The obesity risk gene FTO influences body mass in chronic schizophrenia but not initial antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain in first-episode patients

Abstract Genetic factors contribute to the individual variability in weight gain caused by several antipsychotic drugs. The FTO gene is associated with obesity in the general population; we have investigated whether a common risk polymorphism (rs9939609) in this gene is associated with antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain and obesity. Two samples were studied: (1) 93 first-episode patients receiving antipsychotic drugs for the first time and having body weight monitored for up to 12 months; (2) 187 chronic patients with schizophrenia assessed for measures of obesity and metabolic dysfunction. No association of FTO genotype with weight gain was found in initially drug-naive patients. The chronically treated patients had a significant association of genotype with body mass index (BMI), reflected in associations with waist circumference, waist:hip ratio and the frequency of central obesity. These findings indicate that FTO genotype has a major effect on body weight determined by BMI in chronically treated patients with schizophrenia.

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Polymorphisms of the 5-HT2C receptor and leptin genes are associated with antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain in Caucasian subjects with a first-episode psychosis

Pharmacogenetics and Genomics ◽

10.1097/01213011-200504000-00002 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 195-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 199

Author(s):

Lucy A. Templeman ◽

Gavin P. Reynolds ◽

Belen Arranz ◽

Luis San

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Antipsychotic Drug ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Episode Psychosis

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of The role of thermogenesis in antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1148188.605325 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Shaun Morrison ◽

Christopher Madden

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Antipsychotic Drug ◽

Drug Induced

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PS20 - 95. Antipsychotic drug induced weight gain and insulin resistance: personality as a risk factor

Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Diabetologie ◽

10.1007/s12467-012-0129-5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 166-167

Author(s):

Simon Evers ◽

Marianne Adema ◽

Jacolien Graver ◽

Gertjan van Dijk ◽

Anton Scheurink

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Antipsychotic Drug ◽

Drug Induced

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Modification in body weight associated with antiepileptic drugs

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2010000200024 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 277-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Camilla N. De Gaspari ◽

Carlos A.M. Guerreiro

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Antiepileptic Drugs ◽

Body Mass ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Body Weight Changes ◽

Epileptic Patients

Antiepileptic drugs (AED) may cause body weight changes. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dietary habits and body weight associated with AED in epileptic patients. METHOD: Sixty-six patients were subjected to two interviews, and had their weight and body mass index calculated and compared at both times, interval between six to eight months. RESULTS: It was observed that 59.1% showed weight gain. The patients who had no weight gain had a greater proportion of individuals who engaged in some form of physical activity. However, of the 45 patients who maintained their initial dietary and medication pattern, 75.6% recorded a weight gain. Weight gain was seen in 66.7% of patients on carbamazepine (n=18), 60% on valproate (n=5), 50% on carbamazepine+clobazam treatment (n=14), and 58.3% of patients on other(s) polytherapy (n=12). CONCLUSION: The patient should be alerted to possible weight gain, and should be advised about dieting and participating in regular physical activity.

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S201. HIPPOCAMPAL SUBFIELD VOLUMES AND CHANGE IN BODY MASS OVER 12 MONTHS OF TREATMENT IN FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S114-S115

Author(s):

Stéfan Du Plessis ◽

Hilmar Luckhoff ◽

Sanja Kilian ◽

Laila Asmal ◽

Frederika Scheffler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Mass ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

First Episode ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Hippocampal Subfields ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia

Abstract Background In this study, we explored the relationship between hippocampal subfield volumes and change in body mass over 12 months of treatment in 90 first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients (66 males, 24 females; mean age= 24.7±6.8 years). Methods Body mass index was assessed in patients at baseline, and at months 3, 6, 9 and 12. Hippocampal subfields of interest were assessed using a segmentation algorithm included in the FreeSurfer 6.0 software program. Results Linear regression analysis showed a significant interactive effect between sex and anterior hippocampus size as a predictor of change in body mass over 12 months, adjusting for age, substance use, treatment duration, and posterior hippocampal volumes. In an exploratory sub-analysis, partial correlations revealed a significant association between weight gain and smaller CA1, CA3 and subiculum volumes in females, but not males, adjusting for age and substance use, with similar trends evident for the CA4 and presubiculum subfields. Discussion In conclusion, our findings suggest that smaller anterior hippocampal subfields are associated with the development of weight gain over the course of treatment in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders in a sex-specific fashion, and may partly explain the more severe and ongoing increase in body mass evident for female patients.

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Association Between Common Variants Near the Melanocortin 4 Receptor Gene and Severe Antipsychotic Drug–Induced Weight Gain

Archives of General Psychiatry ◽

10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.191 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 69 (9) ◽

pp. 904 ◽

Cited By ~ 114

Author(s):

Anil K. Malhotra

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Antipsychotic Drug ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Common Variants ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽

Melanocortin 4 Receptor Gene

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The Psychology of Food Cravings in Patients With First-Episode Psychosis

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.587486 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Young-Hyuk Kim ◽

Seunghyong Ryu ◽

Hee-Jung Nam ◽

Mina Kim ◽

Min Jhon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

Psychological Characteristics ◽

First Episode ◽

Loss Of Control ◽

Food Cravings ◽

Significant Weight Gain ◽

Episode Psychosis

Objectives: Food cravings may cause weight gain in patients with schizophrenia. This study investigated psychological characteristics associated with food cravings in patients with first-episode psychosis.Methods: This study analyzed data from a clinical cohort of first-episode psychosis patients taking antipsychotics for 3 months or less. The strength of food cravings was measured using the General Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait (G-FCQ-T). Psychological characteristics and psychiatric symptoms were investigated with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Clinical characteristics were compared according to significant weight gain (≥10% increase in body weight compared to baseline) over 3 months. Associations between the G-FCQ-T and other psychiatric scales were investigated. We conducted sex-stratified analyses.Results: In total, 182 patients (78 males and 104 females) with first-episode psychosis were enrolled in this study. In females, the G-FCQ-T total score at baseline was associated with baseline body weight and significant weight gain over 3 months. The PSS scales were significantly associated the G-FCQ-T total and all subscale scores in female participants. Scores on the RSES and CDSS were significantly associated with the G-FCQ-T total score and with the preoccupation and loss of control subscale scores. The PANSS negative and general subscales were significantly associated with the positive outcome expectancy and loss of control subscales of the G-FCQ-T, respectively. In males, the only significant association was between the loss of control subscale and RSES scores. Linear regression analysis showed significant associations of PSS scores with the total and all subscale scores of the G-FCQ-T despite the loss of significance for other variables.Conclusion: These results indicate that the food cravings in patients with first-episode psychosis, which were associated with weight gain, were influenced by perceived stress in females. To reduce food cravings in female patients with schizophrenia, interventions aimed at perceived stress should be considered.

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Are Leptin and Cytokines Involved in Body Weight Gain during Treatment with Antipsychotic Drugs?

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674370204700805 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

pp. 742-749 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Trino Baptista ◽

Serge Beaulieu

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Antipsychotic Drugs ◽

Causal Relation ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Metabolism Regulation ◽

Tnf Α

Objective: To critically review published literature on the causal association between leptin, cytokines, and excessive body weight gain (BWG) induced by antipsychotic drugs (APs). Methods: We completed a Medline search using the words leptin, cytokines, antipsychotic drugs, neuroleptics, psychotropic drugs, weight gain, and obesity. We also included our empirical research on this topic in the discussion. We examined the relation between leptin, cytokines (mainly tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and its soluble receptors), and AP-induced BWG, using the biological sciences' current theories of causality. Results: In the general field of weight regulation, there is scarce experimental evidence that leptin or TNF-α by themselves can induce obesity. Serum levels of leptin and TNF-α rather increase simultaneously as BWG occurs. This has also been reported during AP-induced BWG, with the equivocal exception of a study with clozapine. Some researchers have suggested that the absence of the expected correlation between leptin and body mass index (BMI) or serum insulin levels, and the lack of sex-related differences in leptin levels in AP-treated patients, may point to a causal relation. This contention requires more experimental support. In addition, future clinical studies must carefully control for sex and BMI. Conclusions: No conclusive evidence has been provided that leptin or TNF-α may induce obesity either in drug-free subjects or in AP-treated patients. In most cases, the elevated serum levels of these hormones appear to be a consequence rather than a cause of obesity. That does not mean that such an elevation is innocuous, since it may impair blood pressure and also carbohydrate and lipid metabolism regulation. Hence, all efforts should be made to prevent or attenuate BWG during treatment with APs.

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