Eating breakfast together as a family: mealtime experiences and associations with dietary intake among adolescents in rural Minnesota, USA

AbstractObjectiveAlthough existing evidence links breakfast frequency to better dietary quality, little is known specifically in regard to the benefits associated with eating breakfast together with one’s family. The present study describes the prevalence and experience of having family meals at breakfast among rural families and examines associations between meal frequency and adolescent diet quality.DesignData were drawn from Project BreakFAST, a group-randomized trial aimed at increasing school breakfast participation in rural Minnesota high schools, USA. Linear mixed models were used to examine associations between student reports of family breakfast frequency and Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) scores while accounting for clustering within schools, demographics and household food security.SettingAdolescent students from sixteen schools completed online surveys, height and weight measurements, and dietary recalls at baseline in 2012–2014.SubjectsThe sample included 827 adolescents (55·1 % girls) in grades 9–10 who reported eating breakfast on at most three days per school week.ResultsOn average, adolescents reported eating breakfast with their family 1·3 (sd1·9) times in the past week. Family breakfast meals occurred most frequently in the homes of adolescents who reported a race other than white (P=0·002) or Hispanic ethnicity (P=0·02). Family breakfast frequency was directly associated with adolescent involvement in preparing breakfast meals (P<0·001) and positive attitudes (P≤0·01) about mealtime importance, interactions and structure. Family breakfast frequency was unrelated to most diet quality markers.ConclusionsFamily meals may be one important context of opportunity for promoting healthy food patterns at breakfast. Additional research is needed to better inform and evaluate strategies.

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Abstract P108: Metabolic Profile Of Diet Quality In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.p108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Meghana Gadgil ◽

Alexis F Wood ◽

Ibrahim Karaman ◽

Goncalo Gomes Da Graca ◽

Ioanna Tzoulaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Spectral Feature ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Elastic Net ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Spectral Features ◽

Ethnic Study ◽

Diet Score

Introduction: Poor dietary quality is a well-known risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), however metabolites marking adherence to U.S. dietary guidelines are unknown. Our goal was to determine a pattern of metabolites associated with the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). We hypothesize that there will be metabolites positively and negatively associated with the HEI-2015 score, including those previously linked to diabetes and CVD. Methods: Sample: 2269 adult men and women from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) longitudinal cohort study without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Data/specimens: Fasting serum specimens, diet and demographic questionnaires at baseline. Metabolomics: Untargeted 1 H NMR CPMG spectroscopy (600 MHz) annotated by internal and external reference data sets. Statistical analysis: Metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) using linear regression models specifying each spectral feature as the outcome in separate models, HEI-2015 score as the predictor, and adjustment for age, sex, race, and study site, accounting for multiple comparisons. Elastic net regularized regression was used to select an optimal subset of features associated with HEI-2015 score. Separately, hierarchical clustering defined discrete groups of correlated NMR features also tested for association with HEI-2015 score. Results: MWAS identified 1914 spectral features significantly associated with the HEI-2015 diet score. After elastic net regression, 35 metabolomic spectral features remained associated with HEI-2015 diet score. Cluster analysis identified seven clusters, three of which were significantly associated with HEI-2015 score after Bonferroni correction. (Table) Conclusions: Cholesterol moieties, proline betaine, proline/glutamate and fatty acyls chains were significantly associated with higher diet quality in the MESA cohort. Further analysis may clarify the link between dietary quality, metabolites, and pathogenesis of diabetes and CVD.

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The Relationship Between the Frequency of Meals Consumed Away-From-Home on the Total Diet Quality and Weight Status

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_099 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 248-248

Author(s):

Ana Moyeda Carabaza ◽

Phrashiah Githinji ◽

Bong Nguyen ◽

Mary Murimi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Trans Fatty Acids ◽

Weight Status ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Saturated Fats ◽

Total Diet

Abstract Objectives To assess factors that contribute to the total diet quality and the associated body mass index (BMI) among adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess dietary quality using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 among faculty and staff (N = 152) of a public university. The Food Frequency Questionnaire from the Health and Retirement Study was administered via Qualtrics. Dietary quality was determined using the HEI-2015. Weight, height, number of meals consumed away-from-home per week were self-reported. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic characteristics, number of meals consumed away-from-home, dietary intake, and associated HEI score was calculated. Linear regression models were used to measure associations between the total diet quality, nutrient intakes and the number of away-from-home meals consumed with BMI. Results The average age of participants was 34.3 ± 12.3 years. A majority were female and white Americans (74.3%) and had post-secondary education (79.6%). Approximately, one-third of participants (32.2%) reported having a BMI equal or greater than 30 kg/m2. More than half of the participants exceeded the recommended limit for the consumption of saturated fats (69.7%), and sodium (52.6%); and a majority did not meet the minimum recommended intakes of dietary fiber (96.1%). The average HEI score was 66.34 on a 100-point scale. Only 14.5% had a good dietary quality with a HEI score equal or higher than 80. The number of away-from-home meals consumed per week were associated with an increased intake of trans fatty acids (P < .05), while, increased the consumption of trans fatty acids was associated with an increase in BMI (P < .001) in this study. On the contrary, an increase in the HEI score was associated with a reduction in BMI (P < .05). Conclusions This study found that a high percentage of participants had a low diet quality that was characterized by excessive intake of both saturated fats and sodium and inadequate intake of dietary fiber. In addition, the consumption of meals away-from-home was associated with an increase in the amount of trans fatty acids consumed. Concurrently, the consumption of trans fatty acids was associated with an increase in BMI. These results underscore the importance of eating meals prepared at home in an effort to control weight gain. Funding Sources TTU Transdisciplinary Research Academy.

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Pre-Pregnancy BMI Influences the Association of Dietary Quality and Gestational Weight Gain: The SECOST Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16193735 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (19) ◽

pp. 3735 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Heng Yaw Yong ◽

Zalilah Mohd Shariff ◽

Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof ◽

Zulida Rejali ◽

Yvonne Yee Siang Tee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Obese Women ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Measured Weight ◽

The Difference

Poor diet quality in pregnancy could impact gestational weight gain (GWG) and consequently fetal growth and development. But today there is limited data available on gestational diet quality. This study investigated the association between diet quality in each pregnancy trimester and GWG in Malaysian women. Diet quality was assessed using the modified Healthy Eating Index for Malaysians (HEI). Total GWG was defined as the difference between measured weight at last prenatal visit and pre-pregnancy weight. About one-fourth of women (23.3%) had excessive total GWG. There were significant differences in the HEI component score across trimesters, except for fruits. Overall, overweight/obese women had lower total HEI score (51.49–55.40) during pregnancy compared to non-overweight/obese women (53.38–56.50). For non-overweight/obese women, higher total HEI scores in the second and third trimesters were significantly associated with lower risk of inadequate GWG (aOR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95–0.99, p = 0.01) and higher risk of excessive GWG (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07, p = 0.03), respectively. Overweight/obese women with higher total HEI scores in the second (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07, p = 0.02) and third trimester (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.08, p = 0.02) were significantly at higher risk for excessive GWG. Pregnant women had relatively low diet quality throughout pregnancy. Diet quality and GWG association differed according to pre-pregnancy BMI with excessive GWG more likely to be associated with higher total HEI scores in the third trimester.

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Nutrient Intake and Dietary Quality Among Children and Adolescents by Fast Food Consumption Status: What We Eat in America, NHANES 2013–2016

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 235-235

Author(s):

Carrie Martin ◽

M Katherine Hoy ◽

Theophile Murayi ◽

Alanna Moshfegh

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Fast Food ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Polyunsaturated Fat ◽

Monounsaturated Fat ◽

Nutrient Intakes

Abstract Objectives To categorize children and adolescents by frequency of fast food (FF) consumption and compare intakes of energy, nutrients, and dietary quality among those with and without intake of fast food. Methods One day of dietary intake data from What We Eat in America, NHANES 2013–2016 were analyzed. The sample included children and adolescents age 2–5 y (N = 1152), 6–11 y (N = 1804), and 12–19 y (N = 2072). FF consumption on intake day included at least one reported food or beverage with the source indicated as “restaurant fast food/pizza”. Based on self-reported frequency of FF consumption in the previous seven days, participants were categorized as: Infrequent (0 times) (IFF), frequent (1 + times) without report of FF source (FF-NC) or frequent (1 + times) with report of FF source (FF-C) on the intake day. Differences between groups in energy, nutrient intake, and diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015, were assessed using T-tests in a multiple regression adjusting for confounders. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.001. Results There were no significant differences in energy or nutrient intakes by FF status among children 2–5 y. However, their total HEI scores (of possible 100) were higher in IFF (57) and FF-NC (54) vs FF-C (50); subcomponent scores of IFF were higher than FF-C and FF-NC for Refined Grains, and higher for Whole Fruit and Total Protein Foods than FF-C. Among children 6–11 y, IFF had lower intake of polyunsaturated fat and higher intake of vitamin D than FF-C, but no differences in HEI scores. Among adolescents, IFF and FF-NC had lower intakes of energy, carbohydrate, total fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and sodium than FF-C and total HEI scores were higher in IFF (51) and FF-NC (49) vs FF-C (45). Subcomponent scores of IFF were higher for Total and Whole Fruit, Whole Grains, and Added Sugars than FF-C and higher for Total Fruit in FF-NC vs FF-C. There were no differences in nutrient intake or diet quality between IFF and FF-NC in any age group. Conclusions Differences in nutrient intakes and diet quality by FF consumption status varied among children and adolescents. These differences highlight the need to tailor nutrition education and messaging by age. Funding Sources U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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Dietary quality differs among cannabis use groups: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–16

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020001846 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Amy R Gelfand ◽

Christy C Tangney

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

National Health ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Adult Participants

Abstract Objective: To describe diet quality (Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) and Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015)) according to self-reported cannabis use among the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) adult participants. Design: Utilizing cross-sectional data, we assessed diet quality with up to two 24-h diet recalls from NHANES participants. Usual intakes were estimated via the multivariate Markov Chain–Monte Carlo method. Diet quality scores were compared among never users, previous users and current users of cannabis. Setting: NHANES surveys from 2005 to 2016. Participants: Adult NHANES participants (17 855) aged 20–59 years with valid data for dietary recalls and drug use questionnaires. Results: Current adult cannabis users (ages 20–59 years) had significantly lower total diet quality (HEI-2010) scores (51·8 ± 0·7) compared with previous (56·2 ± 0·4) and never users (57·7 ± 0·4). Similar differences in total and individual HEI-2015 scores were observed. For the HEI-2015 scores, cannabis users had a significantly higher (better) sodium scores (4·1 ± 0·2) compared with never users (3·3 ± 0·1) and previous users (3·2 ± 0·1). Cannabis users scored lower compared with never users on total vegetables (3·1 ± 0·1 v. 3·7 ± 0·0), total fruit (2·1 ± 0·1 v. 3·0 ± 0·1) and whole fruit (2·2 ± 0·1 v. 3·3 ± 0·1) for the HEI-2015 index. Conclusions: Current cannabis users’ usual intakes reflect lower diet quality compared with never or previous users, particularly lower subcomponent scores of total vegetables, greens and beans, total fruit and whole fruit. Cannabis users should increase their intake of fruit and vegetables to improve overall diet quality.

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Association between dietary quality and growth of the aboriginal primary school children in Negeri Sembilan

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-04-2021-0350 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Silambarasi Kuralneethi ◽

Sharifah Intan Zainun Sharif Ishak ◽

Vaidehi Ulaganathan

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Content Type ◽

Aboriginal Children

PurposeThis study aims to determine the association between dietary quality and growth of the aboriginal primary school children in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThe cross-sectional study was carried out in Negeri Sembilan. A total of 194 school-aged aboriginal children participated in the study. The dietary intake and socioeconomic status data were collected from the parents using an interviewer-administrated structured questionnaire comprised of sociodemographic questions and three days of dietary recall. The Malaysian Healthy Eating Index was used to determine the diet quality of children. WHO Anthro Plus software was used to determine the z-score of weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ) and body mass index (BMI)-for-age (BAZ).FindingsAmong all children, 15, 9 and 5% of them were stunted, underweight and thin, respectively. On the other hand, 16 and 12% of the children were overweight and obese, respectively. The aboriginal children were at risk of poor diet quality (37.19 ± 12.07) and had high dietary protein and fat intake than national recommended nutrient intake. The children achieved micronutrients intake, except for calcium. There was no significant association between total diet quality scores with growth indices among the aboriginal children. There is significant negative correlation between dietary vitamin A intake with HAZ (r = −0.168, p < 0.05) and WAZ (r = −0.219, p < 0.05) z-score of the aboriginal children.Originality/valueAlthough there was a reduction in under-nutrition among the aborigines, an increasing over-nutrition status among aborigines should be considered, especially in terms of poor dietary quality and intake.

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Diet quality in a sample of adults from Cuiabá (MT), Brazil: association with sociodemographic factors

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/s1415-52732013000400005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 431-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anarlete da Silva Loureiro ◽

Regina Maria Veras Gonçalves da Silva ◽

Paulo Rogério Melo Rodrigues ◽

Rosângela Alves Pereira ◽

Loiva Lide Wendpap ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Poisson Regression ◽

Formal Education ◽

Household Head ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mato Grosso

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the dietary quality of adults and to identify associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out in a sample of adults (n=195), aged 20-50 years, of both genders, from a population-based study in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Food consumption data was collected by a food frequency questionnaire. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and body composition data were also collected. Diet quality was analyzed by the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised. The associations were estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: The mean Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised score was 75.2 points (CI95%=74.2-76.1), which differed significantly between the genders (p=0.03). Women had higher scores for whole fruit and sodium (p<0.01), while men had higher scores for oils, nuts, and fish fat (p=0.02). Individuals aged >30 years had higher total Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised score and higher scores for the groups whole fruit; saturated fat; and calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages, and added sugar (p<0.01). The Poisson regression between high Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised and the independent variables showed that high Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised was associated with being female, being aged 30 years or more, and being from families whose household head had 8 or more years of formal education. CONCLUSION: The factors associated with high Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised were age, gender, and education level of the household head.

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Diet quality among Iranian adolescents needs improvement

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980014000767 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 615-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Leila Azadbakht ◽

Fahime Akbari ◽

Ahmad Esmaillzadeh

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Quality Indices ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutrient Adequacy ◽

Mean Adequacy Ratio ◽

Systematic Cluster

AbstractObjectiveDiet in adolescence is important not only because of adolescents’ rapid growth but also due to its influence on future chronic diseases. On the other hand, dietary quality indices are noteworthy and useful approaches to evaluate dietary intakes. Thus the present study was conducted to assess dietary quality indices in adolescents.DesignCross-sectional.SettingsThe data were collected from schools in Isfahan, Iran.SubjectsFemale students (n 265) aged 11–13 years were enrolled using systematic cluster-random sampling in Isfahan (Iran). Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated FFQ. Diet quality indices including dietary diversity score (DDS), the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) across ten nutrients were calculated.ResultsMean DDS, HEI score and MAR were 6·15 (sd 1·61) out of 10 points, 63·90 (sd 19·86) out of 100 points and 1·32 (sd 0·61), respectively. Mean nutrient adequacy ratio of all nutrients was above 1 except for vitamin D (0·53 (sd 0·51)). Those in the highest tertile of DDS had the most favourable anthropometric variables in comparison to the lowest tertile. There were no significant associations between HEI score and BMI, central or abdominal obesity and blood pressure. Those in the highest tertile of MAR had higher BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference.ConclusionsDiet quality of Isfahani adolescents needs improvement. It may imply the necessity of implementing nutritional instructive policies in this age group and their parents.

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Diet quality on meatless days: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007–2012

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898001700026x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 1564-1573 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Zach Conrad ◽

Micaela Karlsen ◽

Kenneth Chui ◽

Lisa Jahns

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

National Health ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Game Birds

AbstractObjectiveTo compare diet quality scores between adult non-meat eaters and meat eaters, and to compare the consumption of diet components across quintiles of diet quality.DesignCross-sectional analysis. The Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) were used to assess mean diet quality. Differences in consumption of diet components between quintiles of diet quality were tested usingpost hocWald tests andztests.SettingThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007–2012.SubjectsThe sample consisted of 16810 respondents aged≥18 years, including 280 individuals who reported not consuming meat, poultry, game birds or seafood on two non-consecutive days of dietary recall. Dietary data were obtained from one dietary recall per individual.ResultsNon-meat eaters had substantially greater HEI-2010 and AHEI-2010 scores than meat eaters (P<0·05). Among non-meat eaters, mean consumption across HEI-2010 quintiles demonstrated different (P<0·05) amounts of empty calories and unsaturated:saturated fatty acids. Mean consumption across AHEI-2010 quintiles demonstrated different (P<0·05) amounts of nuts and legumes, vegetables and PUFA.ConclusionsPublic health messages targeted at vegetarians and others who may choose to eat meat-free on certain days should emphasize decreased consumption of empty calories, and increased consumption of nuts and legumes, PUFA and vegetables, as a way to improve overall dietary quality.

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Dietary inflammatory index and healthy eating index-2015 are associated with rheumatoid arthritis

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021001105 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Sajedeh Jandari ◽

Negin Mosalmanzadeh ◽

Mohammad Reza Shadmand Foumani Moghadam ◽

Davood Soleimani ◽

Nitin Shivappa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Inflammatory Index

ABSTRACT Objective: Many arthritic patients have the belief that dietary habits can worsen or ameliorate their symptoms. Whether diet quality can modify the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an issue of continued scientific debate and interest. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between both overall diet quality and the overall diet inflammatory potential on the risk of RA. Design: Overall diet quality and the overall inflammatory potential of the diet were evaluated with the use of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, respectively. Both DII and HEI-2015 scores were calculated based on a validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariable-adjusted odds of RA were calculated across tertiles of HEI, and Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores using binary logistic regression. Setting: Mashhad, Iran Participants: 50 newly diagnosed RA cases and 100 well-matched healthy people controls. Results: Individuals in the highest tertile of DII scores, indicating the most pro-inflammatory diet, were about three times more likely to have RA than those in the lowest tertile (Odds Ratio: 2.99; 95%CI: 1.08 to 8.24; P-trend:0.037), whereas individuals in the highest tertile of HEI scores, indicating more top dietary quality, had a significantly lower odds of RA than those in the lowest tertile (Odds Ratio: 0.33; 95%CI: 0.12 to 0.87; P-trend:0.024). Conclusion: Our findings show that E-DII and HEI-2015 are positively and negatively associated, respectively, with the odds of RA in a convenience sample of Iranians. These results highlight the importance of overall diet quality in modulating the risk of RA.

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