scholarly journals Fast-food menu offerings vary in dietary quality, but are consistently poor

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 924-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon I Kirkpatrick ◽  
Jill Reedy ◽  
Lisa L Kahle ◽  
Jennifer L Harris ◽  
Punam Ohri-Vachaspati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate five popular fast-food chains’ menus in relation to dietary guidance.DesignMenus posted on chains’ websites were coded using the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies and MyPyramid Equivalents Database to enable Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) scores to be assigned. Dollar or value and kids’ menus and sets of items promoted as healthy or nutritious were also assessed.SettingFive popular fast-food chains in the USA.SubjectsNot applicable.ResultsFull menus scored lower than 50 out of 100 possible points on the HEI-2005. Scores for Total Fruit, Whole Grains and Sodium were particularly dismal. Compared with full menus, scores on dollar or value menus were 3 points higher on average, whereas kids’ menus scored 10 points higher on average. Three chains marketed subsets of items as healthy or nutritious; these scored 17 points higher on average compared with the full menus. No menu or subset of menu items received a score higher than 72 out of 100 points.ConclusionsThe poor quality of fast-food menus is a concern in light of increasing away-from-home eating, aggressive marketing to children and minorities, and the tendency for fast-food restaurants to be located in low-income and minority areas. The addition of fruits, vegetables and legumes; replacement of refined with whole grains; and reformulation of offerings high in sodium, solid fats and added sugars are potential strategies to improve fast-food offerings. The HEI may be a useful metric for ongoing monitoring of fast-food menus.

Eating at Fast-Food Restaurants and Dietary Quality in Low-Income Pregnant Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen R. Fowles ◽  
Gayle M. Timmerman ◽  
Miranda Bryant ◽  
SungHun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns of Caribbean/Central American and US Born Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in an Inner-City Setting (P04-110-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Wilson ◽  
Georgiana Yang ◽  
Katerina Lembrikova ◽  
Jonathan Leong ◽  
Sarah Leventer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Central American ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Fresh Vegetables

Abstract Objectives Adherence to the dietary restrictions imposed by CKD may be impacted by cultural dietary patterns. Understanding dietary patterns of specific groups can better guide nutrition and dietary counseling among immigrant populations. Methods A random sample of 86 patients from an inner-city CKD (35), dialysis (22) and transplant clinic (29) were surveyed. Nutrient intake from 24-hour food recall was analyzed using ASA24 software and used to calculate the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Nutrition literacy was assessed via the Newest Vital Signs toolkit. Food frequencies for Caribbean diet staples were hand scored. Results 54 (63%) patients identified as Caribbean/Central American (CARIB) and 32 (37%) pts US born (US). There was no difference in age (64.5 ± 13.7 CARIB vs 58.9 ± 14.8 US) or gender (F/M 27/27 CARIB, 22/10 US). More CARIB had income < $20 K (50% vs 28%, P = 0.029). Mean time in the US was 34.1 ± 15.2 yrs. CARIB had lower nutritional literacy (1.34 ± 1.6 vs 3.0 ± 1.9, P < 0.001), but better HEI (60.7 ± 12.9 vs 53.8 ± 9.1) and were more likely to report small local specialty/ethnic grocery stores (89% vs 60%, P = 0.015) and available fresh produce (96% vs 63%, P = 0.002). CARIB had significantly lower intake of foods like spaghetti, pizza, pasta (4%) vs US (20.7%) (P = 0.018), greater consumption of whole grains (1.55 ± 0.25 vs. 0.758 ± 0.24 P = 0.023), and lower intake of cheese (0.162 ± 0.058 vs. 0.415 ± 0.11 P = 0.032) but no differences in cereal, other meats, total vegetables, total fruits, takeout/fast food, American brand snacks, drinks, or desserts. CARIB consumed significantly different sources of legumes (P = 0.040 by Chi square), seafood, including salt fish (6%), vegetables, including cassava (2%), green banana/plantain (6%), callaloo (4%), and meats including jerk chicken (2%), mutton/cow foot/chicken stew (8%) and oxtail (6%). Conclusions In our inner-City population: 1. CARIB had lower nutritional literacy but higher HEI score. 2. CARIB were more likely to report small ethnic grocery stores and better access to healthy food, although they were more likely to report low income. 3. There were significant differences in nutrient sources including (legumes), whole grains and dairy. 3. CARIB incorporated Caribbean staples into their diet, including fish dishes and fresh vegetables. 4. Cultural background should be considered when counseling even in long-term immigrants with CKD. Funding Sources none.

Friction variation in assessing slipperiness in fast-food restaurants in the USA

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ruey Chang ◽  
Yueng-Hsiang Huang ◽  
Kai Way Li ◽  
Alfred Filiaggi ◽  
Theodore K. Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants

Moderation by Neighborhood Food Outlets on Relationships between Meal Sources and Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-308
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Thomson ◽  
Alicia S. Landry ◽  
Tameka I. Walls ◽  
Melissa H. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants

Objectives: In this study, we tested for moderation by neighborhood food outlet presence on relationships between food outlet shopping or meal sources and dietary intake. Methods: We used generalized linear models to analyze parent-adolescent (12-17 years) dyad data from the 2014 Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health and Eating. Questions included food outlet presence in home (parent) and school (adolescent) neighborhoods (yes or no), shopping at food outlets (parent) (never, rarely, sometimes, often or always), and sources of food consumed away from and at home (weekly frequency). We captured food and beverage intakes via a dietary screener. Results: Relationships between adolescent added sugar intake and scratch cooked evening meals and meals away from home were found only when grocery stores and fast food restaurants, respectively, were present in adolescents' school neighborhoods. Shopping at fruit and vegetable (FV) markets and scratch cooked evening meals were associated with the largest increases in parent and adolescent FV intakes, respectively. Meals away from home at convenience stores were associated with the largest increases in parent and adolescent intakes of added sugars. Conclusions: Neighborhood grocery store and fast food restaurant presence moderated relationships between meal sources and dietary intake only in adolescents.

scholarly journals Infant Food Security in New Zealand: A Multidimensional Index Developed from Cohort Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Schlichting ◽  
Ladan Hashemi ◽  
Cameron Grant
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Demographic Covariates

Food security (FS) during infancy is associated with lifelong outcomes. New Zealand is a developed economy that reports poor childhood nutrition-related health statistics, particularly among minority children, yet has no measure of FS applicable to infancy. The objective was to develop an FS index for New Zealand infants and examine its association with demographic covariates and health outcomes. Within a large (n = 6853) nationally representative cohort, variables describing infant food consumption, breastfeeding, and maternal food-related coping methods were collected from mothers during late infancy. An FS index was derived using confirmatory factor analysis. Associations were assessed by logistic regressions and described using odds ratios (OR) and ≥95% confidence intervals (CI). Fifteen percent of the cohort was highly FS, 43% tenuously food insecure (FIS), and 16% highly food insecure (FIS). Infants from minority ethnic groups had lower odds of being food secure, as did those born to the youngest mothers, mothers who smoked, or those who lived in low-income households. FIS infants had higher odds of morbidity. Interventions to improve infant FS should focus on improving dietary quality, and should give particular consideration to minority infants. We identified that FIS shows wide ethnic and socioeconomic inequity, and is associated with poorer health. The most important driving factors of FIS included poor quality weaning diets, as well as poverty and its proxies. Any interventions to improve infant FS should focus on increasing fruit and vegetable consumption to recommended intake levels, and should give particular consideration to minority infants.

scholarly journals Longitudinal state-level effects on change in body mass index among middle-aged and older adults in the USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Cheng-Chia Chen ◽  
Dong-Chul Seo ◽  
Hsien-Chang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
State Level ◽  
Lower State ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants

Objective: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the effects of state-level socioeconomic status (SES), the density of fast food restaurants and walking to work on body mass index (BMI) among US adults aged 50 years and older. The study sought further to account for the interaction effects of three different hierarchical levels of variables, including time-varying variables and time-invariant variables such as individual and state-level variables. Confounding related to environmental/neighbourhood effects was controlled for through sample selection. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2000–2010 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the 2010 US Census. HRS survey participants aged 50 years and older in 2000, residing in the same census tract during 2000–2010 ( N = 6,156) comprised the study sample. A three-level growth model was fitted to BMI trajectories. Results: BMI significantly increased over time showing both a linear and quadratic decelerating trajectory ( p < .001) where BMI grew faster among sampled adults in their early 50s. Women living in the US states with a lower state-level SES had higher BMIs, while men with higher state-level SES had a higher BMI ( b = −.242, p = .013). In states with a higher proportion of people who walked to work, Hispanics had higher BMIs at baseline and a lower BMI growth rate, compared with non-Hispanic whites ( b = −.033, p < .001). Conclusions: Obesity interventions specific to adults aged 50 years and older require greater emphasis. Potential health inequalities regarding weight gain can be ameliorated through tailoring interventions based on sex, environmental and state-level SES influences.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and associations with BMI in low-income, ethnic minority youth in the USA according to baseline data from four randomised controlled trials

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Madison N. LeCroy ◽  
Holly L. Nicastro ◽  
Kimberly P. Truesdale ◽  
Donna M. Matheson ◽  
Carolyn E. Ievers-Landis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Ethnic Minority Youth ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Treatment Research

Abstract Few studies have derived data-driven dietary patterns in youth in the USA. This study examined data-driven dietary patterns and their associations with BMI measures in predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic minority US youth. Data were from baseline assessments of the four Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) Consortium trials: NET-Works (534 2–4-year-olds), GROW (610 3–5-year-olds), GOALS (241 7–11-year-olds) and IMPACT (360 10–13-year-olds). Weight and height were measured. Children/adult proxies completed three 24-h dietary recalls. Dietary patterns were derived for each site from twenty-four food/beverage groups using k-means cluster analysis. Multivariable linear regression models examined associations of dietary patterns with BMI and percentage of the 95th BMI percentile. Healthy (produce and whole grains) and Unhealthy (fried food, savoury snacks and desserts) patterns were found in NET-Works and GROW. GROW additionally had a dairy- and sugar-sweetened beverage-based pattern. GOALS had a similar Healthy pattern and a pattern resembling a traditional Mexican diet. Associations between dietary patterns and BMI were only observed in IMPACT. In IMPACT, youth in the Sandwich (cold cuts, refined grains, cheese and miscellaneous) compared with Mixed (whole grains and desserts) cluster had significantly higher BMI (β = 0·99 (95 % CI 0·01, 1·97)) and percentage of the 95th BMI percentile (β = 4·17 (95 % CI 0·11, 8·24)). Healthy and Unhealthy patterns were the most common dietary patterns in COPTR youth, but diets may differ according to age, race/ethnicity or geographic location. Public health messages focused on healthy dietary substitutions may help youth mimic a dietary pattern associated with lower BMI.

Service quality in the USA and mainland China's fast-food restaurants

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Qin ◽  
Victor R. Prybutok ◽  
Daniel A. Peak
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants

scholarly journals Prevalence and nutritional quality of free food and beverage acquisitions at school and work by SNAP status

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257879
Author(s):  
Aviva A. Musicus ◽  
Anne N. Thorndike ◽  
Jason P. Block ◽  
Eric B. Rimm ◽  
Sara N. Bleich
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Free Food ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Assistance Program

Background The dual burden of poor diet quality and food insecurity makes free food—food acquired at no cost—a very important part of the nutrition safety net for low-income families. The goal of this study was to determine the national prevalence and nutritional quality of free food acquired separately in two settings: 1) by children at school; and 2) by employees at work; both stratified by participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Methods Using National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey data (2012; n = 4,826 U.S. households containing 5,382 employed adults and 3,338 school-aged children), we used survey-weighted proportions to describe free food acquisition and linear regression to compare the 2010 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) for free/non-free food acquisition events (i.e., meals) by SNAP status. Analyses were conducted in 2019–2020. Results SNAP households had more free acquisition events (29.6%) compared to non-SNAP households (<185% federal poverty level (FPL) = 22.3%; ≥185%FPL = 21.0%, p’s<0.001). For SNAP-participant children, free acquisition events at school had a higher mean HEI-2010 compared to non-free acquisition events at school (50.3 vs. 43.8, p = 0.033) and free acquisition events by SNAP-non-participant children ≥185%FPL at school (50.3 vs. 38.0, p = 0.001). Free and non-free acquisition events at work had relatively low HEI-2010s, with no differences by SNAP status. Conclusions Over one fifth of all food acquisition events were free, but free food acquisitions at school and work were relatively unhealthy. For children participating in SNAP, free food acquired at school had higher nutritional quality. Improving the dietary quality of free foods could improve the health of families, especially those participating in SNAP.

scholarly journals Nutrient Intake and Dietary Quality Among Children and Adolescents by Fast Food Consumption Status: What We Eat in America, NHANES 2013–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 235-235
Author(s):  
Carrie Martin ◽  
M Katherine Hoy ◽  
Theophile Murayi ◽  
Alanna Moshfegh
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fat ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Nutrient Intakes

Abstract Objectives To categorize children and adolescents by frequency of fast food (FF) consumption and compare intakes of energy, nutrients, and dietary quality among those with and without intake of fast food. Methods One day of dietary intake data from What We Eat in America, NHANES 2013–2016 were analyzed. The sample included children and adolescents age 2–5 y (N = 1152), 6–11 y (N = 1804), and 12–19 y (N = 2072). FF consumption on intake day included at least one reported food or beverage with the source indicated as “restaurant fast food/pizza”. Based on self-reported frequency of FF consumption in the previous seven days, participants were categorized as: Infrequent (0 times) (IFF), frequent (1 + times) without report of FF source (FF-NC) or frequent (1 + times) with report of FF source (FF-C) on the intake day. Differences between groups in energy, nutrient intake, and diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015, were assessed using T-tests in a multiple regression adjusting for confounders. Differences were considered significant at P &lt; 0.001. Results There were no significant differences in energy or nutrient intakes by FF status among children 2–5 y. However, their total HEI scores (of possible 100) were higher in IFF (57) and FF-NC (54) vs FF-C (50); subcomponent scores of IFF were higher than FF-C and FF-NC for Refined Grains, and higher for Whole Fruit and Total Protein Foods than FF-C. Among children 6–11 y, IFF had lower intake of polyunsaturated fat and higher intake of vitamin D than FF-C, but no differences in HEI scores. Among adolescents, IFF and FF-NC had lower intakes of energy, carbohydrate, total fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and sodium than FF-C and total HEI scores were higher in IFF (51) and FF-NC (49) vs FF-C (45). Subcomponent scores of IFF were higher for Total and Whole Fruit, Whole Grains, and Added Sugars than FF-C and higher for Total Fruit in FF-NC vs FF-C. There were no differences in nutrient intake or diet quality between IFF and FF-NC in any age group. Conclusions Differences in nutrient intakes and diet quality by FF consumption status varied among children and adolescents. These differences highlight the need to tailor nutrition education and messaging by age. Funding Sources U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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