scholarly journals Coffee consumption and mortality in three Eastern European countries: results from the HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe) study

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Grosso ◽  
Urszula Stepaniak ◽  
Agnieszka Micek ◽  
Denes Stefler ◽  
Martin Bobak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Intake

AbstractObjectiveTo test the association between coffee consumption and risk of all-cause, CVD and cancer death in a European cohort.DesignProspective cohort study. Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for potential confounders to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI were used.SettingCzech Republic, Russia and Poland.SubjectsA total of 28561 individuals followed for 6·1 years.ResultsA total of 2121 deaths (43·1 % CVD and 35·7 % cancer mortality) occurred during the follow-up. Consumption of 3–4 cups coffee/d was associated with lower mortality risk in men (HR=0·83; 95 % CI 0·71, 0·99) and women (HR=0·63; 95 % CI 0·47, 0·84), while further intake showed non-significant reduced risk estimates (HR=0·71; 95 % CI 0·49, 1·04 and HR=0·51; 95 % CI 0·24, 1·10 in men and women, respectively). Decreased risk of CVD mortality was also found in men (HR=0·71; 95 % CI 0·54, 0·93) for consumption of 3–4 cups coffee/d. Stratified analysis revealed that consumption of a similar amount of coffee was associated with decreased risk of all-cause (HR=0·61; 95 % CI 0·43, 0·87) and cancer mortality (HR=0·59; 95 % CI 0·35, 0·99) in non-smoking women and decreased risk of all-cause mortality for >4 cups coffee/d in men with no/moderate alcohol intake.ConclusionsCoffee consumption was associated with decreased risk of mortality. The protective effect was even stronger when stratification by smoking status and alcohol intake was performed.

scholarly journals Pre-diagnosis neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mortality in individuals who develop lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Grieshober ◽  
Stefan Graw ◽  
Matt J. Barnett ◽  
Gary E. Goodman ◽  
Chu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Inflammatory Profile ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Abstract Purpose The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of systemic inflammation that has been reported to be associated with survival after chronic disease diagnoses, including lung cancer. We hypothesized that the inflammatory profile reflected by pre-diagnosis NLR, rather than the well-studied pre-treatment NLR at diagnosis, may be associated with increased mortality after lung cancer is diagnosed in high-risk heavy smokers. Methods We examined associations between pre-diagnosis methylation-derived NLR (mdNLR) and lung cancer-specific and all-cause mortality in 279 non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) and 81 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cases from the β-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET). Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, pack years, and time between blood draw and diagnosis, and stratified by stage of disease. Models were run separately by histotype. Results Among SCLC cases, those with pre-diagnosis mdNLR in the highest quartile had 2.5-fold increased mortality compared to those in the lowest quartile. For each unit increase in pre-diagnosis mdNLR, we observed 22–23% increased mortality (SCLC-specific hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02, 1.48; all-cause HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.01, 1.46). SCLC associations were strongest for current smokers at blood draw (Interaction Ps = 0.03). Increasing mdNLR was not associated with mortality among NSCLC overall, nor within adenocarcinoma (N = 148) or squamous cell carcinoma (N = 115) case groups. Conclusion Our findings suggest that increased mdNLR, representing a systemic inflammatory profile on average 4.5 years before a SCLC diagnosis, may be associated with mortality in heavy smokers who go on to develop SCLC but not NSCLC.

scholarly journals Dietary selenium intake and mortality in two population-based cohort studies of 133 957 Chinese men and women

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 2991-2998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang-Wei Sun ◽  
Xiao-Ou Shu ◽  
Hong-Lan Li ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the potential influence of dietary Se intake on mortality among Chinese populations.DesignWe prospectively evaluated all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality risks associated with dietary Se intake in participants of the Shanghai Women’s Health Study (SWHS) and the Shanghai Men’s Health study (SMHS). Dietary Se intake was assessed by validated FFQ during in-person interviews. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI.SettingUrban city in China.SubjectsChinese adults (n 133 957).ResultsDuring an average follow-up of 13·90 years in the SWHS and 8·37 years in the SMHS, 5749 women and 4217 men died. The mean estimated dietary Se intake was 45·48 μg/d for women and 51·34 μg/d for men, respectively. Dietary Se intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and CVD mortality in both women and men, with respective HR for the highest compared with the lowest quintile being 0·79 (95 % CI 0·71, 0·88; Ptrend<0·0001) and 0·80 (95 % CI 0·66, 0·98; Ptrend=0·0268) for women, and 0·79 (95 % CI 0·70, 0·89; Ptrend=0·0001) and 0·66 (95 % CI 0·54, 0·82; Ptrend=0·0002) for men. No significant associations were observed for cancer mortality in both women and men. Results were similar in subgroup and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsDietary Se intake was inversely associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in both sexes, but not cancer mortality.

scholarly journals Association between vitamin K1 intake and mortality in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire R. Palmer ◽  
Jamie W. Bellinge ◽  
Frederik Dalgaard ◽  
Marc Sim ◽  
Kevin Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Related Mortality

AbstractReported associations between vitamin K1 and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality are conflicting. The 56,048 participants from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health prospective cohort study, with a median [IQR] age of 56 [52–60] years at entry and of whom 47.6% male, were followed for 23 years, with 14,083 reported deaths. Of these, 5015 deaths were CVD-related, and 6342 deaths were cancer-related. Intake of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) was estimated from a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and its relationship with mortality outcomes was investigated using Cox proportional hazards models. A moderate to high (87–192 µg/d) intake of vitamin K1 was associated with a lower risk of all-cause [HR (95%CI) for quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.76 (0.72, 0.79)], cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related [quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.72 (0.66, 0.79)], and cancer-related mortality [quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.80 (0.75, 0.86)], after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle confounders. The association between vitamin K1 intake and cardiovascular disease-related mortality was present in all subpopulations (categorised according to sex, smoking status, diabetes status, and hypertension status), while the association with cancer-related mortality was only present in current/former smokers (p for interaction = 0.002). These findings suggest that promoting adequate intakes of foods rich in vitamin K1 may help to reduce all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality at the population level.

Glucosamine use, smoking and risk of incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A large prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Xi-Ru Zhang ◽  
Pei-Dong Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Hao Li ◽  
Pei Yang ◽  
Xiao-Meng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Large Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Chronic inflammation exerts pleiotropic effects in the etiology and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Glucosamine is widely used in many countries and may have anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association of regular glucosamine use with incident COPD risk and explore whether such association could be modified by smoking in the UK Biobank cohort, which recruited more than half a million participants aged 40–69 years from across the UK between 2006 and 2010. Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for potential confounding factors were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) as well as 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the risk of incident COPD. During a median follow-up of 8.96 years (interquartile range 8.29 to 9.53 years), 9016 new-onset events of COPD were documented. We found that regular use of glucosamine was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident COPD with multivariable adjusted HR of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.85; P<0.001). When subgroup analyses were performed by smoking status, the adjusted HRs for the association of regular glucosamine use with incident COPD were 0.84 (0.73 to 0.96), 0.84 (0.77 to 0.92), and 0.71 (0.62 to 0.80) among never smokers, former smokers and current smokers, respectively. No significant interaction was observed between glucosamine use and smoking status (P for interaction=0.078). Incident COPD could be reduced by 14% to 84% through a combination of regular glucosamine use and smoking cessation

scholarly journals Association of Urinary Cadmium with Cancer Mortality Is Influenced by Zinc Intake in Follow-up Study of NHANES 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 (P18-026-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kijoon Kim ◽  
Melissa Melough ◽  
Junichi Sakaki ◽  
Hwayoung Noh ◽  
Sung Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Objectives Exposure to cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, increases risk of numerous chronic diseases and overall mortality. However, little work has been conducted to examine the effect of Zn intake on the association between Cd burden and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine whether the association between urinary Cd concentration and all-cause and disease specific mortality differs by Zn intake level among a representative sample of the US adult population. Methods A total of 15,642 US adults aged 30 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 were followed up through December 31, 2011. Participants’ Zn intake was assessed through 24-hour dietary recalls. The main outcomes included mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and all causes. Using Cox proportional hazards models, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for quartiles of urinary Cd, quartiles of dietary Zn, and for quartiles of urinary Cd stratified by level of dietary Zn. Results Of 5367 total deaths that occurred over a mean follow-up of 15 years, 1194 were attributed to cancer and 1677 were attributed to CVD. After adjustment for potential confounders, positive relationships were observed between urinary Cd and all-cause mortality (HR for highest vs. lowest quartile (Q4 vs. Q1): 1.38; 95% CI: 1.14–1.68; P-trend < 0.0001) and cancer mortality (HR for Q4 vs. Q1: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.05–2.27; P-trend < 0.005), but not CVD mortality (HR for Q4 vs. Q1: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.95–1.57; P-trend = 0.0502). Negative associations were observed between dietary Zn and all-cause mortality (HR for Q4 vs. Q1: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.75–1.02; P-trend < 0.05) and cancer mortality (HR for Q4 vs. Q1: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.65–1.03, P-trend < 0.05). Among the lowest tertile of Zn consumers, there was a clear positive association between urinary Cd and cancer mortality (HR for Q4 vs. Q1: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.07–3.01), however, among the highest Zn consumers, this association was somewhat diminished (HR for Q4 vs. Q1: 1.66; 95% CI: 0.80–3.41). Conclusions These findings support existing evidence that Cd burden is associated with greater mortality, and also demonstrate that greater Zn consumption is associated with reduced risk of cancer death related to Cd. Funding Sources This study received no financial support.

scholarly journals Exposure–response assessment of cancer mortality in styrene-exposed boatbuilders

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 706-712
Author(s):  
Robert Douglas Daniels ◽  
Stephen J Bertke
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Profile Likelihood ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Exposure Response ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Actuarial Methods ◽  
Styrene Exposure ◽  
Exposure Levels

ObjectivesTo improve exposure estimates and reexamine exposure–response relationships between cumulative styrene exposure and cancer mortality in a previously studied cohort of US boatbuilders exposed between 1959 and 1978 and followed through 2016.MethodsCumulative styrene exposure was estimated from work assignments and air-sampling data. Exposure–response relationships between styrene and select cancers were examined in Cox proportional hazards models matched on attained age, sex, race, birth cohort and employment duration. Models adjusted for socioeconomic status (SES). Exposures were lagged 10 years or by a period maximising the likelihood. HRs included 95% profile-likelihood CIs. Actuarial methods were used to estimate the styrene exposure corresponding to 10-4 extra lifetime risk.ResultsThe cohort (n= 5163) contributed 201 951 person-years. Exposures were right-skewed, with mean and median of 31 and 5.7 ppm-years, respectively. Positive, monotonic exposure–response associations were evident for leukaemia (HR at 50 ppm-years styrene = 1.46; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.97) and bladder cancer (HR at 50 ppm-years styrene =1.64; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.33). There was no evidence of confounding by SES. A working lifetime exposure to 0.05 ppm styrene corresponded to one extra leukaemia death per 10 000 workers.ConclusionsThe study contributes evidence of exposure–response associations between cumulative styrene exposure and cancer. Simple risk projections at current exposure levels indicate a need for formal risk assessment. Future recommendations on worker protection would benefit from additional research clarifying cancer risks from styrene exposure.

scholarly journals Plasma Vitamin C and Cancer Mortality in Kidney Transplant Recipients

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás A. Gacitúa ◽  
Camilo G. Sotomayor ◽  
Dion Groothof ◽  
Michele F. Eisenga ◽  
Robert A. Pol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients

There is a changing trend in mortality causes in kidney transplant recipients (KTR), with a decline in deaths due to cardiovascular causes along with a relative increase in cancer mortality rates. Vitamin C, a well-known antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and immune system enhancement properties, could offer protection against cancer. We aimed to investigate the association of plasma vitamin C with long-term cancer mortality in a cohort of stable outpatient KTR without history of malignancies other than cured skin cancer. Primary and secondary endpoints were cancer and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. We included 598 KTR (mean age 51 ± 12 years old, 55% male). Mean (SD) plasma vitamin C was 44 ± 20 μmol/L. At a median follow-up of 7.0 (IQR, 6.2–7.5) years, 131 patients died, of which 24% deaths were due to cancer. In Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, vitamin C was inversely associated with cancer mortality (HR 0.50; 95%CI 0.34–0.74; p < 0.001), independent of potential confounders, including age, smoking status and immunosuppressive therapy. In secondary analyses, vitamin C was not associated with cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.16; 95%CI 0.83–1.62; p = 0.40). In conclusion, plasma vitamin C is inversely associated with cancer mortality risk in KTR. These findings underscore that relatively low circulating plasma vitamin C may be a meaningful as yet overlooked modifiable risk factor of cancer mortality in KTR.

scholarly journals Women with multiple gestations have an increased risk of development of hypertension in the future

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geum Joon Cho ◽  
Un Suk Jung ◽  
Ho Yeon Kim ◽  
Soo Bin Lee ◽  
Minjeong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Abnormal Liver Function Test ◽  
Multiple Gestations ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Classification Of Diseases

Abstract Background Multiple gestations are associated with an increased incidence of preeclampsia. However, there exists no evidence for an association between multiple gestations and development of hypertension(HTN) later in life. This study aimed to determine whether multiple gestations are associated with HTN beyond the peripartum period. Methods In this retrospective nationwide population-based study, women who delivered a baby between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2008, and underwent a national health screening examination within one year prior to their pregnancy were included. Subsequently, we tracked the occurrence of HTN during follow-up until December 31, 2015, using International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision codes. Results Among 362,821 women who gave birth during the study period, 4,944 (1.36%) women had multiple gestations. The cumulative incidence of HTN was higher in multiple gestations group compared with singleton group (5.95% vs. 3.78%, p < 0.01, respectively). On the Cox proportional hazards models, the risk of HTN was increased in women with multiple gestations (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.19, 1.54) compared with those with singleton after adjustment for age, primiparity, preeclampsia, atrial fibrillation, body mass index, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, high total cholesterol, abnormal liver function test, regular exercise, and smoking status. Conclusions Multiple gestations are associated with an increased risk of HTN later in life. Therefore, guidelines for the management of high-risk patients after delivery should be established.

scholarly journals The Association Between Serum Liver Enzymes And Cancer Mortality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaya Albhaisi ◽  
Rehan Qayyum
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Interpreting levels of liver enzymes is often challenging because they may be influenced by metabolic processes beyond the liver. Given their pathophysiologic roles in inflammation and oxidative stress, higher levels of these enzymes may be associated with increased risk of mortality. However, studies have found inconsistent results. Thus, we examined the association of liver enzymes levels with cancer mortality in the general U.S. adult population. METHODS: We used the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2016. Kaplan-Meier survival curve comparisons were examined across quartiles of liver enzymes. Cox proportional hazards models were built to examine the relationship between cancer mortality and liver enzymes quartiles without and with adjustment for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: During the 338,882 person-years follow-up, 1059 participants had cancer-related deaths. There was a nonlinear U-shaped relationship between serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST) levels and cancer mortality. There was no relationship between cancer mortality and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), however, each 10 IU/L increase in GGT after median was associated with 1% higher mortality risk (HR=1.01; 95% CI=1.00, 1.02; P=0.001). Only subjects with high levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) had higher cancer mortality (HR=1.63; 95CI=1.30, 2.05; P<0.001 and HR=1.52; 95%CI=1.20, 1.94; P=0.001 respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Only the lowest and highest serum ALT and AST levels are associated with increased cancer mortality. For ALP, the relationship is present at higher levels. The association with GGT was not robust to different analyses. The mechanisms underlying the observed relationships need further exploration.

Abstract 015: Very-High Levels of HDL-C and Risks for CHD: The Lifetime Risk Pooling Project

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
John T Wilkins ◽  
Hongyan Ning ◽  
Alan R Dyer ◽  
Donald M Lloyd-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Very High

Background: Whereas observational cohort data suggest the association between HDL-C and coronary heart disease (CHD) is inverse and linear, data are sparse at HDL-C values > 80mg/dL. Methods: We therefore pooled data from the NHLBI public-funded datasets of the Framingham, Framingham Offspring, and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities studies. We used multivariable Cox Proportional-Hazards Models to adjust for age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking status, prevalent diabetes, non-HDL-C, antihypertension and lipid medication use. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HR) to assess the association between a priori strata of HDL-C (<30; >30-40; >40-50; >50-60; >60-70; >70-80; >80mg/dL) and CHD death and non-fatal myocardial infarction using HDL-C >40-50mg/dL as the referent. Results: Over 118,716 person*years of follow up, there were 562 events in 9,226 participants. As expected, hazard ratios for CHD events are greatest in the lowest category of HDL-C (HR 1.68, 95%CI: 1.31, 2.21) and there was generally a stepwise inverse trend in CHD hazards up to 80mg/dL. (See Figure) At HDL-C > 80mg/dL the hazard point estimate for CHD events was insignificantly higher (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29, 0.95) than the hazard observed at HDL-C >70-80mg/dl (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18-0.66). However, the hazard for CHD events for HDL-C > 80mg/dL was still significantly lower than the referent. Conclusions: These data suggest that the association between HDL-C and CHD risk may not be inverse and linear at HDL-C values > 80mg/dL. These data support investigation into qualitative differences in HDL molecules in individuals with very high levels of HDL-C.

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