Dietary patterns and associations with BMI in low-income, ethnic minority youth in the USA according to baseline data from four randomised controlled trials

Abstract Few studies have derived data-driven dietary patterns in youth in the USA. This study examined data-driven dietary patterns and their associations with BMI measures in predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic minority US youth. Data were from baseline assessments of the four Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) Consortium trials: NET-Works (534 2–4-year-olds), GROW (610 3–5-year-olds), GOALS (241 7–11-year-olds) and IMPACT (360 10–13-year-olds). Weight and height were measured. Children/adult proxies completed three 24-h dietary recalls. Dietary patterns were derived for each site from twenty-four food/beverage groups using k-means cluster analysis. Multivariable linear regression models examined associations of dietary patterns with BMI and percentage of the 95th BMI percentile. Healthy (produce and whole grains) and Unhealthy (fried food, savoury snacks and desserts) patterns were found in NET-Works and GROW. GROW additionally had a dairy- and sugar-sweetened beverage-based pattern. GOALS had a similar Healthy pattern and a pattern resembling a traditional Mexican diet. Associations between dietary patterns and BMI were only observed in IMPACT. In IMPACT, youth in the Sandwich (cold cuts, refined grains, cheese and miscellaneous) compared with Mixed (whole grains and desserts) cluster had significantly higher BMI (β = 0·99 (95 % CI 0·01, 1·97)) and percentage of the 95th BMI percentile (β = 4·17 (95 % CI 0·11, 8·24)). Healthy and Unhealthy patterns were the most common dietary patterns in COPTR youth, but diets may differ according to age, race/ethnicity or geographic location. Public health messages focused on healthy dietary substitutions may help youth mimic a dietary pattern associated with lower BMI.

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Social cognitions, distress, and leadership self-efficacy: Associations with aggression for high-risk minority youth

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579414000376 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 759-772 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Stephen S. Leff ◽

Courtney N. Baker ◽

Tracy E. Waasdorp ◽

Nicole A. Vaughn ◽

Katherine B. Bevans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

High Risk ◽

Ethnic Minority ◽

Low Income ◽

Social Information Processing ◽

Urban Youth ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Minority Youth ◽

Ethnic Minority Youth ◽

Youth Aggression

AbstractUrban ethnic minority youth are often exposed to high levels of aggression and violence. As such, many aggression intervention programs that have been designed with suburban nonethnic minority youth have been used or slightly adapted in order to try and meet the needs of high-risk urban youth. The current study contributes to the literature base by examining how well a range of social–cognitive, emotional distress and victimization, and prosocial factors are related to youth aggression in a sample of urban youth. This study utilized data gathered from 109 9- to 15-year-old youth (36.7% male; 84.4% African American) and their parents or caregivers. A series of hierarchical multiple regressions were fit predicting youth aggression from social–cognitive variables, victimization and distress, and prosocial variables, controlling for youth gender and age. Each set of variables explained a significant and unique amount of the variance in youth aggressive behavior. The full model including all predictors accounted for 41% of the variance in aggression. Models suggest that youth with stronger beliefs supportive of violence, youth who experience more overt victimization, and youth who experience greater distress in overtly aggressive situations are likely to be more aggressive. In contrast, youth with higher self-esteem and youth who endorse greater leadership efficacy are likely to be less aggressive. Contrary to hypotheses, hostile attributional bias and knowledge of social information processing, experience of relational victimization, distress in relationally aggressive situations, and community engagement were not associated with aggression. Our study is one of the first to address these important questions for low-income, predominately ethnic minority urban youth, and it has clear implications for adapting aggression prevention programs to be culturally sensitive for urban African American youth.

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Maternal Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy Are Associated with Newborn Body Composition

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.3945/jn.117.248948 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 147 (7) ◽

pp. 1334-1339 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Anne P Starling ◽

Katherine A Sauder ◽

Jill L Kaar ◽

Allison LB Shapiro ◽

Anna Maria Siega-Riz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Reduced Rank Regression ◽

Maternal Dietary Intake

Abstract Background: Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy may influence offspring growth and adiposity. Specific dietary patterns associated with newborn adiposity have not been identified. Objective: We aimed to identify patterns of maternal dietary intake associated with gestational weight gain (GWG) and fasting glucose during pregnancy and to evaluate whether adherence to these patterns is associated with newborn adiposity. Methods: In the Healthy Start prospective cohort, dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed via 24-h recalls. Reduced-rank regression identified dietary patterns predictive of GWG and fasting glucose. Associations between dietary patterns and newborn fat mass, fat-free mass, and adiposity were estimated by using linear regression models among 764 ethnically diverse mother-infant pairs. Results: Two dietary patterns were identified. Pattern 1, correlated with greater GWG (r = 0.22, P < 0.01), was characterized by a higher consumption of poultry, nuts, cheese, fruits, whole grains, added sugars, and solid fats. Greater adherence to pattern 1 (upper compared with lower tertile) predicted a greater newborn fat-free mass (61 g; 95% CI: 12, 110 g) but no difference in fat mass or adiposity. Pattern 2, correlated with greater maternal fasting glucose (r = 0.16, P < 0.01), was characterized by a higher consumption of eggs, starchy vegetables, solid fats, fruits, and nonwhole grains and a lower consumption of dairy foods, dark-green vegetables, and whole grains. Greater adherence to pattern 2 was associated with a greater newborn birth weight (80 g; 95% CI: 15, 145 g), fat mass (33 g; 95% CI: 8, 59 g), and adiposity (0.9%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.6%). Conclusions: Among pregnant women, adherence to a dietary pattern characterized by an intake of poultry, nuts, cheese, and whole grains was associated with greater GWG but not maternal fasting glucose or newborn adiposity. Adherence to a pattern characterized by an intake of eggs, starchy vegetables, and nonwhole grains was associated with higher maternal fasting glucose and greater newborn adiposity. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy may influence newborn body composition.

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Frequent use of psychiatric hospitalization for low-income, inner-city ethnic minority youth.

Psychological Services ◽

10.1037/a0019923 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 162-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Aaron R. Lapointe ◽

Celia Garcia ◽

Alexis L. Taubert ◽

Marion G. Sleet

Keyword(s):

Inner City ◽

Ethnic Minority ◽

Low Income ◽

Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽

Minority Youth ◽

Ethnic Minority Youth ◽

Frequent Use

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Dietary Patterns of Caribbean/Central American and US Born Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in an Inner-City Setting (P04-110-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz051.p04-110-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Clara Wilson ◽

Georgiana Yang ◽

Katerina Lembrikova ◽

Jonathan Leong ◽

Sarah Leventer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inner City ◽

Low Income ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Fast Food ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Central American ◽

Grocery Stores ◽

Dietary Counseling ◽

Fresh Vegetables

Abstract Objectives Adherence to the dietary restrictions imposed by CKD may be impacted by cultural dietary patterns. Understanding dietary patterns of specific groups can better guide nutrition and dietary counseling among immigrant populations. Methods A random sample of 86 patients from an inner-city CKD (35), dialysis (22) and transplant clinic (29) were surveyed. Nutrient intake from 24-hour food recall was analyzed using ASA24 software and used to calculate the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Nutrition literacy was assessed via the Newest Vital Signs toolkit. Food frequencies for Caribbean diet staples were hand scored. Results 54 (63%) patients identified as Caribbean/Central American (CARIB) and 32 (37%) pts US born (US). There was no difference in age (64.5 ± 13.7 CARIB vs 58.9 ± 14.8 US) or gender (F/M 27/27 CARIB, 22/10 US). More CARIB had income < $20 K (50% vs 28%, P = 0.029). Mean time in the US was 34.1 ± 15.2 yrs. CARIB had lower nutritional literacy (1.34 ± 1.6 vs 3.0 ± 1.9, P < 0.001), but better HEI (60.7 ± 12.9 vs 53.8 ± 9.1) and were more likely to report small local specialty/ethnic grocery stores (89% vs 60%, P = 0.015) and available fresh produce (96% vs 63%, P = 0.002). CARIB had significantly lower intake of foods like spaghetti, pizza, pasta (4%) vs US (20.7%) (P = 0.018), greater consumption of whole grains (1.55 ± 0.25 vs. 0.758 ± 0.24 P = 0.023), and lower intake of cheese (0.162 ± 0.058 vs. 0.415 ± 0.11 P = 0.032) but no differences in cereal, other meats, total vegetables, total fruits, takeout/fast food, American brand snacks, drinks, or desserts. CARIB consumed significantly different sources of legumes (P = 0.040 by Chi square), seafood, including salt fish (6%), vegetables, including cassava (2%), green banana/plantain (6%), callaloo (4%), and meats including jerk chicken (2%), mutton/cow foot/chicken stew (8%) and oxtail (6%). Conclusions In our inner-City population: 1. CARIB had lower nutritional literacy but higher HEI score. 2. CARIB were more likely to report small ethnic grocery stores and better access to healthy food, although they were more likely to report low income. 3. There were significant differences in nutrient sources including (legumes), whole grains and dairy. 3. CARIB incorporated Caribbean staples into their diet, including fish dishes and fresh vegetables. 4. Cultural background should be considered when counseling even in long-term immigrants with CKD. Funding Sources none.

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Snacking characteristics and patterns and their associations with diet quality and BMI in the Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research Consortium

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019000958 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (17) ◽

pp. 3189-3199 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Madison N LeCroy ◽

Kimberly P Truesdale ◽

Donna M Matheson ◽

Sharon M Karp ◽

Shirley M Moore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Obesity Prevention ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Low Income ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Childhood Obesity Prevention ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Treatment Research ◽

The Impact

AbstractObjective:To describe snacking characteristics and patterns in children and examine associations with diet quality and BMI.Design:Children’s weight and height were measured. Participants/adult proxies completed multiple 24 h dietary recalls. Snack occasions were self-identified. Snack patterns were derived for each sample using exploratory factor analysis. Associations of snacking characteristics and patterns with Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) score and BMI were examined using multivariable linear regression models.Setting:Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) Consortium, USA: NET-Works, GROW, GOALS and IMPACT studies.Participants:Predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic minorities: NET-Works (n 534, 2–4-year-olds); GROW (n 610, 3–5-year-olds); GOALS (n 241, 7–11-year-olds); IMPACT (n 360, 10–13-year-olds).Results:Two snack patterns were derived for three studies: a meal-like pattern and a beverage pattern. The IMPACT study had a similar meal-like pattern and a dairy/grains pattern. A positive association was observed between meal-like pattern adherence and HEI-2010 score (P for trend < 0⋅01) and snack occasion frequency and HEI-2010 score (β coefficient (95 % CI): NET-Works, 0⋅14 (0⋅04, 0⋅23); GROW, 0⋅12 (0⋅02, 0⋅21)) among younger children. A preference for snacking while using a screen was inversely associated with HEI-2010 score in all studies except IMPACT (β coefficient (95 % CI): NET-Works, −3⋅15 (−5⋅37, −0⋅92); GROW, −2⋅44 (−4⋅27, −0⋅61); GOALS, −5⋅80 (−8⋅74, −2⋅86)). Associations with BMI were almost all null.Conclusions:Meal-like and beverage patterns described most children’s snack intake, although patterns for non-Hispanic Blacks or adolescents may differ. Diets of 2–5-year-olds may benefit from frequent meal-like pattern snack consumption and diets of all children may benefit from decreasing screen use during eating occasions.

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Age at menarche and diet among adolescents in slums of Nashik, India

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2014-0056 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 451-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sushama Khopkar ◽

Sangita Kulathinal ◽

Suvi M. Virtanen ◽

Minna Säävälä

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Positive Association ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Western India ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background and aim: The role of dietary patterns in determining age at menarche is insufficiently understood in low-income countries. The relationship between dietary patterns, particularly the consumption of oil, and age at menarche in a slum-dwelling adolescent population in India is examined. Methods: Data were derived from a cross-sectional baseline survey and anthropometric measurements among 10- to 19-year-old adolescents (n=545, female respondents 272, of whom 160 were post-menarcheal) and a household survey in two slums in the city of Nashik, Western India. By using mixed effects linear regression models, the association between age at menarche and household-wise use of sources of animal protein and oil and fat is examined. Results: Age at menarche (mean 13.7 years) in the slums studied was relatively high according to Indian standards. Age at menarche and the consumption of dairy products, meat, fish and eggs were not associated. The household per capita consumption of vegetable oil had an inverse association with a girl’s age at menarche, and there was an indication of a positive association between use of ghee (clarified butter) and age at menarche. These associations did not disappear when controlling for anthropometric status and socio-economic characteristics. Conclusion: Intake of fats and foods that are important sources of protein among underprivileged households in India is low and reflected in the relatively late age at menarche. The potential differences in the association between various types of fatty acids, energy intake and age at menarche in conditions of undernutrition requires further prospective study.

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Fast-food menu offerings vary in dietary quality, but are consistently poor

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012005563 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 924-931 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Sharon I Kirkpatrick ◽

Jill Reedy ◽

Lisa L Kahle ◽

Jennifer L Harris ◽

Punam Ohri-Vachaspati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Fast Food ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Food Chains ◽

Added Sugars ◽

The Usa ◽

Fast Food Restaurants

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate five popular fast-food chains’ menus in relation to dietary guidance.DesignMenus posted on chains’ websites were coded using the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies and MyPyramid Equivalents Database to enable Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) scores to be assigned. Dollar or value and kids’ menus and sets of items promoted as healthy or nutritious were also assessed.SettingFive popular fast-food chains in the USA.SubjectsNot applicable.ResultsFull menus scored lower than 50 out of 100 possible points on the HEI-2005. Scores for Total Fruit, Whole Grains and Sodium were particularly dismal. Compared with full menus, scores on dollar or value menus were 3 points higher on average, whereas kids’ menus scored 10 points higher on average. Three chains marketed subsets of items as healthy or nutritious; these scored 17 points higher on average compared with the full menus. No menu or subset of menu items received a score higher than 72 out of 100 points.ConclusionsThe poor quality of fast-food menus is a concern in light of increasing away-from-home eating, aggressive marketing to children and minorities, and the tendency for fast-food restaurants to be located in low-income and minority areas. The addition of fruits, vegetables and legumes; replacement of refined with whole grains; and reformulation of offerings high in sodium, solid fats and added sugars are potential strategies to improve fast-food offerings. The HEI may be a useful metric for ongoing monitoring of fast-food menus.

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Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively associated with both healthy and western dietary pattern in Iranian middle-aged

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000685 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Hossein Shahinfar ◽

Farhang Djafari ◽

Nadia Babaei ◽

Samira Davarzani ◽

Mojdeh Ebaditabar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Principal Component ◽

Total Sample ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Western Dietary Pattern ◽

Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Background: The association between dietary patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is not well established. Objective: We sought to investigate association between a posteriori dietary pattern and CRF in middle-aged adults. Design: Adults (n = 276), aged 20–74 years, who were residents of Tehran, Iran were recruited. Diet was assessed by using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. Socio-economic status, anthropometric measures, body composition, and blood pressure were recorded. CRF was assessed by using a graded exercise treadmill test. Analysis of variance and linear regression models were used to discern the association between dietary patterns and CRF. Results: Higher scores of the healthy dietary pattern had no association with VO2max (p = 0.13 ). After controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated across tertiles of healthy dietary patterns (p < 0.001). Higher adherence to the “mixed” dietary pattern was inversely related to VO2max (p < 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, the significant association disappeared (p = 0.14). Higher scores of the “Western” dietary pattern was not associated with VO2max (p = 0.06). However, after controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated with the “Western” dietary pattern (p = 0.01). A positive linear association between the “healthy” dietary pattern and CRF for the total sample (R2 = 0.02; p < 0.01) were presented. Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that higher adherence to a “healthy” and “Western” dietary pattern was positively associated with CRF. However, further studies are required to examine and clarify the causal relationship between dietary patterns and CRF.

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