The effect of silver sulfadiazine and zinc oxide creams on dose distribution during radiotherapy.

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fackrell ◽  
D. Kirby ◽  
P. Sanghera ◽  
A. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Dose Distribution ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Silver Sulfadiazine ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Relative Electron Density ◽  
Relative Electron ◽  
Dose Measurements ◽  
Dose Difference

AbstractIntroductionThe use of metallic containing creams to prevent and treat radiodermatitis is controversial and lacking evidence base. We compare the dose effect of two metallic-based skin creams, which could be used for treating radiodermatitis, to a control.MethodologyUniversal containers of silver sulfadiazine cream, zinc oxide cream and aqueous cream were examined using a computed tomography scanner to assess their electron densities relative to water. Second, each cream was exposed to 100 kV and 6 MV photons. The relative doses were measured using an X-ray chamber.ResultsThe relative electron density measured was similar for the silver sulfadiazine and aqueous creams. Zinc oxide was 40% higher. The relative dose measurements showed that silver sulfadiazine behaved in a similar way to aqueous cream; however, zinc oxide cream exhibited a dose difference of 11·0% in kV photons and −4·1% in MV photons.ConclusionApplication of silver sulfadiazine appears unlikely to bring about significant changes in the dose distribution when compared with aqueous during MV or kV radiotherapy. While zinc oxide cream brought about more significant dose changes.

scholarly journals The effects of CT x-ray tube voltage and current variations on the relative electron density (RED) and CT number conversion curves

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bahaaeldin Afifi ◽  
A. Abdelrazek ◽  
Nashaat Ahmed Deiab ◽  
A. I. Abd El-Hafez ◽  
A. H. El-Farrash
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
Ct Number ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Relative Electron Density ◽  
Relative Electron

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of Water Phantom for Treatment Verification in High Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy of the Cervix

2019 ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Justice Avevor ◽  
Joseph Amoako ◽  
George Amoako ◽  
Samuel Nii Tagoe
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Dose Distribution ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
Intracavitary Brachytherapy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Water Phantom ◽  
Relative Electron ◽  
Dose Measurements

The aim of this study is to design and fabricate a local anatomical water phantom for dose distribution measurements during high dose rate brachytherapy of the cervix. Phantoms for dosimetry are used when there is a need to simulate the conditions of a procedure to measure dose at certain points of interest. It is dangerous to place a human being in a beam for dose measurements. Perspex (PMMA) sheets of thickness 6mm and 10mm were used for fabricating the phantom. The phantom designed is curved in shape with a predominantly 6mm thickness of the perspex material. It has a height of 41cm and breadth 31cm. The pieces of perspex material were glued to each other using Trichloromethane (chloroform) at room temperature. It is an organic compound with the formula CHCI3. A perspex sheet of 10mm was used to make one end of the phantom thicker than the other. This was done to support the reconstruction box. Two thin film holder slabs of dimensions 31.5 ×2.8 ?cm?^2 were fabricated by joining two sheets of 6 mm perspex together with the chloroform. A small cavity of 2.8 × 2.5 cm2 was created in the slab to represent the bladder and the rectum (organs at risk). These same cavities are meant to hold the detectors (films) in place for the measurement of dose to the organs at risk. The film holders with the cavities were then positioned vertically, but anterior and posterior to each other. Another holder, rectangular in shape was fabricated to hold the film holders. This holder was made from perspex sheets of thickness 6mm and 10mm with dimensions of 6.8 × 6.8 cm2. This is to allow for the distances between the bladder and the rectum to be varied during the dose measurements. It must be noted that the anatomical distance between the bladder and the rectum which are posterior and anterior to the cervix vary from patients to patients. Special clamping devices were fabricated to hold the applicators in a firm position during the intracavitary brachytherapy insertions. These special clamps were made by joining perspex of 10mm thickness in a cuboid shape; a hole was drilled in them to enable a plastic screw to lock the applicators.The relative electron density of the phantom designed was determined to be 1.069 which is comparable to water. This makes the phantom suitable for dose distribution measurements.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Acacia nilotica (L.) Extract to Overcome Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1919
Author(s):  
Elsayim Rasha ◽  
AlOthman Monerah ◽  
Alkhulaifi Manal ◽  
Ali Rehab ◽  
Doud Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Recently, concerns have been raised globally about antimicrobial resistance, the prevalence of which has increased significantly. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) is considered one of the most common resistant bacteria, which has spread to ICUs in Saudi Arabia. This study was established to investigate the antibacterial activity of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) against KPC in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we used the aqueous extract of Acacia nilotica (L.) fruits to mediate the synthesis of ZnO-NPs. The nanoparticles produced were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, zetasizer and zeta potential analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antimicrobial activity of ZnO-NPs against KPC was determined via the well diffusion method, and determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the results showed low MIC and MBC when compared with the MIC and MBC of Imipenem and Meropenem antibiotics. The results of in vitro analysis were supported by the results upon applying ZnO-NP ointment to promote wound closure of rats, which showed better wound healing than the results with imipenem ointment. The biosynthesized ZnO-NPs showed good potential for use against bacteria due to their small size, applicability, and low toxicity to human cells.

scholarly journals Scolicidal activity of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles by Mentha longifolia L. leaves against Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra H. Shnawa ◽  
Samir M. Hamad ◽  
Azeez A. Barzinjy ◽  
Payman A. Kareem ◽  
Mukhtar H. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Mentha Longifolia

AbstractCystic echinococcosis is a public health problem in developing countries that practice sheep breeding extensively. In the current study, the protoscolicidal activity of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) derived from Mentha longifolia L. leaf extracts was investigated. The resultant ZnO NPs were characterized by means of various analytical techniques, such as ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The results showed that the ZnO NP had the highest scolicidal activity at 400 ppm concentration after 150 min of exposure time, showing 100% mortality rate. The treated protoscolices exhibited loss of viability with several morphological alterations. Hence, an easy and effective green synthesis of ZnO NPs, with efficient scolicidal potential, is reported in this study.

550 A retrospective Study of a Zinc-oxide/dimethicone for Pediatric Perineal Burn Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S123-S124
Author(s):  
Waseem Diab ◽  
Elika Ridelman ◽  
Dawn Cloutier ◽  
Lisa C Vitale ◽  
Justin D Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Silver Sulfadiazine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Burn Center ◽  
At Home

Abstract Introduction Silver-based treatments have seen widespread use for the management of burns. Recent literature, however, has demonstrated silver nanoparticles may negatively impact healing time due to its toxic effect on keratinocytes and fibroblasts at higher concentrations. At our institution, an ABA-verified pediatric burn center, the use of a silver sulfadiazine cream for management of post-discharge perineal and genital burn wounds has been replaced by a zinc-oxide/dimethicone spray-on solution initiated for its comparative ease of use. The dimethicone allows the spray to be occlusive without interfering with clothing, yet easily removed. We believed this would improve compliance with at-home treatments. Zinc-oxide’s antimicrobial activity has been demonstrated in vitro and the results from animal studies are promising for burn management. This is the first study of zinc-oxide’s efficacy as a burn management agent in humans. Our burn center’s experience with both silver sulfadiazine and zinc-oxide/dimethicone creates an opportunity to compare these products for the treatment of burn wounds. We sought to analyze the time to healing of burns treated by silver sulfadiazine against zinc-oxide/dimethicone in order to determine if zinc-oxide/dimethicone, in its easy-to-use form, is a viable alternative to silver sulfadiazine. Methods A retrospective review of medical records was conducted at a large pediatric verified burn center. Data on 98 patients was collected from the burn registry and electronic medical records. 58 patients received silver sulfadiazine while 40 received zinc-oxide/dimethicone. Four patients were removed from the silver sulfadiazine group due to incomplete data. All patients were initially treated by the burn team with follow up in burn clinic on a weekly basis until healing was achieved. Results Time to healing was significantly lower in the zinc-oxide/dimethicone intervention group (10.61 +/- .918 days) than the silver sulfadiazine control group (16.88 +/- 2.134 days). The silver sulfadiazine group contained patients with total body surface area burns significantly greater than the zinc-oxide/dimethicone group (mean: 11.57% versus 6.64%); likely due to selective treatment when zinc-oxide/dimethicone was first introduced at our facility. Differences in depth and size of burn wounds may have confound our results and negatively impacted healing time in the control group. No infection, allergic reaction, or other adverse events were noted in any patient. Conclusions Zinc-oxide/dimethicone had a significantly lower healing time than silver sulfadiazine in the treatment of at-home, post-discharge 2nd degree pediatric burns to the perineum, genitalia, suprapubis, and buttocks. Further study is needed to quantify its efficacy.

scholarly journals ZnWO4 Nanoparticle Scintillators for High Resolution X-ray Imaging

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1721
Author(s):  
Heon Yong Jeong ◽  
Hyung San Lim ◽  
Ju Hyuk Lee ◽  
Jun Heo ◽  
Hyun Nam Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Average Size ◽  
And Tungsten

The effect of scintillator particle size on high-resolution X-ray imaging was studied using zinc tungstate (ZnWO4) particles. The ZnWO4 particles were fabricated through a solid-state reaction between zinc oxide and tungsten oxide at various temperatures, producing particles with average sizes of 176.4 nm, 626.7 nm, and 2.127 μm; the zinc oxide and tungsten oxide were created using anodization. The spatial resolutions of high-resolution X-ray images, obtained from utilizing the fabricated particles, were determined: particles with the average size of 176.4 nm produced the highest spatial resolution. The results demonstrate that high spatial resolution can be obtained from ZnWO4 nanoparticle scintillators that minimize optical diffusion by having a particle size that is smaller than the emission wavelength.

Dose distribution from x-ray microbeam arrays applied to radiation therapy: An EGS4 Monte Carlo study

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 2455-2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. De Felici ◽  
R. Felici ◽  
M. Sanchez del Rio ◽  
C. Ferrero ◽  
T. Bacarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Dose Distribution ◽  
Monte Carlo Study ◽  
X Ray

A Study of the Interactions Between Oligoamidephosphate (OAPh) and Curatives in a Sulphenamide-Accelerated Sulphur Vulcanizing System

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todorka G. Vladkova ◽  
Alexander Chr. Alaminov ◽  
Milka G. Pankova
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulphur Vulcanization

Abstract The possible interactions between oligoamidephosphate (OAPli) and the curatives of a sulphenamide-accelerated sulphur vulcanizing system were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, IR-spectroscopy, and X-ray analysis. The interactions in double mixtures were between OAPh and zinc oxide (ZnO) and OAPh and sulphur. The OAPh/ZnO interaction that starts at room temperature seems to be the key for understanding the peculiarities of sulphenamide-accelerated sulphur vulcanization in the presence of OAPh.

In situ sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the reaction of zinc oxide with hydrogen sulfide

1996 ◽  
pp. 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Evans ◽  
Judith M. Corker ◽  
Clive E. Hayter ◽  
Richard J. Oldman ◽  
B. Peter Williams
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Quaternary Equiatomic Compounds LnZnSbO (Ln = La - Nd, Sm) with ZrCuSiAs-Type Structure

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1467-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Wollesen ◽  
Joachim W. Kaiser ◽  
Wolfgang Jeitschko
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Type Structure ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
Cold Pressed

Abstract The five compounds LnZnSbO (Ln = La - Nd, Sm) were prepared by annealing cold-pressed pellets of the lanthanoids, zinc oxide, and antimony, or by reacting these components in a NaCl/KCl flux. They crystallize with the tetragonal ZrCuSiAs type structure, which was refined from single-crystal X-ray data of CeZnSbO : P 4/nmm, a = 419.76(4), c = 947.4(1) pm, Z = 2, R = 0.022 for 165 structure factors and 12 variable parameters. Chemical bonding in this and the formally isotypic compound CeZn1-xSb2 is briefly discussed.

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