Do we need ‘masculinist’ (manly?) defenses of feminist archaeology?

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Gutmann
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Greek Sculpture ◽  
Naked Body

There is nothing inherently new, of course, about the study of men in archaeology. For example, in his important history of the creation of modern European masculinity George Mosse (The Image of Man, Oxford, 1996) describes one objective of eighteenth-century archaeologists as entailing the rediscovery of ancient Greek sculpture. Among other things Mosse demonstrates how an ‘ideal of masculine beauty took its inspiration from Greece’ and from the Greek statues in which the male body is deified, to such an extent that ‘the noble soul of each youth manifests itself through the harmonious position of his naked body during gymnastic exercises, foreshadowing the important role that gymnastics will play in shaping modern manhood’.

The Wearing of the Red: The Redcoat and the British Brand

Costume ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Arch
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Jane Austen ◽  
Polite Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

As a concept, the idea of product branding offers insights into the history of uniform in Britain. The creation of a brand, by which a product is understood and recognised by its name, fits the cultural history of the red coat, that part of his uniform by which the British infantryman was known for over three hundred years. While the earliest references to the redcoat in this context occur in the sixteenth century, it is really from the eighteenth century onwards that the term becomes widely employed to denote the soldier. However, a review of royal portraiture in Britain from the late seventeenth century onwards also reveals that monarchs used the red coat as a way of uniting the ideals of patriotism with the monarch — a device that was particularly important for the Hanoverian dynasty. Both literature and the visual arts helped identify the red coat as a synonym for the soldier. Numerous references may be adduced, from Jane Austen writing of polite society, to Rudyard Kipling's Tommy. Lady Elizabeth Butler was perhaps the most famous artist to depict red-coated heroes in battles, which marked the defence or development of the Empire.

scholarly journals Research on the Drapery in Ancient Greek Sculptures

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Yiqiang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Western Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
Greek Sculpture

Sculpture in the ancient Greek period has an extremely lofty position in the history of Western art, and the drapery is one of the most important modeling characteristics of ancient Greek sculpture. This article summarizes the style evolution of drapery in ancient Greek sculptures through the performance of ancient Greek costume characteristics and dressing methods in sculptures. And through the drapery produced by the different postures of the human body in the sculptures, it is explored how the ancient Greek artists used drapery to show the dialectical relationship between clothing, the human body and the posture, thereby shaping the beauty model of classical clothing.

Anne Young’s Musical Games (1801): Music Theory, Gender, and Game Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel Raz
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Music Theory ◽  
Game Design ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Board Game ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Music Theorist

In 1801, the Scottish music theorist Anne Young (1756-1827) created an elaborate board game set designed to teach musical fundamentals. This video offers some thoughts on the creation and reception of her works, contextualizing their creation and reception within the history of education in late eighteenth century Britain.

Teleology Without Tears: Aristotle and the Role of Mechanistic Conceptions of Organisms

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Berryman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Ancient Greek Philosophy ◽  
History Of

In this paper I outline a role for mechanistic conceptions of organisms in ancient Greek natural philosophy, especially the study of organisms. By ‘mechanistic conceptions’ I mean the use of ideas and techniques drawn from the field of mechanics to investigate the natural world. ‘Mechanistic conceptions’ of organisms in ancient Greek philosophy, then, are those that draw on the ancient understanding of the field called ‘mechanics’ — hê mêchanikê technê—to investigate living things, rather than those bearing some perceived similarity to modern notions of ‘the mechanical.’ I have argued elsewhere that evidence of mechanistic conceptions of the natural world can be found, not only among seventeenth and eighteenth century ‘mechanical philosophers,’ but also—albeit in vestigial form — in some ancient Greek texts. Unfortunately, these reports are slight, often by detractors of this approach, and offer only clues as to the motivational context for employing these mechanical conceptions. Here, my purpose is to suggest what role they might have played in the history of natural philosophy.

scholarly journals A Arcádia Romana e a Arcádia Ultramarina: diálogos literários entre a Itália e o Brasil na segunda metade do século XVIII / The Roman Arcadia and the Arcadia Ultramarina: Literary Dialogues between Italy and Brazil in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Carlos Versiani dos Anjos
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Literary Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Literature History ◽  
History Of Literature

Resumo: Este trabalho visa apresentar as relações literárias entre árcades brasileiros da segunda metade do século XVIII e a Arcádia Romana, a que alguns destes árcades eram filiados, ou a ela associados por intermédio da chamada Arcádia Ultramarina, academia criada no Brasil, na capitania de Minas Gerais, por Cláudio Manuel da Costa. O artigo analisa os primórdios da Arcádia Romana e seus teóricos precursores; o movimento dos poetas brasileiros na Europa e no Brasil, para a criação de uma colônia ultramarina daquela Academia; os esforços de Basílio da Gama, Seixas Brandão e Cláudio Manuel neste empreendimento; a participação do poeta Silva Alvarenga, também como crítico literário; e a recepção crítica sobre a existência e significado da Arcádia Ultramarina, nas suas relações com a Arcádia Romana, entre estudiosos contemporâneos da Itália e do Brasil.Palavras-chave: Arcádia Romana; Arcádia Ultramarina; século XVIII; Literatura Arcádica; História da Literatura.Abstract: We aim to present the literary relations between Brazilian arcadians in the second half of the eighteenth century and the Roman Arcadia, in which some of these arcadians were affiliated or associated to the so-called Arcadia Ultramarina, an academy created in Brazil, in the captaincy of Minas Gerais, by Cláudio Manuel da Costa. We analyze the beginning of the Roman Arcadia and its precursor theorists; the movement of Brazilian poets in Europe and Brazil, for the creation of an overseas colony of that Academy; the efforts of Basilio da Gama, Seixas Brandão and Cláudio Manuel in this venture; the participation of the poet Silva Alvarenga, also as a literary critic; and the critical reception on the existence and significance of the Arcadia Ultramarina in its relations with the Roman Arcadia among contemporary scholars from Italy and Brazil.Keywords: Roman Arcadia; Arcadia Ultramarina; XVIII Century; Arcadian Literature; History of Literature.

scholarly journals Thinking and Being: From Parmenides to Descartes and Beyond

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Eleni Papamichael
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
General Issue ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cartesian Cogito ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual

<em>This paper concentrates on the effort to trace the limits of the “revolution” which the Cartesian “Cogito” brought about in the history of Philosophy, within the context of a broader research that begins with Parmenides’ Poem. The research in question concerns the general issue of the correlation between thinking and being to which the “Cogito” itself, as such, refers one. Despite the apparent agreement of Parmenides and Descartes on this issue, what this paper aims first of all, is to demonstrate the radical difference which in reality exists, regarding this issue, between these two philosophers, as well as, more generally, between Descartes and the ancient Greek spirit. From the abandonment of this spirit, essentially springs forth the concept of the individual consciousness, which, in the future, was to form the basis for the creation of certain new philosophical theories, whose sole common element would be the reference to this concept. After Descartes, and all the way towards Structuralism, there have, however, also been developed certain theories of another type, which have attempted to achieve the re-connection with the ancient conception of thinking and being. As examples of this effort, this paper denotes the theories of Kant, Hegel and Heidegger.</em>

Together and Apart

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-148
Author(s):  
David Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Church Of Ireland ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Church

This chapter traces the long history of the rival confessional communities in Ireland that cohabited in the cities, which provides a key to understanding urban culture. It underlines the contrast between the non-existent legal status of the Catholic Church and the exclusive constitutional position of the established Church of Ireland. The eighteenth-century Catholic Church continued to function both in Dublin and the southern cities. But deprived of the patronage of a sympathetic gentry, the Church as an organization was drastically weakened after the Jacobite defeat. The chapter then presents the Catholic Church's organizational recovery and the creation of a new Catholic politics, urban and lay in character. It details the growth of functioning parishes of the Church of Ireland built in Dublin between the 1660s and 1800s. The chapter then turns to discuss the Church of Ireland's visible challenge in artisan districts: the arrival of a string of Methodist preachers, and investigates its immediate impact in Dublin. Ultimately, the chapter unveils the political power of Presbyterians in Dublin, and it analyzes the significance of Dublin in the emergence of the reformist tendency in Presbyterianism.

Anne Young’s Introduction to Music (1803): Pedagogical, Speculative, and Ludic Music Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel Raz
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Music Theory ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Board Game ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Scottish Music ◽  
Music Theorist

In 1801, the Scottish music theorist Anne Young (1756-1827) created an elaborate board game set designed to teach musical fundamentals. This video offers some thoughts on the creation and reception of her works, contextualizing their creation and reception within the history of education in late eighteenth century Britain.

To Make a New Thermopylae: Hellenism, Greek Liberation, and the Battle of Thermopylae

2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Macgregor Morris
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Greek History ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of

In the eighteenth century, attitudes towards ancient Greece were changing from an antiquarian interest in literature and art, into a wider emotional affiliation that permeated many aspects of artistic and political life. With this new attitude came an interest in contemporary Greece and an awareness of and concern about her state under Turkish rule which, by the early nineteenth century, culminated in growing sympathy for the cause of Greek liberation. Of all the characters and incidents of ancient Greek history, none played such a central part in this tradition as those involved in the Battle of Thermopylae of 480 B.C., so that by the very eve of the Greek revolution in 1821 Byron could call on his contemporaries to ‘make a new Thermopylae’. The history of Thermopylae in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is, in many ways, the history of contemporary hellenism.

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