scholarly journals About time: gender equality in Malta's working-time regime?

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Camilleri-Cassar
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Unpaid Care

To what extent does Malta's social policy support gender equality, in the use of time? How much do state policies assume that men and women both need time to care, as well as for paid work? Does Malta's full-time paid work structure allow time for the equal sharing of unpaid care responsibilities between women and men, that in turn enhances gender equity in the workplace and domestic sphere? Themes that emerge in the study rest largely on women's voices. The study finds that women need to shift their full-time economic activity to shorter and flexible working hours when they become mothers, with negative consequences of loss in income and career regression. Labour market exit and financial dependence on men is also a frequent occurrence. The findings of the study suggest that strong pressure to assume traditional roles is embedded not only in Maltese culture and social norms, but also in the state's own social policy.

Transforming care work and care jobs for the future of decent work

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Laura Addati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Care Work ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
The Future ◽  
Keynote Speech ◽  
Policy Work

The article is an edited version of a keynote speech given at the 2019 Global Carework Summit and highlights the findings of the International Labour Organization report Care Work and Care Jobs for the Future of Decent Work. It takes a comprehensive look at the nexus between unpaid care work, paid work and paid care work, and its contributions to the future of work debates and global policy work around the achievement of gender equality.

scholarly journals The “Silent Reserves” of the Patriarchal Chinese Welfare System: Women as “Hidden” Contributors to Chinese Social Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5267
Author(s):  
Yingqi Wang ◽  
Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Scholars of social inequality in China have commonly concentrated on strata-related social welfare systems that divide the population into urban and rural dwellers, and additionally, into different welfare classes such as civil servants, employees, and migrant workers. Following Esping-Andersen, Siaroff, Sainsbury, and others, this paper brings the perspective of “gendering welfare” into the study of Chinese social policy. Focusing upon two major social policy branches in China—the old age pension insurance system and care services within the household—it discusses the role of Chinese women in these two fields. Through a gender-sensitive analysis, this paper elaborates the social phenomenon of “silent reserves” (namely, women) within the Chinese welfare regime. While women assume a crucial role in intrafamily care services, constituting the chief contributors of long-term care and childcare, their care contributions at home are not recognized as “social achievements” and are not monetarily compensated by the patriarchal Chinese welfare state. In addition, this paper argues that women are systematically disadvantaged by pension insurance arrangements. Furthermore, the individualization of care services in the intrafamily context weakens the pension entitlements of women, since their unpaid care constrains their ability to maintain full-time jobs in the labor market.

scholarly journals ‘You End Up with Nothing’: The Experience of Being a Statistic of ‘In-Work Poverty’ in the UK

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo McBride ◽  
Andrew Smith ◽  
Marcell Mbala
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Recent Growth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Low Pay ◽  
Nourishing Food

Set in the context of the recent unprecedented upsurge of in-work poverty (IWP) in the UK – which currently exceeds out of work poverty – this article presents an account of the realities of experiencing poverty and being employed. Central issues of low-pay, limited working hours, underemployment and constrained employment opportunities combine to generate severe financial complexities and challenges. This testimony, taken comparatively over a year, reveals the experiences of, not only IWP, but of deep poverty, and of having insufficient wages to fulfil the basic essentials of nourishing food and adequate clothing. This article contributes to current academic and social policy debates around low-paid work, IWP, the use of foodbanks and underemployment. New dimensions are offered regarding worker vulnerabilities, given the recent growth of the IWP phenomenon.

scholarly journals Changes in Job Situations for Women Workforce in Construction during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bee Lan Oo ◽  
Benson Teck Heng Lim
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Work Location ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Negative Impacts

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced unique circumstances to women workforce in construction including the need to work from home, changes in job situations and family responsibilities following the lockdowns. This exploratory study was conducted around six months into the pandemic in examining the changes of their job situations, and their perceptions of career aspects during the pandemic. The results show that most respondents were employed full-time at the time of survey, and that there were profound changes to their work location and working hours including working from home and worked more hours than usual. Their perceived negative impacts of the pandemic on their capacity to engage in paid work activities due to caring responsibilities, pay or earnings, job security, and career progression and advancement are modest. They were also seemingly confident in staying in their job in the next 12-month. Their perceptions have been found significantly associated with their age, education level, and years of experience in the industry. These findings provide a critical insight on women’s job situations in the industry during the pandemic, with implications for human resource practices towards addressing the challenges in retention of women workforce during and post COVID-19 pandemic.

The impact of long working hours on the health of German employees

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 217-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grit Müller ◽  
Anita Tisch ◽  
Anne Marit Wöhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Psychosomatic Health ◽  
Flexible Working Hours ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

Excessive working hours have negative consequences for employees’ health. Looking deeper into this problem, this article examines how employers’ needs for more intense working or more flexible working hours affect their employees’ psychosomatic health. A German representative survey of 13,452 full-time employees found that long working hours, work intensity (deadline and performance pressure) and flexibility requirements (permanent availability, changes in working hours) were significantly related to psychosomatic health complaints. When considering future work design and practices, these findings show which unfavourable working conditions are to be avoided to maintain the psychosomatic health of employees.

scholarly journals Reducing Barriers to Engaged Fatherhood: Three Principles for Promoting Gender Equity in Parenting

2021 ◽  
pp. 299-325
Author(s):  
Hannah Riley Bowles ◽  
Milton Kotelchuck ◽  
Marc Grau Grau
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Organizational Leaders ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
National Collaboration ◽  
Cross National

AbstractThe purpose of this concluding chapter is to offer scholars, policy makers, and organizational leaders a preliminary framework for diagnosing barriers to engaged fatherhood and for generating policies, programs, and behavioral interventions to promote gender equity in parenting. We start by reviewing the case for engaged fatherhood to support the health and welfare of men and their families and to regain momentum in the stalled revolution toward gender equality. Building from the cross-disciplinary and cross-national collaboration that led to the construction of this edited volume, we propose three working principles for reducing the barriers to engaged fatherhood: (1) create individual, non-transferable parenting resources explicitly for fathers, (2) reduce economic conflicts between breadwinning and caregiving, and (3) build supportive social networks for engaged fatherhood. We explain how these principles apply to social policy, as well as to work and healthcare practices—the three fields of scholarship and practice represented at our original Fatherhood Experts Meeting. We conclude with suggestions for further cross-disciplinary, cross-cultural collaboration to enhance engaged fatherhood.

scholarly journals What Comes after Caring? The Impact of Family Care on Women’s Employment

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1387-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Ehrlich ◽  
Katja Möhring ◽  
Sonja Drobnič
Keyword(s):  
Family Care ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Shared Frailty ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Extensive Family

Previous research has shown that women providing family care tend to decrease paid work. We take the opposite perspective and examine how current and previous family care tasks influence women’s likelihood to (re-)enter employment or to increase working hours. Family care is defined as caring for an ill, disabled or frail elderly partner, parent, or other family member. Using German Socio-Economic Panel data, we apply Cox shared frailty regression modeling to analyze transitions (1) into paid work and (2) from part-time to full-time work among women aged 25–59. The results indicate that in the German policy context, part-time working women providing extensive family care have a lower propensity to increase working hours. When family care ends, the likelihood that part-time working women change to full-time does not increase. Homemaking women’s likelihood of entering the workforce is not influenced by either current or previous family care tasks.

Gender Equality and the European Employment Strategy: The Work/Family Balance Debate

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita León
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Family Balance ◽  
Work Family Balance ◽  
Work Family ◽  
The Cost

This paper explores understandings of gender equality within the context of work/family balance strategies embedded in the European Employment Strategy (EES). The article compares developments in childcare provision with parental leave drawing the conclusion that while increasing childcare provision is a clear priority for the European Employment Strategy, parental leave and other measures aimed at balancing time spent on paid work and unpaid care are not given equal concern. Work/family balance strategies are primarily intended to facilitate the engagement of young mothers in the labour market by offering public childcare provision; this is done at the cost of not exploring other more far-reaching and complex understandings of the work/family conflict.

Women and Entrepreneurship – Albanian Case

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Anna Xheka
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women’S Entrepreneurship ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Women's Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Difference

Women’s entrepreneurship is a powerful source, regarding to the women’s economic independence and empowerment, as well as regarding employment generation, economic growth and innovation, development and the reduction of poverty as well as one of the terms of gender equality. This poster presents the situation of women's entrepreneurship in Europe in comparative terms, with special focus in Albania. The paper has a descriptive nature. Describes three different plans in comparative terms; the representation of men and women in entrepreneurship, the representation of women in entrepreneurship in different countries of Europe and of Europe as a whole, as well as compare to gender quota. Through the processing of secondary data from various reports and studies, this poster concludes that although that the gender equality goal is the equal participation of men and women in all sectors, including the entrepreneurship, in this sector, gender gap it is still deep. Another significant comparative aspect, it is the difference between full and part –time women entrepreneurship. While in full time entrepreneurship in a convince way, men are those that dominate, in part time entrepreneurship clearly it’s evident the opposite trend, women's representation is much higher. It’s very interesting the fact, that the women’s entrepreneurship in Albania, presented in a significant optimistic situation, ranking in the second place, after Greece in the European level

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