nutrient adequacy is examined in an elderly British population. Subjects were ‘free-living’ elderly aged 68-90 years (sixty men, eighty-five women) in Norwich. Forty-two of forty-nine surviving males and sixty-seven of seventy-nine surviving females were reassessed after 2 years. With few exceptions, estimated micronutrient intake was not statistically predictive of biochemical measures of nutrient adequacy. Initial biochemical measures of nutritional adequacy were compared with those found 2 years later in an attempt to assess whether initial biochemical assessment was predictive of the ‘longer term’situation. Biochemical measurements at the start of the study were correlated to the same measurements made 2 years later for: serum ferritin, haemoglobin and erythrocyte count, whole-blood Se-glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9; males only), plasma Cu, alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), ascorbic acid, vitamin B6 (pyridoxal-5-phosphate), folate and vitamin B12, total erythrocyte thiamin (males only), riboflavin (erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.1) activation coefficient): but not for: erythrocyte Cu-superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) or plasma Zn. Either only small changes, or no changes, in mean values were seen over the 2 years for most of the biochemical measures. One exception was a large increase in plasma folate. The only important ‘negative’ features seen at 2-year follow up were a large fall in serum ferritin concentration and a large increase in the activity of two antioxidant defence enzymes, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. As judged by currently accepted biochemical deficiency threshold values, asmall proportion of subjects were possibly at risk of Fe (3% men; 1% women), folate (7%, 3%), thiamin (12%;3%) and vitamin C (15%; 17%) deficiency. Many more appeared to be at risk of vitamin B6 (42%; 47%) and riboflavin (77%; 79%) deficiency. It was concluded that the requirements of the elderly for vitamins B1, B2 and C, and the biochemical deficiency threshold vahes used to indicate vitamin B6 deficiency, need review

The effect of a copper, cobalt and selenium bolus on fertility and trace element status of dairy cattle.

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-427
Author(s):  
A.M. Mackenzie ◽  
M.M Moeini ◽  
S.B. Telfer
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Soluble Glass ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Trace Element Status ◽  
Plasma Copper

AbstractInfertility is one of the manifestations of clinical copper deficiency in dairy cattle that results from high dietary molybdenum intakes. This trial investigated the effects of slow release glass copper, cobalt and selenium boluses (Cosecure) on the number of inseminations required for confirmed pregnancy, calving interval and trace element status in dairy cattle. Sixty Holstein Friesian dairy cattle were allocated to one of two treatment groups, 30 cattle were treated with two soluble glass trace element boluses (Cosecure®,Telsol Ltd.) on day 0 and 169 while the remaining 30 cattle were left untreated (Controls). The cattle were grazed at pasture (day 0 to 165) which has been shown to contain high levels of molybdenum (range from 2.3 to 3.1 mg/kg DM). Blood samples were taken between days 0 and 280 to measure copper and selenium status and the number of inseminations and calving intervals were recorded. The control cattle required significantly more inseminations to confirmed pregnancy compared with the Cosecure treated cattle (2.5 v 1.7 SEmean 0.16, p<0.01) and had a significantly longer calving interval (397 v 372 days, SEmean 9.2, p<0.05). Plasma copper concentrations were significantly higher in the Cosecure treated cattle on days 30, 78 and 135 (p<0.01) compared with the controls, although the controls were all in the normal range (> 12 μmol/l). Cosecure treated cattle had significantly higher glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activities on day 246 (P.0.05). However, on all sample dates, the GSHPx activities were in the normal range for both treatment groups (>40units/ml PCV). The dietary cobalt intakes of the cows were measured (1.5 to 2.1 mg/kg DM in grass and 2.1 to 2.7 mg/Kg DM in compound) and found to be well in excess of the requirement of 0.2 mg/Kg DM. It was concluded that treatment with slow release glass copper, cobalt and selenium boluses (Cosecure) reduced the number of inseminations required for conception in the dairy cows due to the slowly released copper.

Effect of Cosecure® on the fertility and trace element status of dairy cattle

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 162-162
Author(s):  
M.M. Moeini ◽  
A.M. Mackenzie ◽  
S.B. Telfer
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Soluble Glass ◽  
Trace Element Status ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University

Nutritional deficiencies can have profound effects on the fertility and economic viability of dairy cattle. Phillippo et al. (1987) reported that molybdenum in the diet reduced the copper status of cattle and also delayed the onset of puberty, decreased the conception rate and caused anoestrus in cattle. A trial was set up at the University of Leeds farm to test the effect of supplementation with a soluble-glass bolus containing copper, cobalt and selenium on the reproductive performance of cattle.

scholarly journals Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity and Activities of Blood Glutathione Peroxidase and Superoxide Dismutase Determined in Healthy Dogs by Using Commercially Available Kits

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Tomsič ◽  
Alenka Seliškar ◽  
Barbara Lukanc ◽  
Alenka Nemec Svete
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractData on the values of selected blood antioxidant parameters, i.e. total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in healthy dogs, are lacking. There are no published accepted standard reference methods for their determination. The aim of this study was to determine the values of plasma total antioxidant capacity and the activities of whole blood glutathione peroxidase and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase in 30 healthy client-owned dogs (19 females, 11 males). The effect of age and sex on the measured antioxidant parameters was also investigated. Antioxidant parameters were determined with an automated biochemical analyser, using the commercially available Randox kits. No significant difference in age, weight, and antioxidant parameters was determined between females and males. A significant positive effect of age (p = 0.002, r2= 0.284) on superoxide dismutase activity was confirmed. There was no effect of sex on any of the antioxidant parameters measured. However, we observed a tendency of the effect of sex (p = 0.063, r2= 0.118), as well as age (p = 0.073, r2= 0.111), on the activity of glutathione peroxidase. Our results are in part comparable with the results of other studies in which the same types of methods and samples were used to determine antioxidant parameters. In conclusion, the sex and age of dogs should be taken into consideration when planning a study on antioxidant status parameters.

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