scholarly journals How much is too much? A case report of nutritional supplement use of a high-performance athlete

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1724-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Carlsohn ◽  
Michael Cassel ◽  
Karsten Linné ◽  
Frank Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Nutrient

Although dietary nutrient intake is often adequate, nutritional supplement use is common among elite athletes. However, high-dose supplements or the use of multiple supplements may exceed the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of particular nutrients or even result in a daily intake above tolerable upper limits (UL). The present case report presents nutritional intake data and supplement use of a highly trained male swimmer competing at international level. Habitual energy and micronutrient intake were analysed by 3 d dietary reports. Supplement use and dosage were assessed, and total amount of nutrient supply was calculated. Micronutrient intake was evaluated based on RDA and UL as presented by the European Scientific Committee on Food, and maximum permitted levels in supplements (MPL) are given. The athlete's diet provided adequate micronutrient content well above RDA except for vitamin D. Simultaneous use of ten different supplements was reported, resulting in excess intake above tolerable UL for folate, vitamin E and Zn. Additionally, daily supplement dosage was considerably above MPL for nine micronutrients consumed as artificial products. Risks and possible side effects of exceeding UL by the athlete are discussed. Athletes with high energy intake may be at risk of exceeding UL of particular nutrients if multiple supplements are added. Therefore, dietary counselling of athletes should include assessment of habitual diet and nutritional supplement intake. Educating athletes to balance their diets instead of taking supplements might be prudent to prevent health risks that may occur with long-term excess nutrient intake.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Micro- and Macro-Nutrient Intakes and Trajectories of Macro-Nutrient Supply in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Radhouene Doggui ◽  
Hanin Al-Jawaldeh ◽  
Jalila El Ati ◽  
Rawhieh Barham ◽  
Lara Nasreddine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies

The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is experiencing a nutrition transition, characterized by the emergence of overnutrition and micro-nutrient deficiencies. No previous study has comparatively examined nutrient intake in adults across countries in the EMR. This review examined the adequacy of nutrients in adults living in the EMR. Moreover, it analyzed the food balance sheets (FBS) for 1961–2018 to identify the trajectory of energy supply from macro-nutrients in the EMR. A systematic search was conducted from January 2012 to September 2020. Only observational studies were retained with a random sampling design. An assessment of the methodological quality was conducted. Levels of nutrient daily intake and their adequacy compared to the daily reference intake of the Institute of Medicine were reported across the region. No studies were identified for half of the region’s countries. Although nutrient energy intake was satisfactory overall, fat and carbohydrate intake were high. Intake of vitamin D, calcium, potassium, zinc, and magnesium were below that recommended. The analysis of the FBS data allowed for the identification of four linear patterns of trajectories, with countries in the EMR best fitting the ‘high-energy-supply from carbohydrate’ group. This systematic review warrants multi-sectorial commitment to optimize nutrient intake.

scholarly journals High Adherence to the Food Pyramid’s Recommendations Avoids the Risk of Insufficient Nutrient Intake among Farmers in Peri-Urban Kenya

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4470
Author(s):  
Madoka Kishino ◽  
Azumi Hida ◽  
Kenta Hara ◽  
David Nguatha Mungai ◽  
Rose Okoyo Opiyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Target Population ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Food Pyramid ◽  
Micronutrient Intake

This study aimed to investigate whether the Kenyan Food Pyramid (FP) can evaluate excess or insufficient nutrient intake. Participants were farmers (56 men and 64 women, aged 18–60 years) in Wangige Village, Kiambu County—a peri-urban area of Kenya. Cross-sectional data were collected for demographic characteristics, physical measurements, and 2-day and 24-hour dietary recalls. The average adherence level to the FP (hereafter, “FP score”) was 25.0 out of 50.0, with a minimum and maximum of 14.1 and 41.5, respectively. Energy and protein % energy ratio were significantly higher (p for trend < 0.05) in the higher FP score group. A higher FP score was also associated with a higher energy-adjusted micronutrient intake, and it was more likely to meet nutrient requirements. However, the higher FP score group had a higher risk of excess sodium intake (p for trend < 0.001). The Kenyan FP could be a useful tool for avoiding the risk of insufficient nutrient intake, but not for avoiding high energy and sodium intake. It is necessary to include appropriate evaluations to limit energy, sugar, and salt. Food groups and recommendations of the FP should be optimised according to the dietary environment of the target population so as to promote their health.

scholarly journals Energy, macro- and micronutrient intake among a true longitudinal group of South African adolescents at two interceptions (2000 and 2003): the Birth-to-Twenty (Bt20) Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M MacKeown ◽  
Titilola M Pedro ◽  
Shane A Norris
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Change In Mean

AbstractObjectiveThis study reports on the energy, macro- and micronutrient intakes of a true longitudinal group of 143 urban black South African children from the Birth-to-Twenty (Bt20) study at two interceptions (2000 and 2003) when they were 10 and 13 years old, respectively.MethodsSubjects resided in the urban Johannesburg/Soweto area of the Gauteng Province in South Africa. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. The coded data were analysed using SAS.ResultsMean daily intake of energy, all six macronutrients and most micronutrients (17/19) increased from 2000 to 2003. Of the 19 micronutrients investigated, the mean daily intake of eight (calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and biotin) fell below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) at both interceptions. More than 70% of the children consumed less than the RDA for these same eight nutrients. From 2000 to 2003, there was a decrease in the percentage of children falling below the RDA for energy (from 73 to 59%), but an increase in the percentage of children falling below the RDA for most of the micronutrients. There was a positive percentage change in mean daily intake for all 26 macro- and micronutrients from 2000 to 2003.ConclusionMean daily intake of nutrients increased from 2000 to 2003, but intakes for most micronutrients were still below the RDA at both interceptions for a large percentage of the children. The study has provided valuable information on the nutrient intake and change in intake over time among a longitudinal group of South African adolescents.

scholarly journals Ecstasy tablets intoxication with lethal autcome

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Djordjevic ◽  
Gordana Tomasevic
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Recreational Drug ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
Death Case ◽  
Spectral Detection ◽  
Minimal Concentration

Background. Ecstasy, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), is a synthetic compound increasingly popular as a recreational drug. Tablets known as ecstasy contain MDMA, but may also contain caffeine, ephedrine, paramethoxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), amphetamine, methamphetamine, and ketamine. After absorption MDMA is metabolized to MDA, 4-hydroxy-3- metoxymetamphetamine (HMMA) and 4-hydroxy-3- metoxyamphetamine (HMA). After that HMMA and HMA are conjugated and excreted by urine. The aim of this report was to confirm by toxicological post mortem analyses of poisoned person organs that ecstasy had been the cause of his death. Case report. We reported the death of a 17-year-old boy after the ingestion of ecstasy. MDMA and metabolites were determined by multicolumn high performance liquid chromatography with UV spectral detection (HPLC-UV). Toxicological tests showed the presence of MDMA in all samples. When examining post mortem material (the organs), the highest concentrations were measured in the stomach (835,97 ?g/g) and kidney (801,14 ?g/g). The minimal concentration was in the liver (22,26 ?g/g). Conclusion. The obtained results of MDMA and its metabolites concentrations showed abuse of a high dose of ecstasy. .

scholarly journals Nutrient Intake of 12–59-Months-Old Children and Women in Ethiopia, and Development of Calculator for Inadequate Micronutrient Intake (CIMI) App for Ethiopian Population (P13-008-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beruk Desalegn ◽  
Tafese Borko, Sr. ◽  
Christine Lambert ◽  
Christian Widmer ◽  
Ute Gola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Rural Ethiopia ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Nutrient

Abstract Objectives To assess the dietary nutrient intakes of 12–23-months-old children and lactating women at fasting vs. non-fasting period in rural Ethiopia. In addition, to develop and validate a Calculator for Inadequate Intake of Micronutrient (CIMI) program, which is simple, easy-to-use app based on consumption amounts of different food and beverages groups which calculates the dietary micronutrient intake of an individual. Methods A community-based longitudinal assessments were conducted in lent fasting (n = 377 and 568) and non-fasting (n = 404 and 518) periods at rural Ethiopia (12–23-months-old children and lactating mothers, respectively). Statistical analyses were done using SPSS and Excel. For validation, we compared the average nutrient intake and percentage of participants identified with an inadequate intake (<2/3 of RNI) analyzed by two different methods: CIMI and the established nutrition assessment software NutriSurvey (NS). Results Children's and women's intake of the energy and all of the nutrients were lower in the lent fasting compared to non-fasting in both the study groups. Likewise, the prevalence of inadequate intake of most of the energy, protein and most micronutrients were higher in both the 12–23-months-old children (1.7–9.1%) and lactating women in lent fasting (1.6–21.4%) than non-fasting period. Comparable average dietary nutrient for children (R = 0.741–0.956) and lactating mothers (R = 0.628–0.920) and inadequate prevalence results were calculated by CIMI and NS. Conclusions Nutrition intervention should give more attention on diet improvement activities of the young children and lactating women and religious fasting periods should also get priority in this respect. CIMI developed for Ethiopian population precisely determine the average nutrient intake and identify inadequate micronutrient intake of individuals using RNI. Funding Sources German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Toxic encephalopathy associated with high-dose metronidazole therapy in a dog: a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hajek ◽  
V. Simerdova ◽  
M. Vavra ◽  
CF Agudelo
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Case Report ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Toxic Encephalopathy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Mixed Breed

This case report describes an episode of acute ataxia, tremor, vertical nystagmus and progressive weakness in a mixed breed dog treated with high doses of metronidazole. Complete blood cell count, serum biochemistry, coagulation profile, blood pressure measurement, urinalysis, computed tomography of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid examination were unremarkable. Metronidazole had been administered at a dose of 65 mg/kg/day and neurotoxicity was, therefore, suspected. Drug concentrations in the patient’s serum and cerebrospinal fluid were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography and compared to control dogs. Metronidazole administration was immediately discontinued; supportive care consisted of fluid therapy and diazepam treatment. The neurological status of the patient improved rapidly within 72 h. The aim of this case report is to describe the clinical presentation of metronidazole intoxication in a mixed breed dog and to interpret the chromatographic analysis which can be a beneficial diagnostic and screening tool in dogs intoxicated with metronidazole.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Bowel Disease, High-Dose Steroids, Osteoporosis, or an Oncological Etiology for a Pathological Femoral Neck Fracture in a Young Adult: A Case Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Raudenbush ◽  
Ian Walton ◽  
Ashley Simela ◽  
Michael Retino
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
English Language ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Neck Fracture ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Femoral neck fractures occur in approximately 6,000 of young adults annually (ages 18-49) (1). Of these, a high-energy traumatic event is the typical cause. Although medications and chronic diseases have been implicated as confounding causes of hip fractures, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for an oncologic etiology of hip fractures occurring in young patients without an inciting traumatic event. Study Design: A case report and literature search in the English language.

scholarly journals Dietary determinants of iron intake in women of child-bearing age (WCBA) (18–50y) in Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Fahy ◽  
Laura Kehoe ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
Breige A. McNulty ◽  
Anne P. Nugent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
The Difference

AbstractDietary iron requirements are higher among women of child-bearing age (WCBA) to replenish blood loss during menses, to prevent iron deficiency anaemia and to support a healthy foetus during pregnancy. Low intakes of iron have previously been reported among WCBA in Ireland and across Europe and data from European countries have shown that there is evidence of anaemia and low iron stores in this population group. The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary patterns influencing iron intakes in WCBA (18–50 years) in Ireland.Analyses were based on the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2008–2010) (www.iuna.net). A 4 day semi-weighed food record was used to collect food and beverage intake data (including nutritional supplement use) from a nationally representative sample of 1500 adults (487 women (18–50y)). Nutrient intakes were estimated using WISP© based on UK and Irish food composition data. On the basis of mean daily intake of iron, WCBA were divided into three intake groups: low, medium and high. The food groups that accounted for the greatest proportion of the difference between the high (top third) and low (bottom third) of iron intakes were identified.The difference in iron intakes between the high and low intake groups (25 v 6.7mg/d) was 18.3mg/d. Nutritional supplements and ready-to–eat breakfast cereals (RTEBC) (commonly fortified with iron) accounted for 58 and 20% of the difference in intakes between the high and low intake group, respectively. The contribution of nutritional supplements to the difference in iron intakes can be explained by the proportion of users in the high vs low intake group (27% vs < 1%). The contribution of RTEBC to the difference in iron intakes can be explained by both a higher proportion of those in the high vs low intake group consuming RTEBC and those in the high intake group having a higher mean daily intake of RTEBC (78% vs 36%; 32g/d vs 7g/d).Most of the difference in iron intake between high and low consumers is attributable to nutritional supplement use and the patterns of consumption of fortified RTEBC. These findings will aid in the development of strategies to improve iron intakes in WCBA in Ireland.

Efficacy and Safety of Regular Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Use in France: Results from the ECCA Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Touvier ◽  
Boutron-Ruault ◽  
Volatier ◽  
Martin
Keyword(s):  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Annual Frequency ◽  
Excessive Intake

This study investigated the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake and the proportion of subjects who exceed Tolerable Upper Intake Levels a) with food only, and b) with food+supplements, in a population of French regular supplement users (n = 259). Assessment tools were seven-day records for supplements, three-day records for food intake, and a questionnaire about supplement use. Most subjects were recruited in retail outlets that sold supplements. They were recent users of vitamin/mineral supplements, aged over 15 years, and normo-energy reporters. The prevalence (%) of inadequate intake decreased with the inclusion of mean annual supplements, from 68.0 to 54.8 for magnesium, 55.9 to 40.7 for vitamin C, 53.4 to 43.9 for folic acid, 37.5 to 27.5 for iron, and 40.1 to 29.7 for pantothenic acid. Few subjects exceeded upper intake levels when mean annual intake of supplements was considered. When supplement consumption was considered during the studied week only, the proportion of subjects who were in excess of the upper intake levels was higher (maximum: 9.6% for magnesium). Supplement use brought a nutritional benefit for some targeted nutrients. It was not associated with excessive intake in this study, but could become hazardous if the annual frequency of use were to increase.

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