scholarly journals Effect of Dental Finishing Instruments on the Surface Roughness of Composite Resins as Elucidated by Atomic Force Microscopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Botta ◽  
Sillas Duarte ◽  
Pedro Iris Paulin Filho ◽  
Simoni Maria Gheno
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Contact Mode ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

AbstractRoughness increases significantly after finishing procedures. The aim of this study was to assess by the atomic force microscope (AFM) the effect of finishing instruments on the surface roughness of composite resins. A nanofiller composite resin (Filtek Supreme, 3M–F) and a microhybrid composite resin (Point 4, Kerr–P) were selected. The finishing procedures were done with a 30-blade carbide bur (C) and a 30-μm finishing diamond bur (D). Standardized specimens were produced and divided into six experimental groups (n= 4) according to (1) composite resin, (2) absence of finishing (Mylar matrix–M), and (3) finishing instrument (FM, PM, FC, FD, PC, PD). The mean surface roughness was evaluated by AFM in the contact mode. FM and PM groups were assessed statistically by the Student's T test, and FC, FD, PC, PD groups were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA), both at 5% significance. The mean surface roughness values, in nanometers, were FM, 23.63 (b); FC, 283.88 (c); FD, 510.55 (d); PM, 12.52 (a); PC, 343.98 (c); PD, 531.64 (d). Microhybrid composite displayed less roughness than nanofiller composite in the absence of finishing procedures. The 30-blade carbide bur produced less roughness compared to the extra fine diamond bur.

scholarly journals Comparative effect of three polishing systems on porcelain surface roughness after orthodontic bracket debonding and composite resin removal: An atomic force microscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
Faeze Qabel ◽  
Riehane Talaei ◽  
Saeedeh Saeedi ◽  
Raheb Ghorbani ◽  
Nazila Ameli
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Orthodontic Bracket ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
One Way Anova

Purpose: Porcelain polishing after orthodontic bracket debonding and resin removal is imperative to eliminate surface roughness and minimize the risk of plaque accumulation, periodontal disease, and porcelain discoloration. This study aimed to assess the effect of three polishing systems on porcelain surface roughness after orthodontic bracket debonding. Materials and Methods: Thirty porcelain blocks were divided into three groups. Surface roughness of the samples was first measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and recorded as baseline. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to blocks by composite resin. After bracket debonding, resin remnants were removed by tungsten carbide bur. The blocks were then polished with Sof-Lex discs, Meisinger, and Jota porcelain polishing kit. Surface roughness was measured again using AFM. The Shapiro–Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post hoc test were used for data analysis through SPSS version 18.0. Level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The mean change in surface roughness after polishing with Jota kit (56.6 nm) was significantly greater than that compared to Sof-Lex discs (10.7 nm) (P = 0.003) and Meisinger kit (26.6 nm) (P = 0.024). The mean change in surface roughness was not significantly different between Sof-Lex and Meisinger groups. Surface roughness significantly increased in all three groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Meisinger polishing kit and Sof-Lex discs were not significantly different in terms of the resultant surface roughness. Thus, the conventional use of Sof-Lex discs seems to be more cost-effective due to their lower cost.

scholarly journals Composite resin for restoration of a posterior tooth and polishing: clinical case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico dos Reis Goyatá ◽  
Sávio Morato de Lacerda Gontijo ◽  
José Alcides Almeida de Arruda ◽  
João Batista Novaes Júnior ◽  
Ivan Doche Barreiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Amalgam Restoration ◽  
Before And After

The aim of the present report was to describe a case of direct composite resin restoration in tooth 46, with emphasis on the importance of polishing. A 21-year-old female patient dissatisfied with the aesthetic amalgam restoration of her tooth 46 came to the our institution for correction of the situation. The procedure performed consisted of registration of occlusal contacts, selection of resin color, removal of amalgam restoration, coronal reconstruction with composite resin, occlusal adjustment, finishing and polishing, with the use of atomic force microscopy of the resin before and after polishing. A correct clinical protocol for the posterior composite resins is fundamental for the optimization of aesthetic results, for clinical performance and for consequent restorative longevity. The atomic force microscopy images of the resin used before and after polishing emphasize the necessity and clinical importance of this operative step.Descriptors: Dental Materials; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dental Polishing; Microscopy.ReferencesFrese C, Staehle HJ, Wolff D. The assessment of dentofacial esthetics in restorative dentistry: a review of the literature. J Am Dent Assoc. 2012;143(5):461-66.Moraschini V, Fai CK, Alto RM, dos Santos GO. Amalgam and resin composite longevity of posterior restorations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2015;43(9):1043-50.Kovarik RE. Restoration of posterior teeth in clinical practice: evidence base for choosing amalgam versus composite. Dent Clin North Am. 2009;53(1):71-6.Kanzow P, Wiegand A, Schwendicke F. Cost-effectiveness of repairing versus replacing composite or amalgam restorations. J Dent. 2016;54:41-7.Lynch CD, Opdam NJ, Hickel R, Brunton PA, Gurgan S, Kakaboura A, et al. Guidance on posterior resin composites: Academy of Operative Dentistry - European Section. J Dent. 2014;42(4):377-83.Fernández E, Martín J, Vildósola P, Oliveira Junior OB, Gordan V, Mjor I et al. Can repair increase the longevity of composite resins? Results of a 10-year clinical trial. J Dent. 2015;43(2):279-86.Sabbagh J, McConnell RJ, McConnell MC. Posterior composites: Update on cavities and filling techniques. J Dent. 2017;57:86-90.Constantinescu DM, Apostol DA, Picu CR, Krawczyk K, Sieberer M. Mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with functionalized silica nanoparticles. Proc Struct Integ. 2017;5:647-52.Yadav RD, Raisingani D, Jindal D, Mathur R. A comparative analysis of different finishing and polishing devices on nanofilled, microfilled, and hybrid composite: a scanning electron microscopy and profilometric study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016;9(3):201-8.Fernandes ACBCJ, Assunção IV, Borges BCD, Costa GFA. Impact of additional polishing on the roughness and surface morphology of dental composite resins. Rev Port Estomatol Med Dent Cirur Maxilofac. 2016;57(2):74-81.Antonson SA, Yazici AR, Kilinc E, Antonson DE, Hardigan PC. Comparison of different finishing/polishing systems on surface roughness and gloss of resin composites. J Dent. 2011;39(Suppl 1):e9-17.Kumari CM, Bhat KM, Bansal R. Evaluation of surface roughness of different restorative composites after polishing using atomic force microscopy. J Conserv Dent. 2016;19(1):56-62.Pimentel PEZ, Goyatá FR, Cunha LG. Influência da técnica de polimento na lisura superficial de resinas compostas. Clin int j braz dent. 2012;8(2):226-34.Chour RG, Moda A, Arora A, Arafath MY, Shetty VK, Rishal Y. Comparative evaluation of effect of different polishing systems on surface roughness of composite resin: An in vitro study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2016;6(Suppl 2):166-70.Lins FC, Ferreira RC, Silveira RR, Pereira CN, Moreira AN, Magalhaes CS. Surface roughness, microhardness, and microleakage of a silorane-based composite resin after immediate or delayed finishing/polishing. Int J Dent. 2016;2016:8346782.

Surface roughness measurements of vanadium-contaminated fluidized cracking catalysts by atomic force microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 866-867
Author(s):  
H. Kinney ◽  
M.L. Occelli ◽  
S.A.C. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
Microporous Structure ◽  
Contact Mode ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Roughness Measurements ◽  
Cracking Catalysts

For this study we have used a contact mode atomic force microscope (AFM) to study to topography of fluidized cracking catalysts (FCC), before and after contamination with 5% vanadium. We selected the AFM because of its ability to well characterize the surface roughness of materials down to the atomic level. It is believed that the cracking in the FCCs occurs mainly on the catalysts top 10-15 μm suggesting that the surface corrugation could play a key role in the FCCs microactivity properties. To test this hypothesis, we chose vanadium as a contaminate because this metal is capable of irreversibly destroying the FCC crystallinity as well as it microporous structure. In addition, we wanted to examine the extent to which steaming affects the vanadium contaminated FCC. Using the AFM, we measured the surface roughness of FCCs, before and after contamination and after steaming.We obtained our FCC (GRZ-1) from Davison. The FCC is generated so that it contains and estimated 35% rare earth exchaged zeolite Y, 50% kaolin and 15% binder.

scholarly journals Assessing the Functional Properties of TiZr Nanotubular Structures for Biomedical Applications, through Nano-Scratch Tests and Adhesion Force Maps

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Maria Vardaki ◽  
Aida Pantazi ◽  
Ioana Demetrescu ◽  
Marius Enachescu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Scratch Tests

In this work we present the results of a functional properties assessment via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-based surface morphology, surface roughness, nano-scratch tests and adhesion force maps of TiZr-based nanotubular structures. The nanostructures have been electrochemically prepared in a glycerin + 15 vol.% H2O + 0.2 M NH4F electrolyte. The AFM topography images confirmed the successful preparation of the nanotubular coatings. The Root Mean Square (RMS) and average (Ra) roughness parameters increased after anodizing, while the mean adhesion force value decreased. The prepared nanocoatings exhibited a smaller mean scratch hardness value compared to the un-coated TiZr. However, the mean hardness (H) values of the coatings highlight their potential in having reliable mechanical resistances, which along with the significant increase of the surface roughness parameters, which could help in improving the osseointegration, and also with the important decrease of the mean adhesion force, which could lead to a reduction in bacterial adhesion, are providing the nanostructures with a great potential to be used as a better alternative for Ti implants in dentistry.

scholarly journals Atomic force microscopy comparative analysis of the surface roughness of two posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens models: ICL versus IPCL

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Gros-Otero ◽  
Samira Ketabi ◽  
Rafael Cañones-Zafra ◽  
Montserrat Garcia-Gonzalez ◽  
Cesar Villa-Collar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Posterior Chamber ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
Contact Mode ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Phakic Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Roughness Measurements

Abstract Background To compare the anterior surface roughness of two commercially available posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Methods Four phakic IOLs were used for this prospective, experimental study: two Visian ICL EVO+ V5 lenses and two iPCL 2.0 lenses. All of them were brand new, were not previously implanted in humans, were monofocal and had a dioptric power of − 12 diopters (D). The anterior surface roughness was assessed using a JPK NanoWizard II® atomic force microscope in contact mode immersed in liquid. Olympus OMCL-RC800PSA commercial silicon nitride cantilever tips were used. Anterior surface roughness measurements were made in 7 areas of 10 × 10 μm at 512 × 512 point resolution. The roughness was measured using the root-mean-square (RMS) value within the given regions. Results The mean of all anterior surface roughness measurements was 6.09 ± 1.33 nm (nm) in the Visian ICL EVO+ V5 and 3.49 ± 0.41 nm in the iPCL 2.0 (p = 0.001). Conclusion In the current study, we found a statistically significant smoother anterior surface in the iPCL 2.0 phakic intraocular lenses compared with the VISIAN ICL EVO+ V5 lenses when studied with atomic force microscopy.

Effect of Surface Sealants and Polishing Time on Composite Surface Roughness and Microhardness

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
VC Ruschel ◽  
VS Bona ◽  
LN Baratieri ◽  
HP Maia
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Surface Sealants ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Surface Sealant ◽  
Effect Of Surface

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface sealants and polishing delay time on a nanohybrid resin composite roughness and microhardness. Eighty disc specimens were made with a nanohybrid resin (Esthet-X HD, Dentsply). The specimens were divided into two groups (n=40) according to polishing time: immediate, after 10 minutes; delayed, after 48 hours. Each group was subdivided into four groups (n=10), according to the surface treatment: CG, control–rubber points (Jiffy Polishers, Ultradent); PP, rubber points + surface sealant (PermaSeal, Ultradent); PF, rubber points + surface sealant (Fortify, Bisco); PB, rubber points + surface sealant (BisCover, Bisco). Surface roughness (Ra) and microhardness (50 g/15 seconds) were measured. Surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The data were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance and the Games-Howell post hoc test (α=0.05). PermaSeal roughness (G2) in the delayed polishing group was significantly higher (p=0.00) than that of the other groups. No difference was observed among the groups between immediate and delayed polishing (p=1.00), except for PermaSeal (p=0.00). Moreover, PermaSeal showed the lowest microhardness values (p=0.00) for immediate polishing. Microhardness was higher at delayed polishing for all the surface treatments (p=0.00) except Fortify (p=0.73). Surface smoothness similar to polishing with rubber points was achieved when surface sealants were used, except for PermaSeal surface sealant, which resulted in a less smooth resin composite surface. However, surface sealant application did not significantly improve composite resin microhardness.

Surface Roughness

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-53
Author(s):  
C. Mathew Mate ◽  
Robert W. Carpick
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Contact Friction ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Fractal Surfaces ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical Phenomena

When two surfaces are brought into contact, they first touch where the summits of the surface asperities make contact. Consequently, surface roughness or topography strongly influences those physical phenomena associated with contact: friction, adhesion, and wear. This chapter discusses techniques for measuring the roughness of surfaces and the parameters frequently used to characterize this roughness. As atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical interferometry are currently the predominant tools for characterizing roughness, these techniques are discussed at some length. Examples are given for determining not only the standard roughness parameters (the standard deviation of surface heights, the mean radius of curvature of asperity summits, waviness, and the average and rms of surface heights), but also for determining the surface roughness power spectrum, which has gained importance in recent tribology theories. The topography of self-affine fractal surfaces is also discussed along with the tribological importance of these surfaces.

Characterization of Healthy and Fluorotic Enamel by Atomic Force Microscopy

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Zavala-Alonso ◽  
Gabriel A. Martínez-Castanon ◽  
Nuria Patiño-Marín ◽  
Humberto Terrones ◽  
Kenneth Anusavice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Depth Profile ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe aim was to characterize the external structure, roughness, and absolute depth profile (ADP) of fluorotic enamel compared with healthy enamel. Eighty extracted human molars were classified into four groups [TFI: 0, control (C); 1–3, mild (MI); 4–5, moderate (MO); 6–9, severe fluorosis (S)] according to the Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index (TFI). All samples were analyzed by atomic force microscopy.The mean values of enamel surface roughness (ESR) in nm were: Group C, 92.6; Group MI, 188.8; Group MO, 246.9; and Group S, 532.2. The mean values of absolute depth profile in nm were: C, 1,065.7; MI, 2,360.7; MO, 2,536.7; and S, 6,146.2. The differences between mean ESR and mean ADP among groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). This structural study confirms at the nanometer level that there is a positive association between fluorosis severity, ESR, and ADP, and there is an association with the clinical findings of fluorosis measured by TFI as well.

MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION OF GOLD ATOMIC AGGREGATES FABRICATED ON SILICONE OIL SURFACE

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 1550066 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUANXIN FENG ◽  
CHUHANG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Roughness Analysis ◽  
Shadowing Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Afm Observation

Gold atomic aggregates are fabricated by vapor-depositing Au atoms onto a silicone oil surface and the microstructure evolution is investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) observation. It is found that the Au aggregates are composed of Au circular nanoparticles with diameter around 45 nm, which is independent with the nominal film thickness d. As d increases from 1 nm to 15 nm, the height of the nanoparticles increases from 15 nm to 25 nm, indicating the geometric shape of the Au nanoparticles evolves from plateau to spherical. Furthermore, the roughness analysis shows that the mean surface roughness increases linearly with d in the range of 1 nm–15 nm, which is quite different from the findings in Ag system. The anomalous microstructure evolution of Au aggregates suggests that the growth of Au aggregates may be dominated by the shadowing effect.

Anisotropy of Surface Roughness on Aluminium Sheet Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Root Mean Square Roughness ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Aluminium Sheet ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Lubrication Performance ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
The Mean

Atomic force microscope images of aluminium sheet are used to calculate the mean roughness Ra and the root mean square roughness Rq for different directions ([theta]) across the samples. The angle determined values of Ra([theta] and Rq([theta]) are significantly lower in the rolling direction than in any other direction. The results provide a clear demonstration of the vector nature of surface roughness. Local features in an angle determined Rq([theta]) profile are also compared with the positions of peaks and valleys in the matching topographical crosssection of the surface running at right angles to [theta]. It is further found that the distribution of z heights for an imaged sample is usually not Gaussian in shape unless the z heights are measured about mean lines constructed across the surface parallel with the rolling direction. The results are relevant for controlling lubrication performance in the aluminium rolling process.

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