scholarly journals Assessing the Functional Properties of TiZr Nanotubular Structures for Biomedical Applications, through Nano-Scratch Tests and Adhesion Force Maps

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Maria Vardaki ◽  
Aida Pantazi ◽  
Ioana Demetrescu ◽  
Marius Enachescu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Scratch Tests

In this work we present the results of a functional properties assessment via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-based surface morphology, surface roughness, nano-scratch tests and adhesion force maps of TiZr-based nanotubular structures. The nanostructures have been electrochemically prepared in a glycerin + 15 vol.% H2O + 0.2 M NH4F electrolyte. The AFM topography images confirmed the successful preparation of the nanotubular coatings. The Root Mean Square (RMS) and average (Ra) roughness parameters increased after anodizing, while the mean adhesion force value decreased. The prepared nanocoatings exhibited a smaller mean scratch hardness value compared to the un-coated TiZr. However, the mean hardness (H) values of the coatings highlight their potential in having reliable mechanical resistances, which along with the significant increase of the surface roughness parameters, which could help in improving the osseointegration, and also with the important decrease of the mean adhesion force, which could lead to a reduction in bacterial adhesion, are providing the nanostructures with a great potential to be used as a better alternative for Ti implants in dentistry.

Surface Roughness

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-53
Author(s):  
C. Mathew Mate ◽  
Robert W. Carpick
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Contact Friction ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Fractal Surfaces ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical Phenomena

When two surfaces are brought into contact, they first touch where the summits of the surface asperities make contact. Consequently, surface roughness or topography strongly influences those physical phenomena associated with contact: friction, adhesion, and wear. This chapter discusses techniques for measuring the roughness of surfaces and the parameters frequently used to characterize this roughness. As atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical interferometry are currently the predominant tools for characterizing roughness, these techniques are discussed at some length. Examples are given for determining not only the standard roughness parameters (the standard deviation of surface heights, the mean radius of curvature of asperity summits, waviness, and the average and rms of surface heights), but also for determining the surface roughness power spectrum, which has gained importance in recent tribology theories. The topography of self-affine fractal surfaces is also discussed along with the tribological importance of these surfaces.

scholarly journals Surface of Alumina Films after Prolonged Breakdowns in Galvanostatic Anodization

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Girginov ◽  
Stephan Kozhukharov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Anodic Films ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Alumina Films ◽  
Anodization Time ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Current Densities

Breakdown phenomena are investigated at continuous isothermal (20∘C) and galvanostatic (0.2–5 mA cm−2) anodizing of aluminum in ammonium salicylate in dimethylformamide (1 M AS/DMF) electrolyte. From the kinetic -curves, the breakdown voltage () values are estimated, as well as the frequency and amplitude of oscillations of formation voltage () at different current densities. The surface of the aluminum specimens was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Data on topography and surface roughness parameters of the electrode after electric breakdowns are obtained as a function of anodization time. The electrode surface of anodic films, formed with different current densities until the same charge density has passed (2.5 C cm−2), was assessed. Results are discussed on the basis of perceptions of avalanche mechanism of the breakdown phenomena, due to the injection of electrons and their multiplication in the volume of the film.

scholarly journals Adhesion force mapping on wood by atomic force microscopy: influence of surface roughness and tip geometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 160248 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Jin ◽  
B. Kasal
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

This study attempts to address the interpretation of atomic force microscopy (AFM) adhesion force measurements conducted on the heterogeneous rough surface of wood and natural fibre materials. The influences of wood surface roughness, tip geometry and wear on the adhesion force distribution are examined by cyclic measurements conducted on wood surface under dry inert conditions. It was found that both the variation of tip and surface roughness of wood can widen the distribution of adhesion forces, which are essential for data interpretation. When a common Si AFM tip with nanometre size is used, the influence of tip wear can be significant. Therefore, control experiments should take the sequence of measurements into consideration, e.g. repeated experiments with used tip. In comparison, colloidal tips provide highly reproducible results. Similar average values but different distributions are shown for the adhesion measured on two major components of wood surface (cell wall and lumen). Evidence supports the hypothesis that the difference of the adhesion force distribution on these two locations was mainly induced by their surface roughness.

scholarly journals Comparative effect of three polishing systems on porcelain surface roughness after orthodontic bracket debonding and composite resin removal: An atomic force microscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
Faeze Qabel ◽  
Riehane Talaei ◽  
Saeedeh Saeedi ◽  
Raheb Ghorbani ◽  
Nazila Ameli
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Orthodontic Bracket ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
One Way Anova

Purpose: Porcelain polishing after orthodontic bracket debonding and resin removal is imperative to eliminate surface roughness and minimize the risk of plaque accumulation, periodontal disease, and porcelain discoloration. This study aimed to assess the effect of three polishing systems on porcelain surface roughness after orthodontic bracket debonding. Materials and Methods: Thirty porcelain blocks were divided into three groups. Surface roughness of the samples was first measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and recorded as baseline. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to blocks by composite resin. After bracket debonding, resin remnants were removed by tungsten carbide bur. The blocks were then polished with Sof-Lex discs, Meisinger, and Jota porcelain polishing kit. Surface roughness was measured again using AFM. The Shapiro–Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post hoc test were used for data analysis through SPSS version 18.0. Level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The mean change in surface roughness after polishing with Jota kit (56.6 nm) was significantly greater than that compared to Sof-Lex discs (10.7 nm) (P = 0.003) and Meisinger kit (26.6 nm) (P = 0.024). The mean change in surface roughness was not significantly different between Sof-Lex and Meisinger groups. Surface roughness significantly increased in all three groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Meisinger polishing kit and Sof-Lex discs were not significantly different in terms of the resultant surface roughness. Thus, the conventional use of Sof-Lex discs seems to be more cost-effective due to their lower cost.

scholarly journals Bionic effects of nano hydroxyapatite dentifrice on demineralised surface of enamel post orthodontic debonding: in-vivo split mouth study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purva Verma ◽  
Srirengalakshmi Muthuswamy Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Envelope Method ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Background Orthodontic debonding procedure produces inevitable enamel surface alterations, sequelae to which are enamel demineralization, sensitivity and retention of pigments. Several agents have been employed to counterbalance the same. The purpose of this study was (1) To evaluate the hypothesis that no significant difference exists in the remineralising potential of nano hydroxyapatite (NanoHAP) dentifrice and fluoridated dentifrice after orthodontic debonding, (2) To estimate the enamel topographic parameters following use of nano HAP dentifrice, post orthodontic debonding. Methods Sixty upper first bi-cuspids (30 subjects) planned for therapeutic extraction for the orthodontic treatment were bonded with a light cured adhesive. Envelope method of randomisation was followed in this prospective in-vivo study. In each subject, one of the first premolar brackets was debonded using a debonding plier and polished following standard protocols. Envelope method of randomisation was used to determine the side of the premolar to be debonded first. Patient was advised to use fluoridated (Group I) dentifrice for the first 15 days, then the first premolar was covered with a heavy-bodied putty cap, extracted and subjected to atomic force microscopy (AFM). Contralateral first premolar was then debonded and polished using similar protocol, and patient was advised to use nano hydroxyapatite dentifrice (Group II) for next 15 days. The premolar was then extracted and analyzed for surface roughness using AFM. The remineralizing potential of dentifrices was assessed by evaluating surface roughness parameters of the two groups and were compared using a two-sample t test. Results A significant difference was found amongst Group I (Fluoridated dentifrice) and Group II (NanoHAP dentifrice) (p > 0.001***) for enamel surface roughness variables which reflect remineralising potential of dentifrices. Group II showed significantly lesser value of surface roughness characteristics. Conclusions NanoHAP dentifrice was shown, after 15 days, to be superior to fluoridated dentifrice in remineralising enamel post orthodontic debonding.

Characterization of Healthy and Fluorotic Enamel by Atomic Force Microscopy

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Zavala-Alonso ◽  
Gabriel A. Martínez-Castanon ◽  
Nuria Patiño-Marín ◽  
Humberto Terrones ◽  
Kenneth Anusavice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Depth Profile ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe aim was to characterize the external structure, roughness, and absolute depth profile (ADP) of fluorotic enamel compared with healthy enamel. Eighty extracted human molars were classified into four groups [TFI: 0, control (C); 1–3, mild (MI); 4–5, moderate (MO); 6–9, severe fluorosis (S)] according to the Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index (TFI). All samples were analyzed by atomic force microscopy.The mean values of enamel surface roughness (ESR) in nm were: Group C, 92.6; Group MI, 188.8; Group MO, 246.9; and Group S, 532.2. The mean values of absolute depth profile in nm were: C, 1,065.7; MI, 2,360.7; MO, 2,536.7; and S, 6,146.2. The differences between mean ESR and mean ADP among groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). This structural study confirms at the nanometer level that there is a positive association between fluorosis severity, ESR, and ADP, and there is an association with the clinical findings of fluorosis measured by TFI as well.

MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION OF GOLD ATOMIC AGGREGATES FABRICATED ON SILICONE OIL SURFACE

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 1550066 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUANXIN FENG ◽  
CHUHANG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Roughness Analysis ◽  
Shadowing Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Afm Observation

Gold atomic aggregates are fabricated by vapor-depositing Au atoms onto a silicone oil surface and the microstructure evolution is investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) observation. It is found that the Au aggregates are composed of Au circular nanoparticles with diameter around 45 nm, which is independent with the nominal film thickness d. As d increases from 1 nm to 15 nm, the height of the nanoparticles increases from 15 nm to 25 nm, indicating the geometric shape of the Au nanoparticles evolves from plateau to spherical. Furthermore, the roughness analysis shows that the mean surface roughness increases linearly with d in the range of 1 nm–15 nm, which is quite different from the findings in Ag system. The anomalous microstructure evolution of Au aggregates suggests that the growth of Au aggregates may be dominated by the shadowing effect.

scholarly journals Influence of Surface Properties on Adhesion Forces and Attachment ofStreptococcus mutansto ZirconiaIn Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Yu ◽  
Chuanyong Wang ◽  
Jinglin Zhou ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
Jing Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Early Attachment ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Initial Adhesion

Zirconia is becoming a prevalent material in dentistry. However, any foreign bodies inserted may provide new niches for the bacteria in oral cavity. The object of this study was to explore the effect of surface properties including surface roughness and hydrophobicity on the adhesion and biofilm formation ofStreptococcus mutans(S. mutans) to zirconia. Atomic force microscopy was employed to determine the zirconia surface morphology and the adhesion forces between theS. mutansand zirconia. The results showed that the surface roughness was nanoscale and significantly different among tested groups (P<0.05): Coarse (23.94±2.52 nm) > Medium (17.00±3.81 nm) > Fine (11.89±1.68 nm). The contact angles of the Coarse group were the highest, followed by the Medium and the Fine groups. Increasing the surface roughness and hydrophobicity resulted in an increase of adhesion forces and early attachment (2 h and 4 h) ofS. mutanson the zirconia but no influence on the further development of biofilm (6 h~24 h). Our findings suggest that the surface roughness in nanoscale and hydrophobicity of zirconia had influence on theS. mutansinitial adhesion force and early attachment instead of whole stages of biofilm formation.

Anisotropy of Surface Roughness on Aluminium Sheet Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Root Mean Square Roughness ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Aluminium Sheet ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Lubrication Performance ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
The Mean

Atomic force microscope images of aluminium sheet are used to calculate the mean roughness Ra and the root mean square roughness Rq for different directions ([theta]) across the samples. The angle determined values of Ra([theta] and Rq([theta]) are significantly lower in the rolling direction than in any other direction. The results provide a clear demonstration of the vector nature of surface roughness. Local features in an angle determined Rq([theta]) profile are also compared with the positions of peaks and valleys in the matching topographical crosssection of the surface running at right angles to [theta]. It is further found that the distribution of z heights for an imaged sample is usually not Gaussian in shape unless the z heights are measured about mean lines constructed across the surface parallel with the rolling direction. The results are relevant for controlling lubrication performance in the aluminium rolling process.

scholarly journals Effect of Dental Finishing Instruments on the Surface Roughness of Composite Resins as Elucidated by Atomic Force Microscopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Botta ◽  
Sillas Duarte ◽  
Pedro Iris Paulin Filho ◽  
Simoni Maria Gheno
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Contact Mode ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

AbstractRoughness increases significantly after finishing procedures. The aim of this study was to assess by the atomic force microscope (AFM) the effect of finishing instruments on the surface roughness of composite resins. A nanofiller composite resin (Filtek Supreme, 3M–F) and a microhybrid composite resin (Point 4, Kerr–P) were selected. The finishing procedures were done with a 30-blade carbide bur (C) and a 30-μm finishing diamond bur (D). Standardized specimens were produced and divided into six experimental groups (n= 4) according to (1) composite resin, (2) absence of finishing (Mylar matrix–M), and (3) finishing instrument (FM, PM, FC, FD, PC, PD). The mean surface roughness was evaluated by AFM in the contact mode. FM and PM groups were assessed statistically by the Student's T test, and FC, FD, PC, PD groups were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA), both at 5% significance. The mean surface roughness values, in nanometers, were FM, 23.63 (b); FC, 283.88 (c); FD, 510.55 (d); PM, 12.52 (a); PC, 343.98 (c); PD, 531.64 (d). Microhybrid composite displayed less roughness than nanofiller composite in the absence of finishing procedures. The 30-blade carbide bur produced less roughness compared to the extra fine diamond bur.

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