scholarly journals Simple dietary criteria to improve serum n-3 fatty acid levels of mothers and their infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hautero ◽  
Tuija Poussa ◽  
Kirsi Laitinen
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Fish Intake ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Dietary Counselling ◽  
Food Diaries

AbstractObjectiveSufficient maternal dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids (FA) supports offspring development. We aimed to construct simple criteria for dietary counselling to improve intake of n-3 FA.DesignSerum phospholipid FA from mothers and infants were analysed by GC one month after delivery. Dietary intake of foods during pregnancy and one month after delivery were recorded using 3 d food diaries and an index for healthy eating was calculated. Fish consumption was established by questionnaires. Dietary consumption of foods resulting in an increase in serum n-3 FA was defined.SettingA mother–child follow-up study in Southwest Finland.SubjectsMothers (n 90) and 1-month-old infants (n 63).ResultsAfter delivery, the mother’s consumption of fish at least three times per week resulted in an increase in total serum n-3 FA (mean difference (95 % CI): 1·7 (0·7, 2·8) % of total FA, P<0·001) and DHA (1·1 (0·5, 1·8) % of total FA, P<0·001) compared with non-consumers. Persistent fish intake once weekly throughout pregnancy increased total serum n-3 FA (P=0·001) and DHA (P<0·001). Overall, a healthy diet (middle and highest tertiles of healthy eating index score v. the lowest tertile) resulted in higher total serum n-3 FA (P=0·004) and DHA (P=0·008). Mother’s diet along with higher serum levels of n-3 FA were related to serum FA levels in 1-month-old infants.ConclusionsAn overall healthy diet and persistent consumption of fish at least once weekly throughout pregnancy or more frequent fish intake three times per week increases n-3 FA in serum phospholipids of both mothers and their infants.

Genetic and Environmental Influences of Dietary Indices in a UK Female Twin Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 330-337
Author(s):  
Olatz Mompeo ◽  
Rachel Gibson ◽  
Paraskevi Christofidou ◽  
Tim D. Spector ◽  
Cristina Menni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Fitting Model ◽  
Dietary Indices ◽  
Health Parameters

AbstractA healthy diet is associated with the improvement or maintenance of health parameters, and several indices have been proposed to assess diet quality comprehensively. Twin studies have found that some specific foods, nutrients and food patterns have a heritable component; however, the heritability of overall dietary intake has not yet been estimated. Here, we compute heritability estimates of the nine most common dietary indices utilized in nutritional epidemiology. We analyzed 2590 female twins from TwinsUK (653 monozygotic [MZ] and 642 dizygotic [DZ] pairs) who completed a 131-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Heritability estimates were computed using structural equation models (SEM) adjusting for body mass index (BMI), smoking status, Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), physical activity, menopausal status, energy and alcohol intake. The AE model was the best-fitting model for most of the analyzed dietary scores (seven out of nine), with heritability estimates ranging from 10.1% (95% CI [.02, .18]) for the Dietary Reference Values (DRV) to 42.7% (95% CI [.36, .49]) for the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (A-HEI). The ACE model was the best-fitting model for the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) and Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) with heritability estimates of 5.4% (95% CI [−.17, .28]) and 25.4% (95% CI [.05, .46]), respectively. Here, we find that all analyzed dietary indices have a heritable component, suggesting that there is a genetic predisposition regulating what you eat. Future studies should explore genes underlying dietary indices to further understand the genetic disposition toward diet-related health parameters.

scholarly journals Association between overall diet quality and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in five Finnish cohort studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Männistö ◽  
Kennet Harald ◽  
Tommi Härkänen ◽  
Mirkka Maukonen ◽  
Johan G. Eriksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Alternative Healthy Eating Index

AbstractThere is limited evidence for any dietary factor, except alcohol, in breast cancer (BC) risk. Therefore, studies on a whole diet, using diet quality indices, can broaden our insight. We examined associations of the Nordic Diet (mNDI), Mediterranean diet (mMEDI) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (mAHEI) with postmenopausal BC risk. Five Finnish cohorts were combined including 6374 postmenopausal women with dietary information. In all, 8–9 dietary components were aggregated in each index, higher total score indicating higher adherence to a healthy diet. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the combined hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for BC risk. During an average 10-year follow-up period, 274 incident postmenopausal BC cases were diagnosed. In multivariable models, the HR for highest vs. lowest quintile of index was 0.67 (95 %CI 0.48–1.01) for mNDI, 0.88 (0.59–1.30) for mMEDI and 0.89 (0.60–1.32) for mAHEI. In this combined dataset, a borderline preventive finding of high adherence to mNDI on postmenopausal BC risk was found. Of the indices, mNDI was more based on the local food culture than the others. Although a healthy diet has beneficially been related to several chronic diseases, the link with the etiology of postmenopausal BC does not seem to be that obvious.

Healthy Eating Index-2015 Scores Among Adults Based on Observed vs Recalled Dietary Intake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon I. Kirkpatrick ◽  
Kevin W. Dodd ◽  
Nancy Potischman ◽  
Thea Palmer Zimmerman ◽  
Deirdre Douglass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Healthy Eating Index

scholarly journals Nutritional intake and overall diet quality of female soccer players before the competition period

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel dos SANTOS ◽  
Jacqueline Queiroz da SILVEIRA ◽  
Thais Borges CESAR
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Soccer

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the dietary intake and overall diet quality of female soccer players before the competitive games. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study included 21 women aged 20.8±4.5 years from a professional soccer team. Their nutritional status and dietary adequacy during the training period, before competition season, were assessed. Dietary intake was assessed by three 24-hour recalls, one food frequency questionnaire, and the Healthy Eating Index, an overall diet quality index based on food group intake. Results: The athletes have shown proper nutritional status, but a diet deficient in energy due largely to low carbohydrate intake. On the other hand, the intakes of protein, fatty acids, and sodium were above the recommended intakes, even for athletes. Diet quality assessment by the Healthy Eating Index - 2010 resulted in a mean score of 54.6 points of a maximum of 100, indicating a need of improving the overall diet quality. Conclusion: The study found that the dietary patterns of female football players were both quantitatively and qualitatively inappropriate. A nutritional intervention is indicated to improve diet quality, with the inclusion of various foods, such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and better protein quality, along with a reduction in saturated fats, sodium, and added sugar.

scholarly journals Defining Diet Quality: A Review of Diet Metrics as Applied to the Double Burden of Malnutrition (OR17-01-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Miller ◽  
Patrick Webb ◽  
Renata Micha ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Objectives Meeting most of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) will require a strong focus on tackling all forms of malnutrition─ addressing maternal and child health (MCH) as well as diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Yet, the optimal metrics to define a healthy diet remain unclear. Our aim was to comprehensively review diet metrics and assess the evidence on each metric's association with MCH and NCDs. Methods Using comprehensive searches and expert discussions, we identified metrics that i) are used in ≥3 countries to link diet to health, ii) quantify the number of foods/food groups consumed and/or iii) quantify recommended nutrient intakes. We reviewed and summarized each metric's development, components and scoring. For each identified metric, we systematically searched PubMed to identify meta-analyses or narrative reviews evaluating these metrics with nutrient adequacy and health outcomes. We assessed validity by grading the number of studies included and the consistency of the diet metric-disease relationship. Results We identified 6 MCH, 13 NCD and 0 MCH/NCD metrics. Most were developed for describing adherence to dietary guidelines or patterns, and others were developed for predicting micronutrient adequacy. On average, the metrics included 14 food groups/nutrients (range 4–45), with 10 food-group only metrics and 0 nutrient-only metrics. The most frequent metric components were grains/roots/tubers, fruits and vegetables. We identified 16 meta-analyses and 14 narrative reviews representing 102 metric-disease relationships (98 metric-NCD and 4 metric-MCH relationships, respectively). We found 5 metrics that have been consistently validated in meta-analyses and narrative reviews for NCDs, 1 metric with limited evidence for MCH, but 0 metrics for both. Of the metrics, the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (aHEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Healthy Eating Index (HEI), and Mediterranean Diet Score (MED) were most commonly validated, especially for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (Figure 1). Conclusions Few diet metrics have been used in multiple countries to define a healthy diet. This suggests a serious gap in global analyses of diet quality relating to malnutrition in all its forms, which hinders effective policy action. Funding Sources Gates Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Healthy Eating Index during pregnancy according to pre-gravid and gravid weight status

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tsigga ◽  
Vlasios Filis ◽  
Konstantina Hatzopoulou ◽  
Charalambos Kotzamanidis ◽  
Maria G Grammatikopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Counselling ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
The Mean

AbstractObjectiveTo assess differences in the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) during pregnancy with the pre-gravid and gravid weight status of women.DesignCross-sectional.SettingAthens, Greece.SubjectsOne hundred pregnant women, inhabitants of Athens.ResultsThe mean raw HEI score of the sample was 66·9 (sd 7·6) and the mean HEI adjusted for energy intake was 66·9 (sd 0·6). No difference was recorded between the adjusted HEI and different gravidities, the embryo’s sex, different income categories or education. When HEI was categorised as low, average and adequate, living in an urban residence increased the odds for demonstrating low HEI score (OR = 10·231, 95 % CI 1·300, 80·487). HEI score during pregnancy was significantly higher in participants who were either pre-gravidly underweight or of normal body weight (BW). In relation to the gestational weight status, the highest HEI scores and protein intake were shown in the underweight and of normal BW participants compared with the obese. According to the simple correspondence analysis, adequate HEI was associated with rural residence and being underweight or having normal BW during pregnancy. Low HEI was associated with overweight and obesity during pregnancy, with obesity before pregnancy and living in an urban environment. HEI was negatively correlated to the pre-conceptional and gestational BMI (r = −0·298, P ≤ 0·003 and r = −0·345, P ≤ 0·001) and to the week of gestation (r = −0·285, P ≤ 0·004).ConclusionsOverall, the HEI of the sample was mediocre. Women who were underweight or of normal BW exhibited a better diet quality compared with obese women; thus the latter consist a population in greater need for supervised nutrition and dietary counselling during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Eating out of home and dietary adequacy in preschool children

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Moreira ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Andreia Oliveira ◽  
Elisabete Ramos ◽  
Sara Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Home Group ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
Coffee Shops

The present study aims to describe dietary intake and dietary adequacy according to eating location in preschool children. A sub-sample of 2414 children from the Generation XXI birth cohort (Porto, Portugal), evaluated during the follow-up between 2009 and 2011, was included. Dietary intake was assessed by 3 d food diaries and four groups of children were defined according to the eating location: ‘Home’ ( ≥ 80 % of meals at home), ‘Other homes’, ‘Preschool’ and ‘Restaurants’. A dietary adequacy index was developed based on general recommendations for children; a higher score represents a better dietary adequacy. The comparison of nutrients and foods daily intake according to the eating location groups was performed by ANOVA and ANCOVA to adjust for potential confounders. Children classified in ‘Preschool’ group ate significantly more vegetables, fruit, bread and fish, and less meat, compared to children classified into the ‘Home’ group. Children classified in the ‘Restaurants’ group ate more cakes, salty snacks and fruit juices than children in ‘Home’ group; and less vegetables, dairy products and pasta/rice/potatoes. In ‘Restaurants’ children obtained the lowest mean score of the dietary adequacy index (15·5, 95 % CI 14·8, 16·3) and in ‘Preschool’ children had the highest mean score (18·3, 95 % CI 18·1, 18·4), corresponding to a better dietary adequacy. Preschools seem to have a relevant role in promoting the intake of healthy foods in preschool children. The consumption in restaurants/coffee shops seems to contribute to energy-dense food intake and reduced consumption of nutrient-dense foods.

scholarly journals Are Climate-friendly Diets Healthier? A Method to Estimate the Correlation Between Nutritional Quality and Carbon Footprints of Usual Diets (OR20-02-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Willits-Smith ◽  
Janet Tooze ◽  
Martin Heller ◽  
Diego Rose
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives Recent research indicates that climate-friendly diets are healthier, but much of this evidence is based on aggregate consumption data or on individuals' dietary intake data from just one observation day. Analysis of individuals' self-selected diets is important for applying dietary guidance, but usual intake over time is needed to better assess relationships with human health and environmental outcomes. To address this gap, we developed a method to estimate the association of dietary carbon footprints with nutritional quality for usual intake based on multiple observation days. Methods Based on an exhaustive review of the sustainability science literature, we developed a database of Food Impacts on the Environment for Linking to Diets (dataFIELD), which has greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) of 332 food commodities. We linked dataFIELD to the dietary recall data for each of two days in the 2005–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and calculated GHGE per day for each individual. Finally, we adapted the multi-variate Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation procedure, originally developed by the National Cancer Institute to estimate the joint usual intake distributions of multiple dietary components. We included GHGE/1000 kcal along with the 12 dietary components in the Healthy Eating Index (e.g., total fruit intake/1000 kcal, sodium/1000 kcal, etc). Our MCMC model accounts for episodic consumption of foods (such as fish) and allows for inclusion of covariates, such as age, sex, or race-ethnicity to improve estimates. Results We demonstrate the method using two days of dietary intake for all adults with reliable data (n = 16,800). Previous results by our team using one-day data indicate a significant (P < 0.05) inverse relationship between Healthy Eating Index scores and GHGE. Analyses with this new method provide similar results. Conclusions This study demonstrates a method to estimate the relationships between healthfulness and carbon footprints for usual dietary intake. This is important because it allows for examination of diet quality and sustainability indicators of real, self-selected diets over time. These methods can be used to identify healthy, environmentally beneficial dietary changes for promotion in nutrition education. Funding Sources Wellcome Trust.

scholarly journals Validation of a Home Food Environment Instrument Assessing Household Food Patterning and Quality

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3930
Author(s):  
Katherine J. Barrett ◽  
Sarah K. Hibbs-Shipp ◽  
Savannah Hobbs ◽  
Richard E. Boles ◽  
Susan L. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Home Food Environment ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Home Food

The home food environment (HFE) is associated with dietary intake; yet measuring HFE quality often requires burdensome collection of detailed inventories. This project evaluated the capacity of the Home Inventory to Describe Eating and Activity, version 2 (Home-IDEA2) to capture HFE quality by measuring the presence or absence of household foods. Validity was tested using a modified application of the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI). Comparative data were drawn from the National Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS) Food-at-Home Public Use File. HEI scores were calculated for 4202 households in FoodAPS using Home-IDEA2 inventories and full reported inventories. Paired t-tests compared: (1) estimated vs. total edible grams (EEG; TEG); (2) limited vs. all reported foods; and (3) EEG + limited foods vs. TEG + all reported foods. Sensitivity and range of scores were compared. Mean HEI scores for Home-IDEA2 were higher (p < 0.003) than FoodAPS: (1) 51.6 ± 16.1 vs. 49.6 ± 18.1 (food amounts); (2) 53.5 ± 15.8 vs. 49.8 ± 15.4 (food items); (3) 55.5 ± 15.7 vs. 49.8 ± 15.4 (full instrument); differences were small. Scores demonstrated comparable sensitivity and range. The study found that the Home-IDEA2 can capture HFE quality adequately with low data collection burden.

Changes in Adolescents’ Dietary Intake Following the Initiation of an 8-Week Exercise Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Catherine Pouliot ◽  
Alyssa Biagé ◽  
Denis Prud’homme ◽  
Isabelle Giroux
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Food Density ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Food Quantity

Purpose: To assess changes in dietary intake of adolescents following an 8-week aerobic exercise program. Methods: Twenty-six adolescents (14–18 years) participated in an 8-week aerobic exercise program on cycle ergometer at their high school in Quebec, Canada. Twenty-four hour recalls were collected pre- and post-intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA and paired sample t-tests were used to assess differences in energy and dietary intake parameters (food quantity, diet quality, eating patterns) between pre- and postintervention. Results: A decrease in total daily energy intake (–287.8 kcal, P = 0.007), in meal size at lunch (–110.1 g, P = 0.02) and dinner (–143.7 g, P = 0.03), in food density at breakfast (–1.8 kcal/g, P = 0.04), in daily carbohydrate intake (–56.1 g, P = 0.005), and in percentage of energy intake consumed at school (–5.1%, P = 0.04) were observed following initiation of an aerobic exercise program. No change in healthy eating index scores or percentage of energy from processed foods was observed. Conclusions: Changes in energy intake, food quantity, and eating pattern but not diet quality (Healthy Eating Index or food processing scores) were observed following the initiation of an aerobic exercise program. Nutrition interventions may be needed, in addition to an exercise program, to target diet quality and promote healthy eating habits in adolescents.

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