scholarly journals Introduction to the Symposium Issue on Structural Issues at the World Trade Organisation

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
JOSEPH FRANCOIS ◽  
BERNARD HOEKMAN
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
George Washington ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Seventh Framework Programme ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Washington University

The papers in this Symposium issue complement two other compilations of research on the multilateral trading system published in Evenett and Hoekman (2006) and Hoekman and Vines (2007) and are a final output of the UK Department for International Development supported Global Trade and Financial Architecture project. The genesis of this Symposium was a CEPR workshop hosted by the OECD in March 2012 with support from DG Research (grant: PEGGED Collaborative Projects under the EU's Seventh Framework Programme, Contract no. SSH-CT-2008-217559). Draft papers were presented at a conference at the Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University, hosted by Michael Moore in April 2013. We are very grateful to Frank van Tongeren at the OECD and Mike Moore at the Elliott School for their support of the meetings, to Michelle Chester and Rebecca Martin at the World Bank for help with logistics, to the participants in both events, especially the discussants, and to Alan Winters and an anonymous referee for comments on the submitted papers.

scholarly journals Will International Rules on Subsidies Disrupt the World Trading System?

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Bagwell ◽  
Robert W Staiger
Keyword(s):  
Market Access ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
World Trading System ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Multilateral Trading System

We provide a first formal analysis of the international rules that govern the use of subsidies to domestic production. Our analysis highlights the impact of the new subsidy disciplines that were added to GATT rules with the creation of the WTO. While GATT subsidy rules were typically viewed as weak and inadequate, our results suggest that the key changes introduced by the WTO subsidy rules may ultimately do more harm than good to the multilateral trading system by undermining the ability of tariff negotiations to serve as the mechanism for expanding market access to more efficient levels.

scholarly journals WTO REFORM: BACKGROUND, CONDITIONS AND PROSPECTS

2016 ◽  
pp. 239-248
Author(s):  
T. M. Isachenko
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
International Division ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Main Regulator ◽  
The Multilateral Trading System

Maximizing the benefits of international division of labor and sharing the achievements of innovative development is possible only with the existence of a strict system of rules and regulations. Such system would enable fair regulation of international trade, ensure the transparency of market access and make it possible to challenge discriminatory measures, as well as to maintain certain measures to protect the interests of domestic producers. The creation of the multilateral trading system has started with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and was subsequently developed in the documents and codes, the decisions of the negotiating rounds. Since 1995, a set of rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO) became the basis of the multilateral trading system. All rules are worked out at the multilateral level. However, in recent years the negotiations within the WTO has slowed down, that affected the quality and speed of decision-making on key issues of global development. That provokes the discussion it on a certain crisis of the WTO as the main regulator of world trade, and therefore the need to provide both institutional and substantive reforms.

The Long and Winding Road – Path Towards Facilitation of Development in the WTO: Reflections on the Doha Round and Beyond

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Shik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Institutional Frameworks ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Gap

AbstractThe current multilateral trading system under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO) displays a substantial development gap in the regulatory and institutional frameworks. The Doha Round negotiations, which was initiated to promote development interests under the Doha Development Agenda (DDA), have not been concluded for over 14 years, raising doubts about the ability of the WTO system to promote development interests effectively. While the Doha Round was sluggish for a number of years, regional trade agreements, which currently include every WTO Member, have been proliferated, creating significant implications for developing countries. This article examines the development of the Doha Round, analyzes the causes of its impasse, and explores its future prospects. The article also discusses the development gap in the current trading system and advances reform proposals to fill the gap in the system.

scholarly journals Biased Policy Professionals

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheheryar Banuri ◽  
Stefan Dercon ◽  
Varun Gauri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
International Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Private Capacity ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Subject Pool ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Although the decisions of policy professionals are often more consequential than those of individuals in their private capacity, there is a dearth of studies on the biases of policy professionals: those who prepare and implement policy on behalf of elected politicians. Experiments conducted on a novel subject pool of development policy professionals (public servants of the World Bank and the Department for International Development in the UK) show that policy professionals are indeed subject to decision-making traps, including the effects of framing outcomes as losses or gains, and, most strikingly, confirmation bias driven by ideological predisposition, despite having an explicit mission to promote evidence-informed and impartial decision making. These findings should worry policy professionals and their principals in governments and large organizations, as well as citizens themselves. A further experiment, in which policy professionals engage in discussion, shows that deliberation may be able to mitigate the effects of some of these biases.

Prospects for global trade in 2020-24

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
China Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World

Subject Prospects for global trade in 2020-24. Significance US-China competition and a ‘populist backlash’ against trade in advanced nations are intensifying fears that the world is entering de-globalisation. World trade volumes are expected to grow modestly in 2019 and 2020, while the US-China trade conflict roils the multilateral trading system and global value chains, harming investment and job creation.

A new international focus for the RCS

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 345-345
Author(s):  
John Getty
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Global Level ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Surgical Innovation ◽  
European Working ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

The College is an inherently international organisation with international interests: around a quarter of our total membership resides abroad in 99 countries. The movement of doctors and patients and the development of surgical innovation have a great impact on surgery in this country. In addition, the coalition government has cited health and overseas development as the two key areas for ring-fenced resourcing. Increasingly, policy and safety initiatives at both the EU and the global level (such as the European Working Time Regulations and the World Health Organization's safer surgery checklist) demonstrate that an appreciation, understanding of and active engagement in international affairs can be usefully brought to bear on advancing surgical standards in the UK, to the benefit of our fellows and members, and ultimately their patients.

India—Certain Measures Relating to Solar Cells and Solar Modules

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherzod Shadikhodjaev
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Compliance Issue

In a proceeding that challenged the domestic content requirements (DCRs) of India's solar energy program, the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization (WTO) upheld the panel determination that the Indian government's measures violated its international obligations. The decision offers new insights into certain exceptions for environmental policies under the multilateral trading system and elaborates on the relevance of other international legal regimes to the compliance issue under WTO law. Further, it has the potential to increase export opportunities of many countries in the Indian renewable energy market.

The Disadvantage of Membership: How Joining the GATT/WTO Undermines GSP

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER L. TOBIN ◽  
MARC L. BUSCH
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Poor Country ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Generalized System ◽  
Generalized System Of Preferences ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
Gravity Model Of Trade

AbstractScholars and policymakers have long debated whether the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) enhances development through increased trade – i.e., whether the program is effective as a form of ‘trade-as-aid’. We argue that, by itself, GSP increases poor-country exports, but that when recipients join the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) or its successor, the World Trade Organization (WTO), they realizefewerimports, and less gains in total trade, than GSP recipients that do not join the multilateral trading system. The logic is that GATT/WTO membership makes GSP more predictable by making it non-discriminatory, in the sense that exporters in recipient countries are less vulnerable to the program's ad hoc conditionality. This leads these exporters to lobby less against domestic protectionism, yielding higher trade barriers at home, and thus fewer imports. We test this hypothesis using a gravity model of trade, and data on all GSP programs, and find strong support for the argument that the GATT/WTO's interaction with GSP undermines trade.

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