ASSESSMENT OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROWTH AND INEQUALITY: MICRO EVIDENCE FROM THAILAND

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (S2) ◽  
pp. 155-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeok Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Gap Dynamics ◽  
Financial Deepening ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Distribution Dynamics ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
Compositional Changes

This paper shows that growth and income distribution dynamics are closely linked through occupation, financial intermediation, and education. We use micro data from Thailand for 1976–1996. The compositional changes across these characteristics account for half of the Thai inequality increase and 40% of the Thai growth and poverty reduction. Financial deepening and educational expansion contributed to increasing inequality, whereas occupational transformation contributed to poverty alleviation. The changes in income gaps across the income–status groups, that is, divergence and then convergence, give rise to inverted-U inequality dynamics. These two growth-related components of inequality dynamics, composition and income-gap dynamics, explain virtually all the change in overall inequality, except its initial rise. Thus, inequality dynamics can be viewed as an integral part of the wider process of growth, as Kuznets speculated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of China’s Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policies: A Decomposition Analysis Based on the Poverty Reduction Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11691
Author(s):  
Xiaoning Li ◽  
Lingling Li
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Index Decomposition

To achieve comprehensive poverty alleviation and the establishment of a “moderately prosperous society” in China, it is crucial to evaluate the targeted poverty alleviation (TPA) policies. In this study, China’s poverty alleviation statistics and the Foster-Greene-Thorbecke (FGT) indices are used to measure the poverty reduction effects of the TPA policies. A panel regression model is applied to analyze the poverty reduction mechanism while the Shapley index decomposition method is used to analyze poverty reduction effects in terms of income growth and the income gap adjustment. The paper concludes that the poverty breadth index (H index), poverty depth index (PG index), and poverty intensity index (SPG index) from 2013 to 2019 show a significant decline overall. This indicates that the poverty reduction effect of the TPA policies is significant. In addition, the regression analysis shows that the implementation of TPA policies can significantly increase the income level of residents and narrow the income gap among residents in rural areas. Results of the Shapley index decomposition analysis revealed that the income growth effect and income gap adjustment effect accounted for 92.78% and 7.22% of the poverty reduction effects, respectively. So the focus of future poverty alleviation work is to combine the rural revitalization strategy and to continue increasing the income level and the income growth rate of poor groups, which will enhance the ability of impoverished residents to increase their income, further contributing to the alleviation of poverty.

scholarly journals Unemployement and Poverty Determinants in Central Java

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-365
Author(s):  
Medha Wardhany
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The People

This study aims to obtain information and results that can be run in programs of poverty alleviation and unemployment in a more effective and efficient in accordance with the expectations of all parties including the people who are still categorized as marginal. This study uses primary data sources derived from secondary data from Susenas and Sakernas for Macro and other related data such as Supas data, and SP 2010, ST2013 and PBDT 2015 for micro data and PODES data for regional support data. The method of analysis in this research is descriptive and explorative analysis of various data and information available. In addition, there will also be some statistical model calculations relevant to this study. The results of the study indicate that the main drivers of poverty reduction are economic factors, including accessibility, for those who do not work to work or those who are already working or trying to earn adequate income, other factors are demography, social, education and skills and environment. Based on the simulation of inflation data also greatly affect the poverty rate, including for some basic commodities such as rice, when inflation is enough large then the poverty rate will tend to increase.  

scholarly journals The Role of Zakat in Reducing the Poverty Gap

2020 ◽  
pp. 243-254
Author(s):  
Ulfah - Choirunisa ◽  
Sendi Permadia ◽  
Aditya Rahmat Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Crucial Problem ◽  
Poverty Indicators ◽  
Descriptive Method

Poverty is a crucial problem in Indonesia. Poverty rate in Indonesia is high when compared to other countries in Southeast Asia. We need continuous efforts between government and society, one of them is by maximizing the potential of zakat in Indonesia. This paper aims to analyze the utilization of zakat funds on poverty reduction in Indonesia, especially through program Entrepreneurship Assistance in Desa Berdaya Rumah Zakat. There are 2323 samples taken from the monthly report Entrepreneurship Assistance. The method used is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach that aims to explain and analyze comprehensively the role of zakat in poverty alleviation and indicators. Analysis tools used such as headcount index, poverty gap, income gap, sen poverty index dan FGT index is based on three poverty indicators, namely the poverty line, had kifayah and the nisab of zakat. Distribution of zakat has an impact on increasing the income and business scale of the program recipients, with the result that reducing the depth and severity of poverty in Indonesia

MORAL EKONOMI PETANI MISKIN DI JORONG TABEK NAGARI TABEK KECAMATAN PARIANGAN KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Vivi Yulia Nora
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Agricultural Output

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>This article intends to describe economy moral from peasant and their implications for poverty reduction in Sub of Tabek Jorong Tabek Nagari district Pariangan Kabupaten Tanah Datar. The values that</em><em> </em><em>affected by peasant give influence to their behavior. Economy moral that oriented to production, does not want to maximize production, afraid to take risks and consumptive implications to poverty alleviation efforts. Government's poverty alleviation program that they receive is used to enhance the economic effort that can remove them from poverty. Assistance that has given to them tend to be used for consumption. Government programs to increase agricultural output does not respond properly, so that the government's efforts to get them out of poverty is not reached.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>economy moral, peasant, proverty reduction</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Artikel ini bermaksud untuk menggambarkan moral ekonomi dari petani dan implikasinya terhadap pengurangan kemiskinan di Jorong Tabek Nagari Tabek Kabupaten Pariangan Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Nilai-nilai yang dipengaruhi oleh petani memberi pengaruh pada perilaku mereka. Moral ekonomi yang berorientasi pada produksi, tidak ingin memaksimalkan produksi, takut untuk mengambil risiko dan implikasi konsumtif terhadap upaya pengentasan kemiskinan. Program pengentasan kemiskinan pemerintah yang mereka terima digunakan untuk meningkatkan upaya ekonomi yang dapat menghapusnya dari kemiskinan. Bantuan yang telah diberikan kepada mereka cenderung digunakan untuk konsumsi. Program pemerintah untuk meningkatkan hasil pertanian tidak merespon dengan baik, sehingga upaya pemerintah untuk mengeluarkan mereka dari kemiskinan tidak tercapai.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> moral ekonomi, petani, pengentasan kemiskinan</p>

scholarly journals The Dynamic Impact of Agricultural Fiscal Expenditures and Gross Agricultural Output on Poverty Reduction: A VAR Model Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5766
Author(s):  
Guanglu Zeng ◽  
Chenggang Zhang ◽  
Sanxi Li ◽  
Hailin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Fiscal Spending

China was the first developing country to achieve the poverty eradication target of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 10 years ahead of schedule. Its past approach has been, mainly, to allocate more fiscal spending to rural areas, while strengthening accountability for poverty alleviation. However, some literature suggests that poor rural areas still lack the endogenous dynamics for sustainable growth. Using a vector autoregression (VAR) model, based on data from 1990 to 2019, we find that fiscal spending plays a much more significant role in reducing the poverty ratio than agricultural development. When poverty alleviation is treated as an administrative task, each poor village must complete the spending of top-down poverty alleviation funds within a time frame that is usually shorter than that required for successful specialty agriculture. As a result, the greater the pressure of poverty eradication and the more funds allocated, the more poverty alleviation projects become an anchor for accountability, and the more local governments’ consideration of industry cycles and input–output analysis give way to formalism, homogeneity, and even complicity. We suggest using the leverage of fiscal funds to direct more resources to productive uses, thus guiding future rural revitalization in a more sustainable direction.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impacts of Smallholder Farmer’s Participation in Modern Agricultural Value Chain Tactics for Facilitating Poverty Alleviation—A Case Study of Kiwifruit Industry in Shaanxi, China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Hongyu Wang ◽  
Xiaolei Wang ◽  
Apurbo Sarkar ◽  
Lu Qian
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reduction Degree ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Storage Technology

Market-based initiatives like agriculture value chain (AVC) are becoming progressively pervasive to support smallholder rural farmers and assist them in entering larger market interventions and providing a pathway of enhancing their socioeconomic well-being. Moreover, it may also foster staggering effects towards the post-era poverty alleviation in rural areas and possessed a significant theoretical and practical influence for modern agricultural development. The prime objective of the study is to explore the effects of smallholder farmers’ participation in the agricultural value chain for availing rural development and poverty alleviation. Specifically, we have crafted the assessment employing pre-production (improved fertilizers usage), in-production (modern preservation technology), and post-production (supply chain) participation and interventions of smallholder farmers. The empirical data has been collected from a micro survey dataset of 623 kiwifruit farmers from July to September in Shaanxi, China. We have employed propensity score matching (PSM), probit, and OLS models to explore the multidimensional poverty reduction impact and heterogeneity of farmers’ participation in the agricultural value chain. The results show that the total number of poor farmers who have experienced one-dimensional and two-dimensional poverty is relatively high (66.3%). We also find that farmers’ participation in agricultural value chain activities has a significant poverty reduction effect. The multidimensional poverty level of farmers using improved fertilizer, organizational acquisition, and using storage technology (compared with non-participating farmers) decreased by 30.1%, 46.5%, and 25.0%, respectively. The multidimensional poverty reduction degree of male farmers using improved fertilizer and participating in the organizational acquisition is greater than that of women. The multidimensional poverty reduction degree of female farmers using storage and fresh-keeping technology has a greater impact than the males using storage and improved storage technology. Government should widely promote the value chain in the form of pre-harvest, production, and post-harvest technology. The public–private partnership should also be strengthened for availing innovative technologies and infrastructure development.

The Role of Education and Technology Adaptation in Poverty Reduction in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Novi Firmawati ◽  
◽  
Budi Sasongko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Technological Adaptation ◽  
Education Investment ◽  
The People

This study examines the role of education in improving technology adoption as reflected in technology inclusion, poverty alleviation and efforts to increase community income which is reflected in economic growth. This study uses secondary data from world banks and processed regression using the moving average autoregression method. We found that education investment and technology inclusion were positively related to economic growth. And,negatively related to probability. This indicates that education plays a role in encouraging technological inclusion which reflects technological adaptation and encourages economic growth which is an indicator of the prosperity of the people in Indonesia which is strengthened by a negative relationship with poverty which indicates that education plays an important role in poverty alleviation

scholarly journals Poverty alleviation research in rural China: Three decades and counting

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Luo
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
Rural Governance ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Social Safety Nets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

Poverty alleviation is a hallmark of post-revolution Chinese policymaking. Since 1978, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has implemented successive waves of poverty alleviation policies whose effects have become the focus of an ever-increasing body of academic literature. This paper reviews this diverse but limited literature that evaluates the impact of the CPC’s poverty reduction programs through four major channels, namely fiscal investment programs, social safety nets, rural governance on the village-, county- and provincial level, and the relocation of rural populations from destitute regions. This paper aims to synthesize results and evaluate whether and how the abovementioned poverty alleviation programs have had distinct positive or negative impacts on regional development outcomes. Furthermore, I highlight contradictions in empirical findings to motivate the discussion about contextual importance when designing and implementing future poverty alleviation programs. Finally, I suggest that an exhaustive and critical appraisal of the empirical strategies used in this literature would further the development and application of more accurate and informative methodologies.

scholarly journals Partisipasi Masyarakat Terhadap Upaya Pengentasan Kemiskinan Berbasis Pemberdayaan Perempuan Melalui Program P3EL Kabupaten Sidoarjo

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Effy Wardati Maryam ◽  
Ririn Dewanti Dian Samudera Indriani
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Women are the group most severely affected by poverty, especially in case of food insecurity. As a result of these conditions, pregnant mothers could malnutrition that can potentially give birth in poor mental or health condition. Poverty reduction is not merely the issue of capital and technical skills, but also how to evoke the feeling of being able to overcome problems of their lives in a dignified manner. Empowerment of poor women do in order to find the effort that poor women can actively participate in any activities for poverty alleviation. This study aims to assess community participation, particularly of women to poverty alleviation efforts based on empowerment. This research was descriptive-exploratory using primary data sources from interviews and secondary data sources of written documents on the implementation of the Programme P3EL in Sidoarjo. Subjects were members P3EL program in 2012 and the BPMPKB (particularly the PUE) as the implementing program. The results showed that the model of participation of members to poverty alleviation efforts based on the empowerment of women through P3EL program were in the form of energy, thoughts, and cooperation. While the participation factors underlying were egoism motivation and collectivism. 

scholarly journals Indonesia’s Village Fund Program: Does It Contribute to Poverty Reduction?

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Novita Briliani Saragi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
Descriptive Method

To stimulate rural development and reduce poverty in rural areas, The Government of Indonesia enacted the policy of Village Fund in 2014. However, a few studies have been conducted to examine this program. This study describes how poverty alleviation goes following Village Fund Program in Indonesia between 2015-2019. The poverty reduction was represented by holistic data, including insufficient and village status improvement through the Village Development Index (VDI). The analysis is conducted using a descriptive method by dividing the areas into six regions, Sumatera, Java & Bali, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku & NT, and Papua. The result showed that over five years, the village fund dramatically increases. Moreover, this growth is along with the slight decline the poverty. The researchers found that the decreasing number of poverty from 2015 to 2019 is about 15%. The VDI status for districts/municipalities shows that the status improved from underdeveloped villages in 2015 to developing villages in 2019. Java is the region that contributed to making the status improved either to be developing, developed, or independent. At the same time, it is the Papua region known as the region consisting of most of the least underdeveloped villages. Since the goal of this policy in poverty reduction still works slowly, it needs a lot of effort from many levels of government, from the village, regional, and national officials, to work together cooperatively.

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