Conceptual transfer: Crosslinguistic effects in categorization and construal

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
SCOTT JARVIS
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Conceptual Transfer ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the relationship between language and cognition in bilinguals has often focused on general effects that are common to bilinguals of all language backgrounds, such as the positive effects of bilingualism in various areas of cognitive development (e.g., Bialystok, 2005; Karmiloff-Smith, 1992). However, there are also language-specific effects in the relationship between language and cognition in bilinguals that emerge in the form of cross-linguistic influence and, in many cases, these cross-linguistic effects do not appear to be confined to purely linguistic (e.g., phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic) phenomena. For example, bilinguals’ choice of words for referring to objects and actions, as well as their choice of syntactic and discursive structures for referring to events and situations, often reflect ways of conveying meaning and intentions that are specific to particular language backgrounds.

Parental Social Support and the Physical Activity-Related Behaviors of Youth: A Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Beets ◽  
Bradley J. Cardinal ◽  
Brandon L. Alderman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Composite Measures ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Youth Physical Activity ◽  
Youth Activity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Social support from parents serves as one of the primary influences of youth physical activity—related behaviors. A systematic review was conducted on the relationship of parental social support to the physical activity—related behaviors of youth. Four categories of social support were identified, falling under two distinct mechanisms—tangible and intangible. Tangible social support is divided into two categories: instrumental—purchasing equipment/payment of fees and transportation—and conditional—doing activity with and watching/supervision. Intangible social support is divided into the two categories of motivational— encouragement and praise—and informational—discussing benefits of. The majority of studies demonstrated positive associations among selected measures of parental tangible and intangible social support and youth activity. Overall, parental social support demonstrated positive effects. Many studies, however, combine social support categories and/or respondents into composite measures, making it difficult to disentangle the specific effects of parents and the type of support provided.

scholarly journals Sleep maturation influences cognitive development of preterm toddlers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Ando ◽  
Hidenobu Ohta ◽  
Yuko Yoshimura ◽  
Machiko Nakagawa ◽  
Yoko Asaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Daytime Nap ◽  
Nighttime Sleep ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractOur recent study on full-term toddlers demonstrated that daytime nap properties affect the distribution ratio between nap and nighttime sleep duration in total sleep time but does not affect the overall total amount of daily sleep time. However, there is still no clear scientific consensus as to whether the ratio between naps and nighttime sleep or just daily total sleep duration itself is more important for healthy child development. In the current study, to gain an answer to this question, we examined the relationship between the sleep properties and the cognitive development of toddlers born prematurely using actigraphy and the Kyoto scale of psychological development (KSPD) test. 101 premature toddlers of approximately 1.5 years of age were recruited for the study. Actigraphy units were attached to their waist with an adjustable elastic belt for 7 consecutive days and a child sleep diary was completed by their parents. In the study, we found no significant correlation between either nap or nighttime sleep duration and cognitive development of the preterm toddlers. In contrast, we found that stable daily wake time was significantly associated with better cognitive development, suggesting that sleep regulation may contribute to the brain maturation of preterm toddlers.

scholarly journals The Diffusion Mechanism of Megaproject Citizenship Behavior: The Role of Institutional Isomorphism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8123
Author(s):  
Delei Yang ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
Qingbin Cui ◽  
Qinghua He ◽  
Xian Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mimetic Isomorphism

Megaproject citizenship behavior (MCB) has been confirmed to a play vital role on megaproject performance. Although current research has argued that institution elements have had an impact on MCB diffusion, limited studies have empirically investigated the distinct effectiveness of various institution elements on driving MCB’s widespread diffusion in construction megaprojects. Based on institution theory, this study proposes a theoretical model comprising institutional elements (i.e., normative and mimetic isomorphism), owner’s support, relationship-based trust, and their effect or impact on MCB’s diffusion. Based on 171 industrial questionnaires collected from managers of contractors and designers in megaprojects. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to validate the established model. The results indicated that both normative and mimetic isomorphism have positive effects on facilitating MCB diffusion, and owner’s support has shown partial mediation in promoting MCB diffusion through normative isomorphism, as well as full mediation in the promoting of MCB diffusion through mimetic isomorphism. Meanwhile, relationship-based trust exerts a positive moderating effect on the relationship between mimetic isomorphism and MCB. This study extends current literature on driving MCB diffusion from the perspective of institutional theory, contributing by providing four implications for megaprojects managers to “buy in” more extensive MCB.

A learning organization perspective on knowledge-sharing behavior and firm innovation

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
Li-Fen Liao
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Learning Organization ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Knowledge Sharing Behavior ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sharing Behavior

Sharing knowledge and firm innovation are the crucial ways to sustain competitive advantage. This study builds a nested model to test the relationship between learning organization, knowledge-sharing behavior, and firm innovation. Data gathered from 254 employees were used to examine the relationship of the learning organization to employees' knowledge-sharing behavior and firm innovation. The results indicate that open-mindedness, shared vision and trust have positive effects on both knowledge-sharing behavior and firm innovation. While commitment to learning does not shows significant relationship on knowledge-sharing behavior and firm innovation. Communication has significance on firm innovation but not significance on knowledge-sharing behavior.

scholarly journals Sex Dolls in the Swedish Media Discourse: Intimacy, Sexuality, and Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Björkas ◽  
Mariah Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
The Media ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSex dolls are a complex phenomenon with several diverse possible emotional, sexual and therapeutic uses. They can be part of a broad variety of sexual practices, and also function as a sexual aid. However, the media discourse on sex dolls first and foremost concerns how we perceive the relationship between intimacy and technology. A critical discourse analysis of the Swedish media discourse on sex dolls reveals six themes which dominate the discourse: (a) the definition of what a human being is; (b) a discourse on the (technological and existential) future; (c) a social effort; (d) a loveless phenomenon; (e) men’s violence against women; and (f) pedophilia. Accordingly, this discourse is very conservative and normative in its view of sexuality, technology, and humanity. Overall, the dominant themes do not provide any space for positive effects of technology on human sexuality, and if they do, it is usually as a substitute for something else.

scholarly journals How Does Suppliers’ Fairness Affect the Relationship Quality of Agricultural Product Supply Chains?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Sun ◽  
Zehua Liu ◽  
Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Procedural Fairness ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Fairness Perception ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Distributive Fairness ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Although many studies have suggested that the relationship between different supply chain members significantly affects agricultural product quality, suppliers’ perceptions of fairness, which greatly influence their decisions on building the relationship quality, are often overlooked. Particularly, the empirical evidence to investigate the impacts of suppliers’ fairness on the relationship quality and the factors that affect the suppliers’ fairness is missing, and therefore this knowledge gap needs to be filled by new research. Herein, we conducted a survey of 450 agricultural product suppliers and systemically analyzed the impact of antecedents on fairness perception and the impact of fairness perception on relationship quality. In addition, we developed a structural equation model and found that information sharing and price satisfaction had significantly positive effects on procedural fairness and distributive fairness, respectively. Furthermore, our studies demonstrated that procedural fairness is more important in improving the relationship quality than distributive fairness. However, supplier dependence is another important impact factor, and it greatly decreases the positive effects of suppliers’ fairness on relationship quality. In summary, the study results provide several managerial implications and extend our understanding of the importance of suppliers’ fairness in the relationship quality, which involves product development with respect to the supplier’s performance.

Some Milestones in Language and Cognition Studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
Probal Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Linguistic Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Independent Functions ◽  
The World ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Conceptual Research

Language and cognition both appear in humans not in their raw form, but framed in a certain pedagogy. In his classic work on the relation between early linguistic development and early cognitive development, Vygotsky pointed out that, right from its inception in an individual's development, language couples the initially (ontogenetically and functionally) independent functions of speech and thought. He stresses that, as the child grows into a full encounter with the world of work, her own private narratives give way to an adult-mediated, non-fantasy-laden access to the public articulation of what her words really mean. Recent lexical conceptual research reaffirms Vygotsky. Current work on the multicoded nature of adult scientific use of language also indicates that understanding the child's cognitive and linguistic growth can help make sense of the multisemiotic writings of science.

Exploring privacy and trust for employee monitoring

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuchih Ernest Chang ◽  
Anne Yenching Liu ◽  
Sungmin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Employee Monitoring ◽  
Communication Privacy ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate privacy boundaries and explores employees’ reactions in employee monitoring. Design/methodology/approach – The research used the metaphor of boundary turbulence in the Communication Privacy Management (CPM) theory to demonstrate the psychological effect on employees. The model comprised organizational culture, CPM, trust, and employee performance in employee monitoring to further investigated the influence exerted by organizational culture and how employees viewed their trust within the organization when implementing employee monitoring. Variables were measured empirically by administrating questionnaires to full-time employees in organizations that currently practice employee monitoring. Findings – The findings showed that a control-oriented organizational culture raised communication privacy turbulence in CPM. The communication privacy turbulence in CPM mostly had negative effects on trust in employee monitoring policy, but not on trust in employee monitoring members. Both trust in employee monitoring policy and trust in employee monitoring members had positive effects on employee commitment and compliance to employee monitoring. Research limitations/implications – This research applied the CPM theory in workplace privacy to explore the relationship between employees’ privacy and trust. The results provide insights of why employees feel psychological resistance when they are forced to accept the practice of employee monitoring. In addition, this study explored the relationship between CPM and trust, and offer support and verification to prior studies. Practical implications – For practitioners, the findings help organizations to improve the performance of their employees and to design a more effective environment for employee monitoring. Originality/value – A research model was proposed to study the impacts of CPM on employee monitoring, after a broad survey on related researches. The validated model and its corresponding study results can be referenced by organization managers and decision makers to make favorable tactics for achieving their goals of implementing employee monitoring.

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