TAXATION AND PUBLIC HEALTH INVESTMENT: POLICY CHOICES AND TRADEOFFS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Manoj Atolia ◽  
Chris Papageorgiou ◽  
Stephen J. Turnovsky
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Demand For Health

In recent years, there has been an explosive increase in the demand for health products and services by people all around the globe, and particularly in advanced economies. Aiming to enhance longevity and also to improve quality of life, individual consumption of pharmaceutical products and services has risen exponentially since the early 1980s. This paper develops a model in which agents invest part of their resources in medical products and time in physical exercise to enhance their health status. In the first part of the paper, we study the steady state and transitional dynamics of the model with special emphasis on the effects of health decisions on aggregate outcomes. In the second part, we explore how public health policies may alter private economic decisions that promote healthier and more productive lives.

scholarly journals PERCORRENDO OS CAMINHOS DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE SAÚDE E DO MEIO AMBIENTE

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Débora Aparecida da Silva Santos ◽  
Pedro Vieira De Azevedo ◽  
Jullianna Vitorio Vieira De Azevedo ◽  
Telma Lúcia Bezerra Alves
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Public

O presente estudo propõe uma análise do caminho percorrido na relação entre as políticas públicas de saúde e do meio ambiente em um contexto amplo, através de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema. A aproximação da temática ambiental com o movimento de promoção da saúde permite a ampliação na compreensão do processo saúde-doença. Essa proposta seleciona a integração entre os setores como condição para o estabelecimento e a execução de políticas públicas como maneira de garantir melhores condições socioambientais. Desta maneira, é indispensável uma discussão ampla da importância dos diversos atores sociais relacionados à saúde e ao meio ambiente, entendendo que a ação interdisciplinar através do reconhecimento das políticas públicas melhora a qualidade de vida da população e, consequentemente, contribui para uma sociedade mais equilibrada ecologicamente. Palavras-chave: Políticas públicas, Saúde, Meio ambiente, Saúde ambiental.TRAVERSING THE WAYS OF THE RELATION BETWEEN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC POLICIES Abstract: This study presents an analysis of the path taken in the relation between public health policies and the environment in a broader context, through a literature review on the topic. The approach of environmental issues with the health promotion movement allows a broader understanding of the health-disease process. This proposal selects the integration across sectors as a condition for the establishment and implementation of public policies as a way to ensure better environmental conditions. In this way, a broad discussion of the importance of various social actors related to health and the environment is essential, understanding that an interdisciplinary action by recognizing the public policies improves people's quality of life and, consequently, contributes to a more balanced society ecologically. Key words: Public policies, Health, Environment, Environmental health.

scholarly journals Quality of life of individuals with stroke and their caregivers in a city of Triângulo Mineiro

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Lícia de Lima ◽  
Jair Lício Ferreira Santos ◽  
Namie Okino Sawada ◽  
Lívia Aparecida Pereira de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Stroke Group

Objective: To compare the quality of life (QoL) of individuals with stroke and their caregivers. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional survey, involving 83 individuals who suffered a stroke. The participants were divided into four groups: group of individuals with stroke who have caregivers (44), group of individuals with stroke without caregivers (39), group of caregivers (44) and a reference group (83) in the period of March to May 2010. To assess QoL, the instrument used was the WHOQOL-bref. Results: The highest scores for the four fields were observed increasingly for the group of individuals with stroke with caregivers, the stroke group without caregivers followed by the group of caregivers and the reference group. The comparison of scores between groups showed that the presence of stroke and the fact of being caregiver affect QoL in all domains of WHOQOL-bref. Conclusion: It was possible to understand the negative impact that stroke causes in the lives of the affected ones and their caregivers, in order to better target public health policies.

scholarly journals Defending public health policies from objections of paternalism

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Greenacre
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Common Criticism

Paternalism is defined as an action that infringes a person’s liberty and is performed without their consent, but is intended to improve a person’s welfare. As such, many public health policies are criticized as being paternalistic because they attempt to influence citizens’ behaviours to prevent disease or injury. Therefore, public health advocates ought to be aware of what justifies paternalism. Arguments based on the harm principle are the strongest defense of paternalistic policies in Western culture, but reinforcing an individual’s integrity and improving social welfare may also be considered sufficient reasons. In practice, what is considered sufficient reason for paternalism depends upon the culture of the affected society. Collectivist cultures are willing to accept a paternalistic policy in exchange for a better quality of life for their whole community, but individualist cultures are very averse to such a trade. This article provides examples of how these principles arise in the debate over implementing anti-obesity legislation. Advocates must recognize paternalism and know when it is acceptable in order to defend public health policy from that common criticism.

scholarly journals Population simulations of COVID-19 outbreaks provide tools for risk assessment and continuity planning

JAMIA Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Peng ◽  
Rowland W Pettit ◽  
Christopher I Amos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Robustness Analysis ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Command Line ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Continuity Planning ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Community Infection

Abstract Objectives We developed COVID-19 Outbreak Simulator (https://ictr.github.io/covid19-outbreak-simulator/) to quantitatively estimate the effectiveness of preventative and interventive measures to prevent and battle COVID-19 outbreaks for specific populations. Materials and methods Our simulator simulates the entire course of infection and transmission of the virus among individuals in heterogeneous populations, subject to operations and influences, such as quarantine, testing, social distancing, and community infection. It provides command-line and Jupyter notebook interfaces and a plugin system for user-defined operations. Results The simulator provides quantitative estimates for COVID-19 outbreaks in a variety of scenarios and assists the development of public health policies, risk-reduction operations, and emergency response plans. Discussion Our simulator is powerful, flexible, and customizable, although successful applications require realistic estimation and robustness analysis of population-specific parameters. Conclusion Risk assessment and continuity planning for COVID-19 outbreaks are crucial for the continued operation of many organizations. Our simulator will be continuously expanded to meet this need.

scholarly journals Characterization of death from colorectal cancer in Mato Grosso State/Legal Amazon/Brazil, 2000-2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Caló ◽  
B S N Souza ◽  
N D Galvão ◽  
R A G Souza ◽  
J C S Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Rectosigmoid Junction ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer has been one of the cancers that most contributed to mortality, in both sexes in the world. In Brazil, cancer is among the top five causes of death and colorectal cancer is ranked on the fifth position. Of the Federative Units belonging to the Legal Amazon, Mato Grosso stands out for the higher adjusted incidence of colorectal cancer for both sexes. Thus, the objective is to characterize deaths from colorectal cancer, according to sociodemographic variables in Mato Grosso from 2000 to 2016. Methods A descriptive study was carried out, using data from the Mortality Information System, made available by the Department of Health of the Mato Grosso State. Deaths of all ages were selected, whose basic cause was identified by the codes from the International Classification of Diseases: (C.18) colon cancer, (C.19) rectosigmoid junction cancer, (C.20) rectal cancer or (C.21) anus cancer. Results Between 2000 and 2016, 31,607 deaths from cancer were registered. Of these, 1,750 (5.6%) were due to colorectal cancer. An increased number of deaths was observed at the end of the period, with a variation from 46 deaths in 2000 from 173 in 2016. Highest frequency was verified in men (51.3%), people aged 60 years or older (59.7%), black (54.6%), married (52.3%) and those with primary education (55.2%). According to Brazilian occupation classification options or those answers filled out on the death certificate, highest frequency were for “Retired” (26.2%), “Housewife” (23.1%), Agricultural/Forestry and Fisheries” (11.3%) and “Production of Industrial Goods and Services” (10.3%). Conclusions This study evidenced the increased number of deaths due to colorectal cancer in Mato Grosso State, and identified priority groups for interventions through public health policies which should include screening and early diagnosis to cope with the disease. Key messages Evidenced the increased number of deaths due to colorectal cancer in Mato Grosso State. Identified priority groups for interventions through public health policies.

Epidemiological surveillance and performance assessment: the two roles of health indicators during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-203
Author(s):  
Nathan Genicot
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Massive Development

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to the massive development and use of health indicators. Drawing on the history of international public health and of the management of infectious disease, this paper attempts to show that the normative power acquired by metrics during the pandemic can be understood in light of two rationales: epidemiological surveillance and performance assessment. On the one hand, indicators are established to evaluate and rank countries’ responses to the outbreak; on the other, the evolution of indicators has a direct influence on the content of public health policies. Although quantitative data are an absolute necessity for coping with such disasters, it is critical to bear in mind the inherent partiality and precarity of the information provided by health indicators. Given the growing importance of normative quantitative devices during the pandemic, and assuming that their influence is unlikely to decrease in the future, they call for close scrutiny.

The effects of public health policies on health inequalities: a review of reviews

The Lancet ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 390 ◽  
pp. S12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Thomson ◽  
Frances Hillier-Brown ◽  
Adam Todd ◽  
Courtney McNamara ◽  
Tim Huijits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Review Of Reviews
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