A multi-trait characterization of the ‘Friariello’ landrace: a Mediterranean resource for sweet pepper breeding

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Parisi ◽  
Francesco Di Dato ◽  
Sara Ricci ◽  
Giuseppe Mennella ◽  
Teodoro Cardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Pepper Breeding

Landraces are an important resource for crop breeding, due to their resilience and content of quality traits. However, genetic and phenotypic variability needs to be carefully characterized for proper direct and indirect use. In the present study, a multidisciplinary approach was carried out to assess the Italian sweet pepper landrace ‘Friariello’. A total of 18 traditional accessions were compared with five hybrids and two ecotypes with similar fruit typology. Genetic and morpho-agronomic characterization allowed us to distinguish five different group types of ‘Friariello’. Accessions showing two/three lobes at the blossom end of the fruit were found to be the most productive, whereas the genotypes showing one/two lobes at the blossom end were the most homogeneous. A total of 167 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified in the collection analysed. Moreover, of the 37 targeted VOCs, 29 showed significant differences in content among the pepper genotypes studied. Of such VOCs related to main flavours described for pepper in the literature, ten were found to be the major determinants of variability among the derived ‘Friariello’ groups. A slightly negative, albeit not significant, correlation was observed between ascorbic acid (AsA) content and agronomic traits, suggesting a better quality for less productive accessions, but also the possibility to improve yield without significantly reducing the AsA levels. The approach used allowed us to define how the different typologies can be used for different breeding purposes, integrating the peculiar properties in order to establish a desirable landrace ideotype. Furthermore, valuable sources for improving quality traits in pepper breeding were identified.

scholarly journals Biochemical Characterization of Traditional Varieties of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) of the Campania Region, Southern Italy

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florinda Fratianni ◽  
Antonio d’Acierno ◽  
Autilia Cozzolino ◽  
Patrizia Spigno ◽  
Riccardo Riccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Polyphenol Profile ◽  
Red Variety ◽  
Β Carotene

Bioactive compounds of different Campania native sweet pepper varieties were evaluated. Polyphenols ranged between 1.37 mmol g−1 and 3.42 mmol g−1, β-carotene was abundant in the red variety “Cazzone” (7.05 μg g−1). Yellow and red varieties showed a content of ascorbic acid not inferior to 0.82 mg g−1, while in some green varieties the presence of ascorbic acid was almost inconsistent. Interrelationships between the parameters analyzed and the varieties showed that ascorbic acid could represent the factor mostly influencing the antioxidant activity. Polyphenol profile was different among the varieties, with a general prevalence of acidic phenols in yellow varieties and of flavonoids in red varieties. Principal Component Analysis, applied to ascorbic acid, total polyphenols and β-carotene, revealed that two of the green varieties (“Friariello napoletano” and “Friariello Sigaretta”) were well clustered and that the yellow variety “Corno di capra” showed similarity with the green varieties, in particular with “Friariello Nocerese”. This was confirmed by the interrelationships applied to polyphenol composition, which let us to light on a clustering of several red and yellow varieties, and that mainly the yellow ”Corno di capra” was closer to the green varieties of “Friariello”.

scholarly journals Morphological and reproductive characterization of nascent allotetraploids cross-compatible with cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandler Levinson ◽  
Ye Chu ◽  
Xuelin Luo ◽  
H. Thomas Stalker ◽  
Dongying Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Leaf Hairiness ◽  
Wild Diploid Species

AbstractPeanut improvement is limited by a narrow genetic base. However, this obstacle can be circumvented by incorporating phenotypic variability from wild, diploid Arachis species through interspecific hybridizations. In this study, four allotetraploid interspecific hybrids IpaCor4x (A. ipaensis × A. correntina), IpaDur4x (A. ipaensis × A. duranensis), IpaSten4x (A. ipaensis × A. stenosperma), and ValSten4x (A. valida × A. stenosperma) were created and morphologically characterized through the following parameters: flower count, flower size, flower banner pigmentation, leaf area and weight, leaf hairiness, main stem height, internode length, percent of reproductive nodes, biomass, 100 pod weight, and 100 seed weight. For every trait, except for flower banner absorption at 380 nm, at least one or more allotetraploids differed from the cultivated peanut control. In general, these allotetraploids had a greater production of flowers during the growing season, larger flowers, larger and hairier leaves, taller main stems, longer primary laterals, longer internodes, lower percentage of reproductive nodes, heavier plant body masses, and smaller seeds and pods. This phenotypic diversity can be utilized directly in ornamental and forage breeding, while for oil and food crop breeding, this diversity will likely need to be selected against while desirable traits such as disease and insect resistance and abiotic stress tolerances derived from the wild diploid species are maintained.

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoplates by a Seed-mediated Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Ngọc Tuan Anh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Silver Nanoplates ◽  
Seed Mediated

Silver nanoplates (SNPs) having different size were synthesized by a seed-mediated method. The seeds -silver nanoparticles with 4 – 6 nm diameters were synthesized first by reducing silver nitrate with sodium borohydride in the present of Trisodium Citrate and Hydrogen peroxide. Then these seeds were developed by continue reducing Ag\(^+\) ions with various amount of L-Ascorbic acid to form SNPs. Our analysis showed that the concentratrion of L-Ascorbic acid, a secondary reducing agent, played an important role to form SNPs. In addition, the size and in-plane dipole plasmon resonance wavelenght of silver nanoplates were increased when the concentration of added silver nitrate increased. The characterization of SNPs were studied by UV-Vis, FE-SEM, EDS and TEM methods.

Characterization of Ascorbic Acid Uptake by Isolated Rat Kidney Cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delores M. Bowers-Komro ◽  
Donald B. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Isolated Rat Kidney ◽  
Isolated Rat

scholarly journals Application of Innovative TGA/Chemometric Approach for Forensic Purposes: The Estimation of the Time since Death in Contaminated Specimens

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Roberta Risoluti ◽  
Giuseppina Gullifa ◽  
Vittorio Fineschi ◽  
Paola Frati ◽  
Stefano Materazzi
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Vitreous Humor ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Time Since Death ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Chemometric Approach ◽  
Postmortem Examinations

Chronothanatology has always been a challenge in forensic sciences. Therefore, the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for the characterization of matrices (organs, tissues, or fluids) that respond linearly to the postmortem interval (PMI) is emerging increasingly. The vitreous humor is particularly suitable for studies aimed at assessing time-related modifications because it is topographically isolated and well-protected. In this work, a novel approach based on thermogravimetry and chemometrics was used to estimate the time since death in the vitreous humor and to collect a databank of samples derived from postmortem examinations after medico–legal evaluation. In this study, contaminated and uncontaminated specimens with tissue fragments were included in order to develop a classification model to predict time of death based on partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) that was as robust as possible. Results demonstrate the possibility to correctly predict the PMI even in contaminated samples, with an accuracy not lower than 70%. In addition, the correlation coefficient of the measured versus predicted outcomes was found to be 0.9978, confirming the ability of the model to extend its feasibility even to such situations involving contaminated vitreous humor.

scholarly journals Genetic mapping and transcriptomic characterization of a new fuzzless-tufted cottonseed mutant

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian-Hao Zhu ◽  
Warwick Stiller ◽  
Philippe Moncuquet ◽  
Stuart Gordon ◽  
Yuman Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Mutant Phenotype ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis

Abstract Fiber mutants are unique and valuable resources for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling initiation and development of cotton fibers that are extremely elongated single epidermal cells protruding from the seed coat of cottonseeds. In this study, we reported a new fuzzless-tufted cotton mutant (Gossypium hirsutum) and showed that fuzzless-tufted near-isogenic lines (NILs) had similar agronomic traits and a higher ginning efficiency compared to their recurrent parents with normal fuzzy seeds. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype is determined by a single incomplete dominant locus, designated N5. The mutation was fine mapped to an approximately 250-kb interval containing 33 annotated genes using a combination of bulked segregant sequencing, SNP chip genotyping, and fine mapping. Comparative transcriptomic analysis using 0–6 days post-anthesis (dpa) ovules from NILs segregating for the phenotypes of fuzzless-tufted (mutant) and normal fuzzy cottonseeds (wild-type) uncovered candidate genes responsible for the mutant phenotype. It also revealed that the flanking region of the N5 locus is enriched with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mutant and wild-type. Several of those DEGs are members of the gene families with demonstrated roles in cell initiation and elongation, such as calcium-dependent protein kinase and expansin. The transcriptome landscape of the mutant was significantly reprogrammed in the 6 dpa ovules and, to a less extent, in the 0 dpa ovules, but not in the 2 and 4 dpa ovules. At both 0 and 6 dpa, the reprogrammed mutant transcriptome was mainly associated with cell wall modifications and transmembrane transportation, while transcription factor activity was significantly altered in the 6 dpa mutant ovules. These results imply a similar molecular basis for initiation of lint and fuzz fibers despite certain differences.

scholarly journals Halogenated Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Samples and Inorganic Elements Levels in Ores for Characterizing a High Anthropogenic Polluted Area in the Northern Latium Region (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1628
Author(s):  
Mario Vincenzo Russo ◽  
Ivan Notardonato ◽  
Alberto Rosada ◽  
Giuseppe Ianiri ◽  
Pasquale Avino
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High ◽  
Inorganic Fraction

This paper shows a characterization of the organic and inorganic fraction of river waters (Tiber and Marta) and ores/soil samples collected in the Northern Latium region of Italy for evaluating the anthropogenic/natural source contribution to the environmental pollution of this area. For organic compounds, organochloride volatile compounds in Tiber and Marta rivers were analyzed by two different clean-up methods (i.e., liquid–liquid extraction and static headspace) followed by gas chromatography–electron capture detector (GC-ECD) analysis. The results show very high concentrations of bromoform (up to 1.82 and 3.2 µg L−1 in Tiber and Marta rivers, respectively), due to the presence of greenhouse crops, and of chloroform and tetrachloroethene, due to the presence of handicrafts installations. For the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the inorganic fraction, it is highlighted the use of a nuclear analytical method, instrumental neutron activation analysis, which allows having more information as possible from the sample without performing any chemical-physical pretreatment. The results have evidenced high levels of mercury (mean value 88.6 µg g−1), antimony (77.7 µg g−1), strontium (12,039 µg g−1) and zinc (103 µg g−1), whereas rare earth elements show levels similar to the literature data. Particular consideration is drawn for arsenic (414 µg g−1): the levels found in this paper (ranging between 1 and 5100 µg g−1) explain the high content of such element (as arsenates) in the aquifer, a big issue in this area.

scholarly journals Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds in Mango Ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) from Myanmar

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Yanhang Chen ◽  
Musavvara Kh. Shukurova ◽  
Yonathan Asikin ◽  
Miyako Kusano ◽  
Kazuo N. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Mango Ginger ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Curcuma Amada ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Curcuma amada Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), commonly known as mango ginger because its rhizome and foliar parts have a similar aroma to mango. The rhizome has been widely used in food industries and alternative medicines to treat a variety of internal diseases such as cough, bronchitis, indigestion, colic, loss of appetite, hiccups, and constipation. The composition of the volatile constituents in a fresh rhizome of C. amada is not reported in detail. The present study aimed to screen and characterize the composition of volatile organic compound (VOC) in a fresh rhizome of three C. amada (ZO45, ZO89, and ZO114) and one C. longa (ZO138) accessions originated from Myanmar. The analysis was carried out by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). As a result, 122 VOCs were tentatively identified from the extracted 373 mass spectra. The following compounds were the ten most highly abundant and broadly present ones: ar-turmerone, α-zingiberene, α-santalene, (E)-γ-atlantone, cuparene, β-bisabolene, teresantalol, β-sesquiphellandrene, trans-α-bergamotene, γ-curcumene. The intensity of ar-turmerone, the sesquiterpene which is mainly characterized in C. longa essential oil (up to 15.5–27.5%), was significantly higher in C. amada accession ZO89 (15.707 ± 5.78a) compared to C. longa accession ZO138 (0.300 ± 0.08b). Cis-α-bergamotene was not detected in two C. amada accessions ZO45 and ZO89. The study revealed between-species variation regarding identified VOCs in the fresh rhizome of C. amada and C. longa.

Fabrication, characterization of O doped g-C3N4 materials via a green ascorbic acid-assisted calcination route

2021 ◽  
pp. 106605
Author(s):  
Zhenmin Zhang ◽  
Mengfan Zhang ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
Jian Tian ◽  
Changlin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid
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