Changes to dietary and health outcomes following implementation of the 2012 updated US Department of Agriculture school nutrition standards: analysis using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
pp. 3016-3024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Jia ◽  
Lynn L Moore ◽  
Howard Cabral ◽  
Amresh Hanchate ◽  
Marc R LaRochelle
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
School Lunch ◽  
School Nutrition ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Standards

AbstractObjective:In 2012, the US government overhauled school nutrition standards, but few studies have evaluated the effects of these standards at the national level. The current study examines the impact of the updated school nutrition standards on dietary and health outcomes of schoolchildren in a nationally representative data set.Design:Difference-in-differences. We compared weekday fruit and vegetable intake between students with daily school lunch participation and students without school lunch participation before and after implementation of updated school nutrition standards using a multivariable linear regression model. Secondary outcomes included weekday solid fat and added sugar (SoFAS) intake and overweight and obesity prevalence. We adjusted analyses for demographic and family socio-economic factors.Setting:USA.Participants:K-12 students, aged 6–20 years (n 9172), from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2016.Results:Implementation of updated school nutrition standards was not associated with a change in weekday fruit and vegetable intake (β = 0·02 cups, 95 % CI −0·23, 0·26) for students with daily school lunch participation. However, implementation of the policy was associated with a 1·5 percentage point (95 % CI −3·0, −0·1) decline in weekday SoFAS intake and a 6·1 percentage point (95 % CI −12·1, −0·1) decline in overweight and obesity prevalence.Conclusions:Changes to US school nutrition standards were associated with reductions in the consumption of SoFAS as well as a decrease in overweight and obesity in children who eat school lunch. However, we did not detect a change in weekday intake of fruits and vegetables associated with the policy change.

scholarly journals Trends and Dietary Assessment According to Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Korean Elderly People: Analysis Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998, 2008, and 2018

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1712
Author(s):  
Yong-Seok Kwon ◽  
Jihye Ryu ◽  
Yuyeong Yang ◽  
Yoo-Kyoung Park ◽  
Sohye Kim
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Korean Elderly

The study aimed to examine the 20-year trends in fruit and non-starch/unsalted vegetable intake among the Korean elderly aged 65 years or older based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. A total of 3722 elderly citizens aged 65 years or older who participated in the dietary survey (24-h recall of dietary intake) of the 1998, 2008, and 2018 NHANES were selected as the subjects of this study. Fruit and non-starchy/unsalted vegetable intake increased by approximately 86.53 g over the past 20 years, from 268.27 g in 1998 to 355.8 g in 2018. In particular, 65–74-year-olds had an increased intake by approximately 130.38 g over the past 20 years, from 277.34 g in 1998 to 407.72 g in 2018. In addition, snacks intake significantly increased over the past 20 years (p for trend < 0.001). Intake according to daily meal cooking location increased by approximately 130 g over the past 20 years, from 64.50 g in 1998 to 123.39 g in 2008, and to 198.01 g in 2018. The annual proportion of the total elderly population who meet the amount of vegetable food intake recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO)/World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) (400 g or more fruits and non-starchy vegetables) increased by approximately 11.28%p (percentage points) over the past 20 years, from 21.78% in 1998 to 24.63% in 2008, and to 33.06% in 2018. The results of this study suggest that more fundamental measures are required to increase the fruit and non-starchy vegetable intake among the elderly. Furthermore, it is thought that the results of this study can be used as basic data in establishing dietary policy. In addition, it is thought that it can be used in developing nutrition education and dietary guidelines for enhancing fruit and vegetable intake.

scholarly journals Trends and Inequalities in Overall and Abdominal Obesity by Sociodemographic Factors in Korean Adults, 1998–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4162
Author(s):  
Ha-Jin Jang ◽  
Hannah Oh
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Education College ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Over Time

Few studies have comprehensively examined the nationwide trends in overall and abdominal obesity prevalence and related sociodemographic inequalities in Korea. In the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998–2018, we estimated the age-standardized prevalence of overall (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 90 cm men, ≥85 cm women) in each sociodemographic subgroup of Korean adults (aged 19–79 years). For each survey year, weighted logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between obesity prevalence and sociodemographic factors. During the study period, the prevalence of overall and abdominal obesity increased in men (24.8% to 42.4%; 20.1% to 32.1%; respectively) but only a small change was observed in women (26.5% to 26.0%; 22.7% to 20.9%; respectively). Obesity prevalence increased in all sociodemographic groups of men but varied across groups in women. In women, income (4th vs. 1st quartiles in 2016–2018: OR (95% CI) = 0.66 (0.56–0.78) overall obesity; 0.60 (0.51–0.71) abdominal obesity) and education (college or higher vs. high school or less: 0.62 (0.54–0.72) overall obesity; 0.58 (0.50–0.68) abdominal obesity) were inversely associated with obesity prevalence, and the gaps became more pronounced since 2007. Our data suggest that the inequalities in obesity prevalence by sex and by socioeconomic status have become more apparent over time in Korea.

Abstract P315: Tomato Consumption by Form and Its Relationship to Total Vegetable Intake in the US: Implications for Healthier Dietary Patterns

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin J Reimers ◽  
Debra R Keast
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Food Pattern ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tomato Products ◽  
Raw Foods ◽  
The Relationship

Despite public health efforts to decrease risk of cardiovascular disease by promoting healthier dietary patterns, Americans persistently under-consume vegetables. Discovering feasible, achievable strategies to increase vegetable intake can contribute to improved dietary patterns and health outcomes. Tomatoes are the most consumed non-starchy vegetable in the US and also contribute the greatest porportion of vegetables to the USDA Food Pattern (MyPlate). Despite tomatoes’ dietary importance, little is known about tomato consumption by form. Tomato forms and amounts consumed in the US were determined by examining the intakes of adults 19 years and older (n = 16,252) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-06, 2007-08, and 2009-10. The forms of tomatoes in foods participants reported were divided into two categories: tomato products and raw. Foods containing tomato products were further divided into four subgroups: 1) canned tomatoes as main ingredients, 2) canned tomatoes as minor ingredients, 3) juice and 4) condiments. Tomato products comprised approximately 63% of total tomato consumption, primarily as main ingredients (33%) of foods such as pasta with tomato sauce, with smaller amounts contributed from minor ingredients (12%), condiments (10%) and juice (7%). Raw tomatoes accounted for the remaining 37%. Participants who consumed the most tomatoes, defined as those who met or exceeded the MyPlate tomato target amount (0.65 cup equivalents/d), consumed 67% of their tomatoes as tomato products and 33% as raw. These heavy tomato consumers’ total vegetable intake was 2.48 cup equivalents/d, which approximated the 2.5 cup equivalent MyPlate total vegetable target amount. Increasing the awareness and importance of the contribution of tomato intake by form, and the relationship between tomato intake and total vegetable intake targets can inform future strategies to achieve greater vegetable intake and thus improve dietary patterns for Americans.

scholarly journals Findings from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014 support salad consumption as an effective strategy for improving adherence to dietary recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 976-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhonda S Sebastian ◽  
Cecilia Wilkinson Enns ◽  
Joseph D Goldman ◽  
M Katherine Hoy ◽  
Alanna J Moshfegh
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Study Results

AbstractObjectiveTo verify the previously untested assumption that eating more salad enhances vegetable intake and determine if salad consumption is in fact associated with higher vegetable intake and greater adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations.DesignIndividuals were classified as salad reporters or non-reporters based upon whether they consumed a salad composed primarily of raw vegetables on the intake day. Regression analyses were applied to calculate adjusted estimates of food group intakes and assess the likelihood of meeting Healthy US-Style Food Pattern recommendations by salad reporting status.SettingCross-sectional analysis of data collected in 2011–2014 in What We Eat in America, the dietary intake component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ParticipantsUS adults (n 9678) aged ≥20 years (excluding pregnant and lactating women).ResultsOn the intake day, 23 % of adults ate salad. The proportion of individuals reporting salad varied by sex, age, race, income, education and smoking status (P&lt;0·001). Compared with non-reporters, salad reporters consumed significantly larger quantities of vegetables (total, dark green, red/orange and other), which translated into a two- to threefold greater likelihood of meeting recommendations for these food groups. More modest associations were observed between salad consumption and differences in intake and likelihood of meeting recommendations for protein foods (total and seafood), oils and refined grains.ConclusionsStudy results confirm the DGA message that incorporating more salads in the diet is one effective strategy (among others, such as eating more cooked vegetables) to augment vegetable consumption and adherence to dietary recommendations concerning vegetables.

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