scholarly journals Energy, macro- and micronutrient intake among a true longitudinal group of South African adolescents at two interceptions (2000 and 2003): the Birth-to-Twenty (Bt20) Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M MacKeown ◽  
Titilola M Pedro ◽  
Shane A Norris
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Change In Mean

AbstractObjectiveThis study reports on the energy, macro- and micronutrient intakes of a true longitudinal group of 143 urban black South African children from the Birth-to-Twenty (Bt20) study at two interceptions (2000 and 2003) when they were 10 and 13 years old, respectively.MethodsSubjects resided in the urban Johannesburg/Soweto area of the Gauteng Province in South Africa. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. The coded data were analysed using SAS.ResultsMean daily intake of energy, all six macronutrients and most micronutrients (17/19) increased from 2000 to 2003. Of the 19 micronutrients investigated, the mean daily intake of eight (calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and biotin) fell below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) at both interceptions. More than 70% of the children consumed less than the RDA for these same eight nutrients. From 2000 to 2003, there was a decrease in the percentage of children falling below the RDA for energy (from 73 to 59%), but an increase in the percentage of children falling below the RDA for most of the micronutrients. There was a positive percentage change in mean daily intake for all 26 macro- and micronutrients from 2000 to 2003.ConclusionMean daily intake of nutrients increased from 2000 to 2003, but intakes for most micronutrients were still below the RDA at both interceptions for a large percentage of the children. The study has provided valuable information on the nutrient intake and change in intake over time among a longitudinal group of South African adolescents.

Age at Diagnosis of Preinvasive and Invasive Cervical Neoplasia in South Africa: HIV-Positive Versus HIV-Negative Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis-Jacques Jean van Bogaert
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Hypothesis:Human immunodeficiency virus-positive women develop invasive cervical cancer at a significantly earlier age than seronegative women. It is hypothesized that this might result from shorter preinvasive stages.Methods:Prospective observational study of histologically diagnosed 398 low-grade (LGSIL), 738 high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL), and 1048 invasive cancers (IC) in a black South African population. The study comprised of 493 (22.6%) seropositive women and 1691 (77.4%) seronegative women who served as the controls. All were subdivided into 5-years age bands.Results:The mean age at diagnosis of LGSIL and HGSIL was similar in the cases (t= 0.7;P= 0.49) and the controls (t= 1.2;P= 0.22). The mean age at diagnosis of IC was significantly younger in the HIV-seropositive women than in the HIV-seronegative women (t= 14.0;P< 0.0001). The relative age distribution curves of LGSIL, HGSIL, and IC evolved close to each other in the cases. In the seronegative women, there was an 18-year lag between the peak age distribution of HGSIL and IC.Conclusion:Our data support the hypothesis of a shorter preinvasive stage in HIV-positive women.

scholarly journals How much is too much? A case report of nutritional supplement use of a high-performance athlete

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1724-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Carlsohn ◽  
Michael Cassel ◽  
Karsten Linné ◽  
Frank Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Nutrient

Although dietary nutrient intake is often adequate, nutritional supplement use is common among elite athletes. However, high-dose supplements or the use of multiple supplements may exceed the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of particular nutrients or even result in a daily intake above tolerable upper limits (UL). The present case report presents nutritional intake data and supplement use of a highly trained male swimmer competing at international level. Habitual energy and micronutrient intake were analysed by 3 d dietary reports. Supplement use and dosage were assessed, and total amount of nutrient supply was calculated. Micronutrient intake was evaluated based on RDA and UL as presented by the European Scientific Committee on Food, and maximum permitted levels in supplements (MPL) are given. The athlete's diet provided adequate micronutrient content well above RDA except for vitamin D. Simultaneous use of ten different supplements was reported, resulting in excess intake above tolerable UL for folate, vitamin E and Zn. Additionally, daily supplement dosage was considerably above MPL for nine micronutrients consumed as artificial products. Risks and possible side effects of exceeding UL by the athlete are discussed. Athletes with high energy intake may be at risk of exceeding UL of particular nutrients if multiple supplements are added. Therefore, dietary counselling of athletes should include assessment of habitual diet and nutritional supplement intake. Educating athletes to balance their diets instead of taking supplements might be prudent to prevent health risks that may occur with long-term excess nutrient intake.

scholarly journals Impact of ready-to-eat breakfast cereal (RTEBC) consumption on adequacy of micronutrient intakes and compliance with dietary recommendations in Irish adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Galvin ◽  
M Kiely ◽  
A Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
The North ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Calcium Iron

AbstractObjective:To describe the consumption of ready-to-eat-breakfast cereals (RTEBCs) in Irish adults and its impact on adequacy and safety of micronutrient intakes and compliance with dietary recommendations.Design:Analysis for this paper used data from the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey that estimated habitual food intake using a 7-day food diary in a representative sample of adults aged 18–64 years (n=1379; 662 men, 717 women).Results:Despite the small quantity consumed (mean 28.6gday-1or 4.7% of total energy intake), RTEBCs made an important contribution to the mean daily intake of carbohydrate (8.1%), starch (10.8%), dietary fibre (9.8%) and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) (10.8%) in consumers. Increased consumption was associated with a more fibre-dense diet and with greater compliance with dietary recommendations for fat, carbohydrate and NSP. Fortified RTEBCs contributed significantly to mean daily intakes of iron (18%), thiamin (14%), riboflavin (17%), niacin (15%), vitamin B6(13%), total folate (18%) and vitamin D (10%) and most of the contribution was from micronutrients added to RTEBCs. Increased consumption of fortified RTEBCs was associated with an increased nutrient density for a number of micronutrients and with a lower prevalence of dietary inadequacy of calcium, iron, riboflavin and folate, particularly in women. However, it was not associated with intakes in excess of the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for any micronutrient.Conclusions:The consumption of RTEBCs is associated with improved compliance with dietary recommendations for fat, carbohydrate and fibre, with a more micronutrient-dense diet and a reduced risk of dietary inadequacy for calcium, iron, riboflavin and folate, without increasing the risk of excessive intakes of micronutrients.

scholarly journals National fortification of staple foods can make a significant contribution to micronutrient intake of South African adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelia P Steyn ◽  
Petro Wolmarans ◽  
Johanna H Nel ◽  
Lesley T Bourne
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
South African ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
Calcium Iron

AbstractBackgroundA national survey found that micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in South African children, particularly calcium, iron, zinc, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin A, E and C. Mandatory fortification of maize meal and wheat flour were introduced in 2003 to combat some of the deficiencies found in children. To date however, there has not been a national survey on dietary intake in adults.ObjectivesThe main objectives of this study were to evaluate the micronutrient intake of the diet consumed by the average adult South African by means of secondary data analyses and secondly to evaluate the effects of fortification on selected nutrient intakes.Study designSecondary data analysis was carried out with numerous dietary surveys on adults to create a database that included sampling (and weighting) according to ethnic/urban–rural residence in line with the population census, of which 79% were black Africans and the majority resided in rural areas. The effect of fortification was evaluated by substituting fortified foods in the diet for the unfortified products.SubjectsThe combined database used in this study comprised 3229 adults.ResultsMean calcium, iron, folate and vitamin B6 intakes were very low particularly in women. Mean intakes of most micronutrients were lower in rural areas. Fortification of maize meal and wheat flour (bread) raised mean levels of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6 and folate above the recommended nutrient intakes (RNIs). In women, despite fortification, mean iron intakes remained below the RNIs, as did calcium since it was not in the fortification mix.ConclusionThe average dietary intake of adults was of poor nutrient density, particularly in rural areas. Fortification of maize meal and wheat flour (bread) considerably improved mean vitamin B6, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate and iron intakes as well as the overall mean adequacy ratio of the diet.

scholarly journals Relationship between Autistic Traits and Nutrient Intake among Japanese Children and Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2258
Author(s):  
Hiromasa Tsujiguchi ◽  
Sakae Miyagi ◽  
Thao Thi Thu Nguyen ◽  
Akinori Hara ◽  
Yasuki Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Food Selectivity ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Increased food selectivity among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may lead to nutritional inadequacy. The present study examined differences in nutrient intake between children and adolescents with and without ASD. We utilized cross-sectional data from the ongoing population Shika Town rural Japanese study. The participants were 1276 Japanese pupils and students aged between 7 and 15 years. ASD traits were evaluated using the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ). Nutrient intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. A one-way analysis of covariance (one-way ANCOVA) was performed to compare the mean nutrient intakes between participants with and without ASD traits. A two-way ANCOVA was conducted to compare the mean nutrient intakes among participants with and without ASD traits in different age groups (children and adolescents). The results obtained showed that the intake of carbohydrates and slightly lower intakes of protein, fat, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, retinol, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, folic acid, and pantothenic acid were higher among children and adolescents with ASD than among those without ASD. No interactions were observed between the autistic groups and age groups, excluding energy intakes. The present results indicate the importance of screening the nutrient intakes of ASD children and adolescents.

Is lack of breakfast contributing to nutrient deficits and poor nutritional indicators among adolescent girls?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeline Jeyakumar ◽  
Padmini Ghugre
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Mean

Background: Breakfast is considered the first and most important meal of the day. Missing the first meal may result in significant nutritional deficits, if not compensated in subsequent meals. Aim: To describe the nutrient intake through breakfast and to study its association with nutritional indicators among adolescent girls. Methods: A cross-sectional study among adolescent girls ( n = 565) 16–18 years was carried out in urban slums of Pune, Maharashtra, India. Haemoglobin was assessed by cyanmethemoglobin method. Nutritional status was assessed through anthropometry and three 24-hours diet recall. Z scores, independent sample test, and linear logistic regression were used to assess undernutrition, to compare means of nutrient intake and to associate nutrient intake with nutritional status, respectively. Results: Almost 50% did not consume solid food for breakfast and 99% of the participants consumed inadequate breakfast (<610 kcal). Two types of breakfast emerged: I (bakery products + beverage) and II (traditional breakfast + beverage). Although the mean energy intake of type II breakfast (235±100.55 kcal) and the mean micronutrient intake was significantly higher than type I (micronutrients: vitamin C and folate ( p = 0.001), iron ( p = 0.01)) it did not meet the adequacy norms for breakfast. Among nutritional indicators breakfast intake was not directly associated with body mass index. However, mean intake of nutrients such as energy, protein and iron through the day were significantly lesser ( p = 0.001, p = 0.01 and p = 0.01 respectively) among anaemic adolescents. Linear regression showed significant association between energy, fat intake and BAZ scores. Conclusions: Compensating dietary deficits that arise in the first meal would directly address the day’s nutrient deficit. The results highlight the need for a food-based approach to address undernutrition among adolescent girls in resource-poor settings.

scholarly journals Nutrient Intake and Adequacy Among Children 12–18 Months of Age in the Urban Slums of Mumbai, India (P11-093-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kripa Rajagopalan ◽  
Samantha Huey ◽  
Sudha Venkatramanan ◽  
Shobha Udipi ◽  
Varsha Thakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Data

Abstract Objectives a) To examine the mean nutrient intake among young children 12–18 months of age in urban slums of Mumbai, b) to determine the adequacy of micronutrient intake in their diet as per the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) recommendations for optimum growth and development, and c) to determine if there is a difference in the nutrient intake of those randomized vs not randomized to the trial involving feeding of iron- and zinc-biofortified pearl millet complementary foods. Methods A total of 407 children were screened of which dietary data was available for 359 children. Of the total randomized (n = 223), dietary data was available for 216 children who were randomized to one of the two study arms (Arm 1: n = 107, Arm 2: n = 109). A 24-hour dietary recall was performed, and nutrient intake was calculated using CS dietary software using the NIN food composition tables. Results The average age of children was 14.81 months; 51% were males and 49% females. Majority of the children (81.64%) breastfed the previous day. The mean intake per day of calories, protein, iron, and zinc from complementary foods was found to be 598 kcal, 19.9 g, 3.25 mg, and 1.85 mg, respectively. On average, complementary feeding contributed to 89.6% of RDA for energy, 82.4% of calcium, 57.9% of iron, 58.8% of zinc, 51.9% vitamin A, 7.2% of vitamin B12, and 83.3% of dietary folate. All children had adequate caloric and protein intake. However, > 90% of children consumed inadequate iron, zinc, and folate according to the nutrient density of the complementary food, and > 50% of children consumed inadequate vitamin A and calcium. Overall, children randomized to the intervention were found to have a significantly higher intake of calories, protein, folate, and zinc. Conclusions Majority of children living in the urban slums of Mumbai consumed diet inadequate for most micronutrients. Our findings confirm the suitability of this population for interventions aiming to improve micronutrient intake Funding Sources HarvestPlus.

Nutritional status of university faculty as influenced by the nutrient intake

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Kaur ◽  
Sonika Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
The Mean ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
Selection Of

The goal of this study was to determine the nutrient intake by the faculty of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. A random selection of 240 university faculty comprising of 80 Assistant Professors, 80 Associate Professors and 80 Professors was made. A questionnaire was designed to assess general characteristics, daily food intakes among university faculty. Dietary survey was carried out by using “24 hour recall method” for three consecutive days. From the dietary intake the average daily intake of nutrients was calculated using Indian Nutrition Software (DIET CAL). The nutrient intake was compared with the recommended dietary allowances for Indians and percentage adequacy of nutrients intake was calculated.The mean daily intake of nutrients like protein, fat, calcium and iron was more than adequate by both female and male respondents i.e. 59.54g (108.25%), 52.60g (263.00%), 1064.78mg (177.46%) and 21.94mg (104.48%) by females respectively and 61.50g (102.50%), 55.35g (221.40%), 1174.89mg (195.81%) and 22.87mg (134.53%)by males respectively. The mean daily intake of nutrients like energy, carbohydrates and beta carotene was inadequate by both female and male respondents i.e. 1736.06 Kcal (91.37%), 244.05g (81.35%), 3177.84μg (66.20%) respectively by female respondents and 1877.67 Kcal (80.93%), 262.12g (87.37%), 4051.38μg (84.40%) respectively by male respondents.

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