scholarly journals Thinking and Being: From Parmenides to Descartes and Beyond

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Eleni Papamichael
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
General Issue ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cartesian Cogito ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual

<em>This paper concentrates on the effort to trace the limits of the “revolution” which the Cartesian “Cogito” brought about in the history of Philosophy, within the context of a broader research that begins with Parmenides’ Poem. The research in question concerns the general issue of the correlation between thinking and being to which the “Cogito” itself, as such, refers one. Despite the apparent agreement of Parmenides and Descartes on this issue, what this paper aims first of all, is to demonstrate the radical difference which in reality exists, regarding this issue, between these two philosophers, as well as, more generally, between Descartes and the ancient Greek spirit. From the abandonment of this spirit, essentially springs forth the concept of the individual consciousness, which, in the future, was to form the basis for the creation of certain new philosophical theories, whose sole common element would be the reference to this concept. After Descartes, and all the way towards Structuralism, there have, however, also been developed certain theories of another type, which have attempted to achieve the re-connection with the ancient conception of thinking and being. As examples of this effort, this paper denotes the theories of Kant, Hegel and Heidegger.</em>

scholarly journals Two Fates of Georgy Grebenshchikov

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-315
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Azarov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual

The present article deals with a comparative study of the two periods of G. D. Grebenshchikov’s creative activity – in Russia and abroad. It examines the biography of the writer, his memoirs, analyzes the history of the creation of the most famous works, their artistic features. It is noted that his epic “The Churaevs” is an attempt to comprehend the historical fate of Russia in the pre-revolutionary and revolutionary periods. It is shown that G. D. Grebenshchikov’s attitude to the problem of the development of society and the improvement of the individual was based on the denial of class morality in combination with utopian perception of the future of Russia. At the same time, different assessments of his works are given in Russian Émigré literary criticism, which was pointed to both their advantages and disadvantages.

Acta Fluens – Generatives Handeln und Improvisation im Jazz

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Davide Sparti
Keyword(s):  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

Obwohl jede menschliche Handlung mit einem gewissen Grad an Improvisation erfolgt, gibt es kulturelle Praktiken, bei denen Improvisation eine überwiegende Rolle spielt. Um das Risiko zu vermeiden, einen zu breiten Begriff von Improvisation zu übernehmen, konzentriere ich mich im vorliegenden Beitrag auf den Jazz. Meine zentrale Frage lautet, wie Improvisation verstanden werden muss. Mein Vorgehen ist folgendes: Ich beginne mit einem Vergleich von Improvisation und Komposition, damit die Spezifizität der Improvisation erklärt werden kann. Danach wende ich mich dem Thema der Originalität als Merkmal der Improvisation zu. Zum Schluss führe ich den Begriff affordance ein, um die kollektive und zirkuläre Logik eines Solos zu analysieren. Paradigmatisch wird der Jazzmusiker mit dem Engel der Geschichte verglichen, der nur auf das Vergangene blickt, während er der Zukunft den Rücken zugekehrt hat, und lediglich ihr zugetrieben wird. Weder kann der Improvisierende das Material der Vergangenheit vernachlässigen noch seine genuine Tätigkeit, das Improvisieren in der Gegenwart und für die Zukunft, aufgeben: Er visiert die Zukunft trotz ihrer Unvorhersehbarkeit über die Vermittlung der Vergangenheit an.<br><br>While improvised behavior is so much a part of human existence as to be one of its fundamental realities, in order to avoid the risk of defining the act of improvising too broadly, my focus here will be upon one of the activities most explicitly centered around improvisation – that is, upon jazz. My contribution, as Wittgenstein would say, has a »grammatical« design to it: it proposes to clarify the significance of the term »improvisation.« The task of clarifying the cases in which one may legitimately speak of improvisation consists first of all in reflecting upon the conditions that make the practice possible. This does not consist of calling forth mysterious, esoteric processes that take place in the unconscious, or in the minds of musicians, but rather in paying attention to the criteria that are satisfied when one ascribes to an act the concept of improvisation. In the second part of my contribution, I reflect upon the logic that governs the construction of an improvised performance. As I argue, in playing upon that which has already emerged in the music, in discovering the future as they go on (as a consequence of what they do), jazz players call to mind the angel in the famous painting by Klee that Walter Benjamin analyzed in his Theses on the History of Philosophy: while pulled towards the future, its eyes are turned back towards the past.

The Neuropathic Diathesis, or the Diathesis of the Degenerate

1888 ◽  
Vol 34 (146) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
G. T. Revington
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

I think that the foregoing statistics, and those which follow, together with the large number of cases which I quote, and which connect general paralysis with almost every form of neurotic manifestation, will prove conclusively that neurotic inheritance is a striking feature in the causation of general paralysis. I question whether a distinction between “the cerebral and the insane element” in general paralysis can be maintained. If general paralysis is not a degeneration of the mind-tissue, then the pathology of insanity has no existence, and I would say that the subtle influence for evil, which is transmitted from parents, whose brains are deteriorated by neurotic outbursts, or soaked in alcohol, or wrecked by physiological immorality, tends strongly towards such degeneration. If insanity is, as Dr. Savage says, a perversion of the ego, then a general paralytic is the in-sanest of the insane. We know that the children of a melancholic parent, for example, may develop any form of neurosis—in other words, it is not that melancholia or general paralysis, or any other definite disease, is transmitted, but that a certain tendency to deviate from normal development is transmitted. This tendency to deviate is the neurotic diathesis, and the form of its development is determined by collateral circumstances, and a certain series of collateral circumstances determine the development of general paralysis. Perhaps neurotic inheritance may mean in some cases a limited capital of nervous energy, and if this is wasted recklessly the individual breaks down suddenly and pathologically, as we all do slowly and physiologically. I would also point out that considering the number of histories of insanity which owing to ignorance or reticence we, do not receive, and considering that we never receive information as to the existence of the slighter neuroses, it is marvellous that we get so high a percentage as 51. Of the 145 general paralytics with a reliable history, 38 had a family history of insanity, 28 a family history of drink, 8 of both, 43 had a personal history of drink, 8 of a previous attack too remote to be considered, at least, according to our present ideas, as part of the disease, and the vast majority had a history of some physiological irregularity which must be considered as conducive to the creation of an acquired neurosis. We may now pass to some further statistics.

scholarly journals R. PLEČKAIČIO FILOSOFIJOS ISTORIJOS TYRIMŲ METODOLOGIJA

Problemos ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Gintaras Kabelka
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Problematic Situation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami Romano Plečkaičio filosofijos istorijos tyrimų metodologijos svarbiausi elementai: filosofijos istorijos kaip problemų sprendimų kaitos samprata – filosofiją sudaro nuolat kintantys problemų sprendimai; problema yra ir tyrimo prieiga, tyrimo medžiagą konceptualiai struktūruojantis veiksnys; probleminės situacijos (istoriniu momentu susiklosčiusi teorinių elementų konsteliacija, lemianti naujos teorijos sukūrimą) istorinė rekonstrukcija; objektyvaus istorinio supratimo prieiga, kuri filosofiją traktuoja kaip objektyviai ir visuotinai galiojančių žinojimo elementų visumą. Plečkaitis kuria filosofijos pažangios raidos vaizdinį, kurį papildo paradigmų kaitos elementais: radikalus problemų sprendimų pokytis vaizduojamas kaip visiškai naujos probleminės situacijos susiformavimas. Ši traktuojama kaip paradigminė, lemianti visus kitus problemų sprendimo būdus.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Plečkaitis, problemų istorijos metodologija, probleminė situacija, objektyvus istorinis supratimas.R. Plečkaitis’ Methodology of Historical-Philosophical ResearchGintaras Kabelka SummaryThe article analyzes the methodology of Romanas Plečkaitis’ research, in which the most important ele-ments are: the conception of the history of philosophy as a process of transformation of philosophical problems, which initiates the historical study and provides the material and structures of the interpreta-tion of results; the historical reconstruction of the problematic situation as a constellation of theoretical elements motivating the creation of a new theory; the objective historical understanding, which treats philosophy as the totality of objectively and universally functioning cognitional elements and excludes from the interpretation of the history of philosophy all subjective and metaphysical factors. The picture of progress of philosophy presented in the works of Plečkaitis involves the elements of paradigm shifts. He presents the radical modification of the solution of problems as the formation of a new problematic situation, which is regarded as paradigmatic for the solution of other remaining problems. Keywords: Plečkaitis, methodology of history of problems, problematic situation, objective historical understanding   ine-height: 18px;"> 

Transformation of Entertainment Culture throughout Society and History

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ebru Karadogan Ismayılov ◽  
Gozde Sunal
Keyword(s):  
Basic Needs ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Culture Industry ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Important Data ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Industry Needs ◽  
Entertainment Culture

Since the Ancient Greek period when labor was underestimated and entertainment drew the line between slaves and masters, changes in society and entertainment have followed parallel routes. In 17th century, individual entertainment was freed from the rules of religion, art was materialized and gained a deceptive dimension for the audience. The mood of boredom, which is experienced by the individual whose basic needs are satisfied, is an important data for the culture industry. Needs that do not exist in reality are created by the professionals of different disciplines through extensive and complementary activities. The culture industry captures the individual who is trying to get rid of the effects of business in a freed and undefended conscious and guides him/her according to its own ideology. Thus, methods of entertainment play an important role in the creation of current relations of hegemony and a subtle camouflage of its logic of work. This is explored in this chapter.

Electronic Mail Security

2011 ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin I. Achugbue
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Mail ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mail Address ◽  
E Mail

The chapter focuses on the history of the internet system of e-mail; e-mail security; threat to e-mail security, usefulness of e-mail address and country codes, how e-mails can be secured by the individual and electronic mail policy. The future of e-mail security is also described.

Disagreement, Deep Time, and Progress in Philosophy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-313
Author(s):  
Kirk Lougheed
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Peer Disagreement ◽  
Epistemology Of Disagreement ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Philosophical Beliefs ◽  
Epistemic Peer ◽  
Contingent Fact ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sceptical Conclusion

The epistemology of disagreement examines the question of how an agent ought to respond to awareness of epistemic peer disagreement about one of her beliefs. The literature on this topic, ironically enough, represents widespread disagreement about how we should respond to disagreement. I argue for the sceptical conclusion that the existence of widespread disagreement throughout the history of philosophy, and right up until the present day indicates that philosophers are highly unreliable at arriving at the truth. If truth convergence indicates progress in a field, then there is little progress in philosophy. This sceptical conclusion, however, need not make us give up philosophizing: That we should currently be sceptical of our philosophical beliefs is a contingent fact. We are an intellectually immature species and given the existence of the deep future we have some reason to think that there will be truth-convergence in philosophy in the future.

The Future of the Past

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Borrut
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Sacred History

Writing the history of the first centuries of Islam poses thorny methodological problems, because our knowledge rests upon narrative sources produced later in Abbasid Iraq. The creation of an “official” version of the early Islamic past (i.e., a vulgate), composed contemporarily with the consolidation of Abbasid authority in the Middle East, was not the first attempt by Muslims to write about their origins. This Abbasid-era version succeeded when previous efforts vanished, or were reshaped, in rewritings and enshrined as the “official” version of Islamic sacred history. Attempts to impose different historical orthodoxies affected the making of this version, as history was rewritten with available materials, partly determined by earlier generations of Islamic historians. This essay intends to discuss a robust culture of historical writing in eighth-century Syria and to suggest approaches to access these now-lost historiographical layers torn between memory and oblivion, through Muslim and non-Muslim sources.

The Individual as System

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-234
Author(s):  
Shachar Freddy Kislev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Small System ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concrete Universal ◽  
Psychological Sense ◽  
The Individual

In British Hegelianism we find, forgotten, a weighty theory of individuality. This theory remains one of the most sustained attempts in the history of philosophy to analyze the individual, not in the social or psychological sense, but as a logical-metaphysical category. The Idealist conceptualization of the individual is bound with their unconventional theory of universals, for they argued that any individual is a “concrete universal,” and vice versa. This article reconstructs the British Idealist theory of individuality, highlighting its key insights: (a) the individual is not a simple unit, but a small system with interrelated parts; (b) the individual is not simply given, but is mediated by thought; (c) the individual is the conceptual glue holding the parts together and assigning them their respective places; (d) the conceptualization of the individual lies at the intersection of logic, aesthetics and systems theory.

Oncology Institute of the Republic of Moldova is 55 years (outlines of history)

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Viktor F. Chernat
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Oncology Service ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic

In chronological order, there is presented the history of the creation of Oncology Service of the Republic of Moldova. There were mentioned most prominent public health leaders who participated in the creation and functioning of the Oncological service. There are described the main achievements and challenges of the service for the future.

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